潘灵君 李蔓
【摘要】本文详细记录“Do you like pears?”一课的教学过程,授课教师熟练运用信息技术,通过课前问卷调查提升课堂教学的针对性,创设饱含童趣的情境激发学生学习热情并在情境中有效整合新旧知识,通过有梯度的操练强化学生听、说、认、读能力,结合课文创编新情境实现情感升华,分层拓展练习提升学生的语用能力。
【关键词】Do you like pears? 课前调查 情境创设
梯度操练 情感升华 分层练习
【中图分类号】G 【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】0450-9889(2018)02A-0090-04
“Do you like pears?”一课是人教版小学英语第二册第5单元的Part A,该部分围绕fruit这一常见的生活主题展开教学。这是一节基于移动终端的词汇句型整合课,主要运用了情景交际法、合作教学法等教学方法,引导学生在充满趣味的故事情境中掌握并运用相关词汇和句型,同时借助新媒体技术巩固教学重点,突破知识难点,提升学生的综合语用能力。
一、课前问卷调查,教学有的放矢
1. Greeting
T:Hello boys and girls,nice to meet you.
Ss:Nice to meet you,too.
T:Wow,youre so passionate!Before the new lesson,heres a survey for you. Please finish it on your tablet.
(教师通过平板电脑发送课前调查表,见图1)
2. Review
T:You have done a good job in preparation. Now lets have a review. Look!I will show you some words,if you know it,please stand up quickly and speak loudly,ready?
Ss:Lets go!
(生看图说词)
【评析】教师在课前采用问卷星软件调查学生的预习情况,便于教师以生为本、有针对性地调整教学策略。由调查结果图可知,大部分学生已能认读本课单词,因此教师可以适当拓展课堂容量,以满足学生对新知识的需求,同时还要关注学生在理解新句型“Do you like…?”时存在的薄弱点。“火眼金睛”游戏帮助学生复习了颜色、方位、形状类词汇,为后续教学环节打下了扎实基础。
二、创设趣味情境,整合新旧知识
片段一
T:Just now youve done a good job. So Ill give you a present!Look!(课件展示:童趣的水果农场) Teacher Lisa has a farm,E-I-E-I-O,and on the farm she has fruits,E-I-E-I-O.(师拍手,哼唱改编歌谣)Follow me!
Ss:Teacher Lisa has a farm,E-I-E-I-O,and on the farm she has fruits,E-I-E-I-O.(生拍手,跟唱歌谣)
T:Welcome to my fruit farm!In the farm,I have four friends.Look,they are coming!Lets say hello to them.
Ss:Hello!Friends!(生向水果朋友问好)
T:(课件展示:Miss Apple躲起来了)Can you guess where is it? Is it under the tree?Is it on the tree?
S:Yes,it is/No,it isnt.(生猜想)
T:Oh,youre so clever!Lets spell it. Show me your fingers.A-P-P-L-E,apple.
S:A-P-P-L-E,apple.
T:A pounce [?],A pounce [?],apple. Can you read them?
Ss:Bag,cat,hat.
T:Great!Look,its an apple,and they are...?(出示一個苹果和一堆苹果)
Ss:Apples.
T:How many apples do you see?
S:I see five apples.
T:I like apples. They taste really good.Do you like apples?(呈现重点句型) If you like apples,you can say “yes,I do”. Maybe you dont,you can say “no,I dont”. Do you understand?
Ss:Yes!
【评析】学生在富有童趣的情境中和Miss Apple互动,不仅学习了新词,还复习了“Where is…?”“Is it in/on/under…”“Its a…”“They are…”等句型,唤醒了学生对已有知识的记忆,降低了新知的学习难度,教材的新旧知识实现了良好衔接。教师在教授新词时使用自然拼读法,有利于学生拼读单词时举一反三。
片段二
T:Now Mr. Orange is coming,look!
(课件展示:Mr. Orange:Hi,honey,Im orange. My color is orange. Im round and small. Im sweet,too!Do you like me?)
T:Do you like oranges?
S1:Yes,I do.
T:Ask your desk mate,please.
S1:Do you like orange?
S2:Yes,I do.
T:Oh,boy!You should pay attention to the‘s. Please try again.(师进行纠错性反馈)
S1:Do you like oranges?
T:Do you know this word now?Can you spell?
Ss:O-r-a-n-g-e,orange.
T:Its an orange,they are...?
Ss:Oranges.
【评析】教师带领学生认识水果人物Mr.Orange,饱含童趣的动漫形象激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了新词教学的效率。教师通过纠错性反馈提醒学生注意“Do you like+名词复数”这一知识易错点,从而顺利突破了教学难点。
片段三
T:You have known Miss Apple and Mr. Orange. Now Miss Pear is coming.(课件展示:Miss Pear:Oh,hello,Im pear ... Im ...)
T:Oh,Miss Pear is very shy. Can you help her to introduce herself?
S1:Im Miss Pear. Im yellow. Im small.(生帮助害羞的Miss Pear完成自我介绍)
S2:Im Miss Apples good friend. My name is Miss Pear.
T:Wow,so clever,boys and girls,how about them?
Ss:Very good!(生鼓掌)
T:Lets spell it. Show me your fingers.
Ss:P-e-a-r,pear.
T:Look at the word. Do you know this word,bear?Can you read it?How about these words?Pear,wear ...
T:Its a pear,they are ...?
Ss:Pears.
T:Do you like pears?
Ss:Yes,I do./ No,I dont.
【评析】教师在富有童趣的情境中继续进行新词教学,变换了单词教学形式,创设了一个口语小练习——让学生帮助害羞的Miss Pear完成自我介绍,学生在完成这个小练习时能够运用学过的颜色类、形状类单词。该环节提升了学生的口语表达能力,同时也渗透了字母组合ear的发音。
片段四
(课件展示:Mr.Banana:Hello!Honey!Im Mr. Banana. Im yellow. Im thin. Im yummy,too!Do you like me?)
T:Do you like bananas?
S1:I dont like!
T:Oh,why?Fruit is good for our body. Try some.(教师抓住课堂生成,及时进行评价性反馈)
T:Wow,Mr.Banana has many friends,look!They are grapes,watermelons,strawberries. Which fruit do you like best?(教师通过平板电脑发放投票题)
S:I like ... best.(生完成投票)
T:It seems lots of you like watermelons. But I like all fruits because they are good for our health. Now please use the sentence Do you like ...?to talk with your desk mate.
【评析】教师通过输入grape、watermelon等水果类新词,拓展了学生的词汇量。教师运用电子书包里的投票系统,让学生选出自己喜欢的水果,由此引出多吃水果對身体有益这一情感目标。随后教师引导学生运用新句型Do you like…?进行同桌对话,进一步巩固了本课的重点句型。
三、梯度词句操练,强化学生听、说、认、读能力
片段一
T:We have learned many new words,now let me check.(师通过平板电脑发送练习题,如图2所示) Ok,times up. Who wants to show your work?
S1:Let me try.(生上传练习到教师的平板电脑,师向全班展示) This one is apple. This one is orange. This one is pear and this one is banana.
T:Boys and girls,is he right?
Ss:Yes.
T:Who want to try again?
S2,S3…
【评析】该基础题考查了学生对重点单词的辨识能力。学生在平板电脑上完成练习后即刻提交,教师面向全班及时予以批改点评,新媒体技术的运用提升了随堂作业批改反馈的效率,从而提高了课堂效率。
片段二
T:I think last work is easy for you. Do you want to try a difficult one?
Ss:Yes.
T:Heres a work for you. Try to put the words in the right place. 1 minute for you.(教师通过平板电脑给学生发送分类练习,如图3所示)【评析】“Do you like+名词复数”是本节课的教学难点,教师让学生根据Its a/an…和Do you like…?两个句型进行名词单复数的分类,在句子中操练单词。学生在分类的过程中感知名词单复数,并正确理解本课的句型Do you like…?从而巩固了本课的重点句型,突破了教学难点。
片段三
T:You can do the two exercises correctly. You are so smart!Now were going to play a game. Do you love games?
Ss:Yes,I do.
T:Great,lets play the game,Lucky Turntable.(课件展示:幸运大转盘) You can work with your partner,then share with the class. 2 minutes for you.
S1:Do you like pears?
S2:No,I dont. Do you like bananas?
S1:Yes,I do.
【评析】幸运大转盘活动以游戏的形式巩固本课重点句型Do you like…?富有童趣的活动形式颇受学生欢迎,学生十分积极,参与度高。在游戏中操练本课重点句型,有效解决了学生易混淆Yes,it is.和Yes,I do.两个句型这一难题,提升了学生的口语交际能力。
四、創新课文教学,促进情感升华
片段一
T:(课件展示:Sarah和mum在水果超市) Look!Who are they?
Ss:They are Sarah and Sarahs mother.
T:They go shopping now. Please open your books,turn to page 48. Watch the video and think about the questions. What does Sarah like?How many kinds of fruit does Zoom eat?
T:Please follow the video to read the text. Are you ready?
Ss:Honey,lets buy some fruits… (生跟录音朗读课文)
T:Who wants to be mum and who wants to be Sarah?Show me your hands!
(生角色扮演朗读课文)
S1:Honey,lets buy some fruits.
S2:Great…
T:How about them?Good,very good or wonderful?
Ss:Wonderful.
【评析】教师运用任务型教学法,让学生带着问题观看课文视频,提升了教学效率。学生进行了三次课文朗读——跟读、自主读、角色扮演,递进式的操练让学生扎实地掌握了课文内容。
片段二
T:(课件展示:续写课文故事,出现了新的主人翁)Look,who is he?
Ss:He is Zhang Peng.
T:Yes,Sarah met Zhang Peng in the market. Look at this dialogue,maybe its a little bit difficult. Who wants to try?One is Sarah,one is Zhang Peng and the other is doctor.
(生角色扮演进行对话)
S1(Sarah):Hello,Zhang Peng,do you like apples?
S2(ZhangPeng):No,I dont.
S1:Ok,what about pears?Do you like pears?
S2:I dont like pears.
S1:Well... Do you like bananas?
S2:No,I dont.
(课件展示:The weather becomes cold. Zhang Peng feels not so good. He goes to see doctor.)
S3(doctor):Fruit is good for our health. You should try to eat more fruits.
S2:OK,thanks,I know.
T:Wonderful!Your spoken English is quiet good!So,boys and girls, fruit is good for our body.
【评析】教师创编的新情境来源于课文,是对课文的续写。教师对课文进行适当拓展,拓展性的语言输入提高了学生的语用能力。该情境使学生明白了多吃水果对身体有益的道理,从而达成了本节课的情感目标。
五、分层拓展练习,提升语用能力
T:Boys and girls, I will go shopping, do you want to go with me?
Ss:Yes. Lets go.
T:(课件展示:大超市)Look!A big supermarket. Lets buy some fruits. Who want to be the sales assistant?You,please.
S1:Hello,what do you want?
T:I want some fruits.
S1:Do you like pears?(师生对话)
T:Youre a great sales assistant. Now here are two exercises in this paper. Boys and girls,you can choose one to finish. Please work in group. 2 minutes for you!Go!(师发放分层练习,如图4所示)
T:Ok,times up. Which group wants to share?
S1:Do you like apples?(生进行互动对话)
S2:No,I dont ...
T:You can choose the difficult one. Im so proud of you. Give me five!
Ss:Yeah!(和教师击掌)
【评析】教师创设了一个购物情境,首先教师和一名学生做示范,然后再引导学生完成分层练习。该练习遵循生本理念,学生可以根据自身的学习水平选择完成一项简单的或有难度的练习。挖空式的练习设计留给了学生自主探究的空间,同时该练习集听、说、读、写训练于一体,让学生在真实的语境中运用所学的语言,提高了学生的综合语用能力。
六、复习总结知识,升华情感认知
T:What have you learnt today?
Ss:Apple,orange ...(生回顾所学知识)
T:Yes,thats a good summary. Look,here are some proverbs for you. Can you guess the meanings?An apple a day,keeps the doctor away.
Ss:一天一个苹果,医生远离你。
T:Clever!Fruit is quiet good for your body. I hope you love them. How about them?The apple of ones eye. Top banana. They are very interesting. Do you want to know them?
Ss:Yes.
T:But time is limited,you can research them on your tablet after class. Heres your homework.(師布置作业) (a)Make a survey about fruit in your class. Use the sentences weve learnt today. (b)Search some proverbs about fruit,and then share with your classmates.
T:Now class is over. Im so happy to have the lesson with you. Goodbye,boys and girls.
Ss:Goodbye,Lisa!
【评析】教师引导学生回顾总结所学知识,在介绍完谚语后自然而然地进行情感升华,给学生留下了思考空间,激发了学生的探索欲望。教师随后布置课后作业,作业a旨在让学生学以致用,用所学句型进行日常交流,提升学生的语言交际能力,作业b旨在拓展学生知识面,让学生多了解一些关于水果的谚语。
【总评】
一、趣味动漫教学,扩大课堂容量
教师在新知教学环节创设富有童趣的情境,和学生一起到水果农场去认识4位水果朋友,营造了生动有趣的语言环境。在教学过程中,4位水果小伙伴始终陪伴着学生,饱含童趣的动漫形象激发了学生的学习热情,提高了新词学习的效率。同时,教师的教法丰富多样,例如,在教授apple一词时让学生猜一猜淘气的Miss Apple躲在哪里,从而帮助学生复习“Where is the...?”“Is it in/on/under...?”“How many...do you see?”等句型;在教授pear一词时,让学生帮助害羞的Miss Pear完成自我介绍,引导学生复习颜色、形状等旧知;在教授banana时,引导学生和Mr.Banana进行互动,拓展了很多其他水果名词……在本节课中,教师在新知教授环节有效整合了大量学生已经学过的知识,教材的新旧知识得到良好衔接,唤起了学生对旧知的回忆,扩大了课堂教学容量,为后续教学环节打下了扎实基础。
二、递进操练词句,培养语用能力
本节课主要有以下词汇和句型练习:连线题、名词单复数归类题、幸运大转盘以及最后的分层拓展练习。连线题为基础题,考查学生对本节课重点单词的辨识能力;分类题让学生依据“Its a/an...”和本课新句型“Do you like...?”进行名词单复数的分类,解决了学生在“Do you like”后面经常忘记接名词复数的难题;幸运大转盘是一个句型替换操练练习,让学生在游戏中操练、巩固本课的重点句型;最后的分层练习让学生依据自身学习水平完成一个集听、说、读、写为一体的综合练习。以上练习由单词操练过渡到句型操练,由易到难,梯度式的活动设计符合学生的认知水平,增强了学生的信心,在巩固重点、突破难点的同时,强化了学生单词的听、说、认、读能力,提升了学生的综合语用能力。
三、运用信息技术助力课堂教学
教师在课前进行了问卷调查,有效地掌握了学生的预习情况。统计数据表明,学生对新句型中名词单复数的使用和新句型“Do you like...?”的答语掌握得还不够扎实,从而为教师在教学时突破难点明确了方向。教学过程中,教师运用交互式电子白板创设出一个饱含童趣的互动课堂让学生穿越空间,跨越了教材限制,师生融入趣味情境之中,实现了知识的前后衔接。
电子书包的使用提升了教师随堂作业批改反馈的效率,确保教师能在有限的35分钟内为课堂输入更为丰富的知识。依托新媒体技术,学生能够即时作答、即时提交、即时分享,教师能及时批改反馈,从而构建了一个高效英语课堂。
(责编 刘小瑗)