高考话题下的基础知识复习

山东 沙俊燕

在《教学考试》2018高考英语1的《高三英语话题式一轮复习初探》一文中笔者介绍了话题式一轮复习的背景、理论依据及基本做法。本文则尝试以高考话题“旅游与交通”为例具体介绍在话题背景下如何进行基础知识的有效复习，如何将话题式复习与高考对接，以及在该话题下教师宜采取何种教学策略与方法。

一、话题导入与头脑风景

旅游与交通（Travelling and Transportation）

一、话题导入与头脑风暴

利用图片迅速导入话题Travelling and Transportation。亮丽的图片很容易给高三学生疲惫的大脑带来愉悦感，激发学习热情。教师继而启发学生进行头脑风暴（brainstorming），帮助学生尽可能多地回忆与话题相关的词汇、短语与句式。

这一环节可以采取学生说、老师板书的形式。也可以进行小组合作，绘制关于话题词汇、短语、句式的思维导图、知识树或气泡图，之后进行投影展示。然后，老师利用PPT或数个思维导图呈现话题词汇、短语与句式。这时新旧知识便会在学生头脑中产生碰撞。从而新知与原有相关知识产生链接，各就各位。

以下为该话题的话题词汇、短语及句式。

话题词汇：

aboard，abroad，accelerate，accident，accommodation，adventure，aeroplane，agent，aircraft，airliner，airport，alternative，amazing，attract，attractive，baggage/luggage，block，board，book，brake，cab，carriage，castle，canal，conductor，crash，crew，crossing，crowded，customs，delay，destination，disadvantage，drunk-driving，ferry，flight，fountain，guide，highway，helicopter，impressive，jet，journey，land，license，motorcycle，museum，obey，outing，passenger，passport，passer-by，pedestrian，pilot，platform，port/harbor，pyramid，queue，reception，reserve，route，satisfy，scene，scenery，secure，sidewalk/pavement，sight，sightseeing，sign，site，speed，spot，steward，stewardess，subway，suitcase，temple，terminal，tip，tour，tourism，tourist，traffic，tram，trap，traveller，trip，truck，underground，vehicle，visa，voyage...

话题短语：

a place of interest，a summer resort，appeal to，avoid traffic jams，be struck by，be/get stuck in，beyond description，book a single/double room，bullet train，carry out，cancel the flight，check in，check out，catch one’s eye，contribute to，double-decker train，driving license/permit，express train，ensure people’s safety on the road，economic class，go aboard，have a good time/have fun，hold up，improve traffic safety awareness，knock into/against，nonstop flight，obey/observe traffic regulations，paddle，parking lot，passenger plane，pay a fi ne，pedestrian crossing，public transportation...

话题句式：

1.It+be＋adj.+todosth.

It’s very convenient to get there by taking Buses No.17，69 or 59 beside Subway Line.

2.As is known to us all

As is known to us all，Mount Huashan is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics.

3.on/upon+名词或动名词

On arriving at the top of the hill，we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.

4.the moment引导时间状语从句

The moment we arrived，we were given a warm welcome by the local people.

二、话题核心知识补充与点拨

接下来是对核心词汇、短语的点拨教学，即对重点词汇的词形变化、习惯搭配、一词多义、多词一义、近义词反义词进行补充与强调。在此教学环节中，教师简明扼要地进行点拨教学，学生认真做笔记，同时在头脑中积极建构知识体系。如：

1.attractvt.吸引，引起→attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的→attractionn.吸引力，具有吸引力的事物或人

2.satisfy vt.满足，使满意→satisfactionn.满意，满足→satisf i edadj.感到满意的→satisfyingadj.令人满意的

满意的：satisf i ed，pleased，content，contented

满足某人的需求：satisfy/meet one’s need

3.reservevt.预订；保留→reservationn.预订；保留意见→reservedadj.预订的，保留的

近义词：reserve预订，保留

book 预订，预约

order 订购

4.amazingadj.惊人的→amazevt.使吃惊，使惊讶→amazedadj.吃惊的，惊愕的

5.alternativeadj.可供选择的n.选择

多词一义：

选择alternative；choice；option

6.被打动，感动be moved/touched/affected/struck by

教师点拨教学完成后，最好给学生留出一定时间当堂识记巩固，然后进行语境活用检测。尽量选取高考试题中的句子改编成练习让学生进行填词检测，这样可以使基础知识的复习与高考对接。便于学生体会与本话题相关的基础知识在高考试题中是如何进行考查的。以下为部分习题展示：

语境活用 [用所给词的正确形式填空]

1.Hundreds of people have formed__________________（impress）of you through that little device（装置） on your desk.

2.No matter how __________（attract） they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard and tasteless.

3.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental_________（guide） to college students？

4.And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most___________________________ （amaze） adventure of my life.

5.He had more job ______（satisfy），a better marriage and was healthier.

三、话题基础知识用法突破

该环节的教学宜采取学生自学→小组讨论展示（口头展示与书面展示相结合）→小组/教师点评→教师补充强调等方式。当然，课堂的具体实施还要视教学内容难度、学情而定。以下为话题式基础知识用法突破环节的部分学案：

1.trapn.夹子；陷阱；困境；圈套

v.使困住，使陷于；使落网

（1）Amanda felt that marriage was a trap.

阿曼达觉得婚姻是一个陷阱。（朗文词典）

（2）She _________________ the burning house at that moment.

2.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。

层级训练

基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]

（1）Were you just trying to trap her ________ making a mistaken decision?

（2）Her mother Donna ______________（trap） in the destroyed building.

（3）Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell_____________ it.写作能力提升——[句式升级]

（4）He was trapped in a traffic jam，so he had to be patient，waiting.（用过去分词短语作状语改写）

____________________，he had to be patient，waiting.

3.The moment we arrived，we were given a warm welcome by the local people.

我们一到达就受到了当地人的热烈欢迎。

（1）I want to see him the moment he arrives.

他一到达我就想去看他。

（2）______________ I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.

我第一次见到Suzy Khan，我就知道我必须帮助她。

名师点拨

for the fi rst time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。

层级训练

基础知识训练——[单句改错]

（1）Naturally，you were nervous when you went on the platform the fi rst time.

写作能力提升——[同义句改写]

（2）Alisha fell asleep the moment she got into bed.

① Alisha fell asleep __________________.（用 as soon as改写）

②Alisha fell asleep __________________.（用以- ly结尾的连词改写）

四、话题基础知识的复现与内化——话题听力与话题阅读

在学习了话题基础知识后，教师需要为学生提供不同形式的练习使知识得以复现与内化。话题听力、阅读、完形填空等练习都是很好的知识复现练习方式。因为听力和阅读材料与话题相关，该话题的核心词汇、短语及句式在语言材料中便会有效复现，且以语篇为载体。学生在认真完成这些练习的过程中，对话题基础知识相当于进行了有意义的复习，并实现了一定程度的内化。下面是一篇“旅游与交通”的话题阅读。笔者用斜体将话题词汇与短语加以强调，大家可以清楚地看到基础知识在语言材料中的复现。

（2016·全国卷Ⅱ）

A newcollection of photosbrings an unsuccessfulAntarctic voyageback to life.

Frank Hurley’spictureswould be outstanding—undoubtedly fi rst-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they wereshotfrom 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck（海难），by acameramanwho had no reasonable expectation ofsurvival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，underfreezingwater，in thedamagedwooden ship.

The ship was theEndurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt three- master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a smallcrewofseamenand scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmostshoreof Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force apassagebydog sled（雪橇）across the continent.Thejourneywas intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott hadreachedthe South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his fourcompanionson the march back.

As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well- researched storyThe Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey，completed as he lay in atentdying of cold and hunger，caught the world’s imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchant- navy off i cer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914voyageto make money from movie and stillphotography.Frank Hurley，a conf i dent and gifted Australian photographer who knew theAntarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.

33.What do we know about thephotostaken by Hurley?

A.They were made last week.

B.They showedundersea sceneries.

C.They were found by a cameraman.

D.They recorded a disastrousadventure.

34.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?

A.Frank Hurley.

B.Ernest Shackleton.

C.Robert Falcon Scott.

D.Caroline Alexander.

35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914voyage?

A.Artistic creation.

B.Scientif i c research.

C.Money making.

D.Treasure hunting.

五、话题基础知识向语言能力的转化

在此教学环节，教师可以创设真实语境，可以原创以话题为背景的语法填空、翻译或是写作。旨在引导学生将所复习的基础知识在语篇中主动地进行运用。从而逐步实现知识的内化吸收，有效掌握。以下是一篇话题写作：

假设你是某旅行社业务营销主管李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于十月来中国旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点情况。请你根据以下信息，写一封回信，向Nick介绍时尚旅游产品“中原现代化新型农村游”。

要点：

1.避开城市喧闹，享受田园风光；

2.气候适宜，交通便利；

3.新农村的住房以及娱乐设施（咖啡厅、酒吧、自由降落等）；

4.提供农家食宿服务及家庭生活设备（汽车、游泳池、计算机、家用电器等）。

参考词汇：

娱乐、消遣的recreational；

家用电器electrical household appliances

六、话题基础知识与测试的对接——话题综合能力检测

学生基础知识的复习最终将面临高考的检验，所以每个话题基础知识复习完毕，需要教师带领学生对该话题基础知识进行话题综合能力检测。

结语：

以高考话题“旅游与交通”为例的英语基础知识复习策略与实施办法已经过教学实践的初步检验，并取得显著成效。笔者希望本文能够对英语学科高三基础知识的复习提供一种新思路。期待更多同仁加入话题式复习的教学尝试！