福建 李志艳
英语中,大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。
揭秘一:形容词或副词原级的用法
当形容词或副词之前有表示程度的副词so、very、quite、rather等修饰时,用形容词或副词的原级。表示两者在某方面相同时,用“as+形容词或副词原级+as”结构,表示“……和……一样……”;表示一方在某方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构,表示“……不如……”。例如:
This story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个故事一样有趣。
She doesn’t study as/so hard as her brother.她学习不如她哥哥努力。
【链接中考】
1.Mr.Smith said his son was as ______as his daughter.
【2017·邵阳中考题】
A.hard-working
B.more hard-working
C.the most hard-working
【答案及解析】A 句意:根据语境可知,此句意思是“史密斯先生说他的儿子和女儿一样勤奋”,表达的是史密斯先生的儿子和女儿的"勤奋"程度相同,应用“as+形容词或副词原级+as”结构表示原级比较,故选A项。
2.Everyone knows the Yellow River isn’t so______as the Yangtze River.
【2017·海南中考题】
A.long B.longer C.longest
【答案及解析】A 句意:众所周知,黄河不如长江长。当表示一方在某方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构,故选A项。
揭秘二:形容词或副词比较级的用法
形容词或副词的比较级表示两者间的比较,常用于“形容词或副词比较级+than”结构中,表示“……比……更……”。than后可接比较状语从句,也可接名词、代词等,如果是人称代词,主格、宾格都可以使用。例如:
I am more outgoing than my friend.我比我的朋友更外向。
Try to do better next time.下次争取干得好一点。
比较级前可使用much、even、far、a little、a lot等修饰语,有时也可以加表示数量的词。例如:
She jumps much higher than Mary.她跳得比玛丽高得多。
Mike ran a little faster than his classmate in the race.在比赛中,迈克比他的同学跑得快一点儿。
My friend is three years younger than me.我的朋友比我小三岁。
【知识拓展】
形容词或副词的比较级的几种特殊形式:
1.“the+形容词或副词的比较级+of the two”,意为“两者中比较……的”。例如:
Nick is the cleverer of the two children.尼克是这两个孩子中较聪明的那个。
2.“(单音节或部分双音节形容词或副词的)比较级+and+(单音节或部分双音节形容词或副词的)比较级”,意为“越来越……”;当部分双音节或多音节形容词或副词表示这一意义时,应用“more and more+形容词或副词原级”结构。例如:
The weather is getting worse and worse.天气变得越来越糟糕了。
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.这个城市变得越来越美丽了。
3.“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较”意为“越……,越……”。例如:
The better the bamboo grows,the more food the pandas will have.竹子生长得越好,大熊猫的食物就越多。
4.“形容词或副词的比较级+than any other+单数可数名词+同一范围”,意为“比其他任何……都……”;“形容词或副词比较级+than any+单数可数名词+不同范围”,意为"比……中任何……都……”。例如:
Linda is taller than any other student in our class.在我们班,琳达比其他任何学生都高。
Mary is thinner than any student in her brother’s class.玛丽比她弟弟班里任何一个学生都瘦。
5.“...times+形容词或副词的比较级+than...”表示倍数。例如:
This village is four times bigger than that one.这个村庄比那个村庄大四倍。
6.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,要用形容词或副词的比较级的形式。例如:
Which bike is newer,this one or that one?哪辆自行车更新,这辆还是那辆?
【温馨提示】
比较双方必须是同类事物,即人与人、物与物进行比较。如“我的书包比吉姆的贵。”应译成“My schoolbag is more expensive than Jim’s.”,而不能译成“My schoolbag is more expensive than Jim.”。
【链接中考】
1.—What do you think of the movie?
—Great!I have never seen a ______one.
【2017·安徽中考题】
A.good B.bad
C.better D.worse
【答案与解析】C 根据句意可知,此处是把其他电影与这部电影比较,应用比较级。再由“Great!”可知横线所在的句子意思是“我从未见过更好的”,故选C项。
2.—The living conditions in the countryside have improved greatly in recent years.
—Yes.Farmers are living a much _______life than before.
【2017·宜昌中考题】
A.happy B.happier
C.happily D.happiest
【答案与解析】B 根据横线前面的修饰语及后面的than可知,此处应用比较级,句意为“农民们过着比以前更幸福的生活”,故选B项。
揭秘三:形容词或副词最高级的用法
形容词或副词的最高级表示三者或三者以上人或物的比较,句中可用in、of、among介词短语或定语从句等来说明比较的范围。通常情况下,形容词最高级前要使用定冠词,但当形容词最高级前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等修饰语时,不用定冠词;副词最高级前用不用定冠词都可以。例如:
I think the movie is the most boring of all.在所有影片中,我认为这部最枯燥。
The little boy is my best friend.那个小男孩是我最好的朋友。
Bob runs(the)fastest in our class.在我们班鲍勃跑得最快。
【知识拓展】
形容词或副词最高级的几种特殊形式:
1.“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词或复数宾格代词”意为“……中最……之一”。例如:
Mr.Smith is one of the most popular teachers in our school.史密斯先生是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
2.“the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词”表示“第几最……”。例如:
Is Hainan Island the second largest island in China?海南岛是中国的第二大岛吗?
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有三者或三者以上供选择,要用形容词或副词的最高级形式。例如:
Who sings best,David,Dale or Dave?谁唱得最好,戴维、戴尔还是戴夫?
【链接中考】
1.Miho is _______student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.
【2017·河南中考题】
A.young B.younger
C.the younger D.the youngest
【答案与解析】D 根据句中“she was born later than anyone else”的意思“她比其他任何人出生都晚”可知,Miho是班里年龄最小的,应用最高级,故选D项。
2.The hotel is very old.It’s one of___________buildings in the city.
【2017·北京中考题】
A.old B.older
C.oldest D.the oldest
【答案及解析】D“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构表示“……中最……之一”,故选D项。
根据句意,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1.—Who is ______child among you three?
—Jane.She often has good ideas when we have problems.
A.clever B.cleverer
C.cleverest D.the cleverest
2.Although Frank is tall,he is shorter than Eric.He is the second ______in our school.
A.taller B.tall
C.tallest D.the tallest
3.—Did Jim get first place in the math exam?
—Yes,no one did so ______as him.
A.good B.well
C.better D.worse
4.—The temperature is 30℃ today.I prefer staying in to going out.
—It’ll be _______tomorrow.The weather will reach 35℃.
A.hot B.hotter
C.hottest D.the hottest
5.—We should go to school by bus instead of by car.
—Yeah,_______cars we use,_____ _pollution there will be.
A.fewer;less B.less;fewer
C.the less;the fewer D.the fewer;the less
6.—Michael runs _______of all the students in my class.
—Wow,he is great.
A.fast B.faster
C.the faster D.the fastest
7.—Lots of students think science is_______English.
—I agree.I am weak in English.
A.much difficult than
B.so difficult as
C.less difficult than
D.more difficult than
8.—This kind of watch is even _______today than last month.Would you like to have one?
—Really?I’ll take one.
A.the most expensive
B.more expensive
C.the cheapest
D.cheaper
9.—Everybody knows Canada is the second largest country in the world.
—That is,it is larger than ________country in Asia.
A.any B.any other
C.other D.another
10.—Which city is _______,Hangzhou,Beijing or Shanghai?
—Hangzhou,I think.
A.beautiful B.more beautiful
C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful