从动词的角度学习完形填空的常用解题技巧

陈雪芬

近三年全国I卷的完形填空里动词的出题率最高，具体情况见下图：

动词由于有不同的搭配增加了同学们辨析词义的难度，导致得分率不高。本文尝试从出题频率最高的动词的角度讨论完形填空的解题技巧，通过对动词题的解码，辐射完形填空中的其他词类的解题方法。

一、了解命题特点

从近四年全国I卷完形填空来看，动词、名词、形容词和副词都是热考点，连接词也偶尔考到。从体裁来看，近四年的完形填空的短文均为记叙文。其首句都没有设空。

（2015年全国Ⅰ卷）My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way， we spotted a man holding ...

（2016年全国Ⅰ卷）Larry works with Transport Drivers， Inc. One morning in 2009， Larry was ...

（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life， college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through ...

（2018年全國Ⅰ卷）During my second year at the city college， I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits. I ...

二、寻找答案线索

以2017年高考真题的动词为例，总结如何找出答案线索词/句。

[例1]While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life， college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better： I discovered ASL-American Sign Language（美式手语）.

41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal

解题思路：首句意为：虽然高中一般不鼓励学生探索认识新的领域，但是大学为这种探索创造了条件。因此，全文是讲一个探索的过程。searching和首句中的explore、exploration相符，故选A项。

小结：利用首段首句信息，明确文章主旨大意。

[例2]I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing， and so are all my friends.

43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create

解题思路：这两句之间是因果关系：我以前没有要学习任何手语的冲动，因为我的家人和朋友都听得见。故选C项。

小结：利用句子前后的逻辑关系来解题，逻辑关系有转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。

[例3]The story began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past. This newness just left me 51 more.

47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed

49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted

51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting

解题思路：我观看了ASL俱乐部表演了一首歌，故47题选B项。本句的watched和下一句的the hand movements、communicating without speaking可以看出这首歌是用手语表演的。49题后面的句子：我（在ASL俱乐部）所见的东西跟我之前的经历是完全不同的，这种newness（新鲜感）促使我想要学得更多，故51题选D项。作者喜欢手语，因此美式手语表演吸引了作者，故49题选D项。

小结：根据上下文信息、情境呼应解题。

[例4]While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life， college sets the stage for that exploration... . I discovered ASL-American Sign Language（美式手语）.

…

...This newness just left me wanting more.

After that， feeling the need to 52 further， I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to

53 the alphabet that day.

52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain

53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count

解题思路：从首段首句的explore、exploration及51题的wanting more，可以知道作者看完手语表演后对手语产生了兴趣，感到有必要进一步了解（52题选B）手语，于是决定顺便去参加ASL俱乐部的会议。那天会上作者仅仅学会了用手势比字母，故53题选C项。此处的sign是动词，意为“示意，做手势”。

小结：利用词义辨析、词义复现（原词、同义词、近义词）解題。

[例5]... I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.

The following term， I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 .

55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize

56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for

57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated

解题思路：我下定决心参加（attend）美式手语俱乐部的那些会议，学习我能够学到的所有东西，故55题选C项。attend a meeting 是一种常见的表达方式。接下来的学期，我报名（registered for）选了一个ASL课程，故56题选D项。registered for a class / course是固定的短语搭配。上课的教授是个聋子，因此任何口语交谈都是被禁止的（prohibited），故57题选A项。

小结：利用习惯搭配、文化背景和生活常识解题。

三、解题方法总结（见图1）

四、解题方法运用

让我们借助以上思维导图，试做以下几道高考题，选出最佳选项。

1.（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 41 Miller King， who was the best player at our school.

41. A. cheering for B. beating out

C. relying on D. staying with

2.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）The following term， I registered for an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. Instead， if there had been any talking， it would have 59 us to learn less. Now， I appreciate the silence and the newway of communication it opens.

59. A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected

3.（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）Just before September， Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale， but he didnt cry.

That season， I 46 all of Millers records while he

47 the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player， but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers accident.

46. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried

47. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched

4.（2013年全国Ⅰ卷）I went to a group activity，“Sensitivity Sunday”， which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to“ 37 a disability”for several hours one Sunday. Some members， like me， chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs（耳塞）or blindfolds（眼罩）.