史伟萍
[摘要] 目的 探讨颌面部Kimura病的临床表现、诊断及治疗方案,以提高临床医师对该病的认识,减少误诊。方法 回顾性分析该院口腔颌面外科2011年9月—2014年1月诊治的16例Kimura病患者的临床资料、辅助检查结果、治疗方案及预后情况。 结果 16例患者均表现为颌面部无痛性肿物,可伴有皮肤瘙痒(50.0%)和色素沉着(12.5%)症状;血象中存在嗜酸性粒细胞百分比增高(87.5%)和绝对值增高(81.2%)现象;B超、CT、MRI等影像学检查无特异性表现;术前误诊率为62.5%;手术切除、放射治疗、激素治疗及综合治疗均对Kimura病有效,但复发率为18.7%。结论 Kimura病是一种罕见的慢性炎症性病变,临床表现无特异性,易误诊;血象中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比和绝对值增高有辅助诊断作用。治疗手段主要有:手术治疗、放射治疗、激素治疗及综合治疗,但有一定复发率。
[关键词] Kimura病;颌面部;诊断;治疗
[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)02(c)-0070-03
Clinical Analysis of 16 Cases with Kimura Disease in Maxillofacial Region
SHI Wei-ping
Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052 China
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment plan of Kimura disease in maxillofacial region in order to improve the clinical physicians awareness of disease and reduce the misdiagnosis. Methods The clinical data, adjunctive examination results, treatment plan and prognosis of 16 cases of patients with Kimura disease in our hospital from September 2011 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There was no painless mas in the maxillofacial region in the 16 cases, and 50.0 percent of them were with itch of skin and 12.5 percent of them were with chromatosis, and 87.5 percent of them had the eosinophile granulocyte increase and absolute value increase(81.2%), and there was no specificity of the B ultrasound, CT and MRI imaging examination, and the preoperative misdiagnosed rate was 62.5%, and the operative resection, radiation treatment, hormone treatment and comprehensive treatment is effective for the Kimura disease, but the recurrence rate was 18.7%. Conclusion Kimura disease is a rare chronic inflammation disease, and there is no specificity of the clinical manifestations, and the increase of eosinophile granulocyte percentage and absolute value is of the adjunctive and diagnostic value, and the major treatment means include the operation treatment, radiation treatment, hormone treatment and comprehensive treatment, but there is a certain recurrence rate.
[Key words] Kimura disease; Maxillofacial region; Diagnosis; Treatment
Kimura病在國内称为嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿(eosinophilic lymphofollicular granuloma,ELG),国际上通常称为木村病(kimura disease,KD)。该病是一种罕见的慢性炎症性疾病,好发于亚洲青壮年男性[1],以日本、中国、越南多见,可发生于任何年龄段,20~40岁为高峰年龄,男女患病比为3.5~7:1[2-3]。其临床表现无特异性,容易误诊,有报道KD误诊率达76%[4]。故该研究回顾性分析该院口腔颌面外科2011年9月—2014年1月诊治的16例KD患者的临床资料,以提高对该病的认识,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
16例患者均以颌面部无痛性肿块就诊,15例男性,1例女性;年龄15~68岁,中位年龄50岁;病程1周~40年。初诊被误诊为唾液腺肿瘤(6例)、颌下腺炎(2例)、皮下良性肿瘤(2例)。
1.2 方法
通过查阅病历资料,剔除失访患者,总共调取16例KD患者的临床资料,回顾性分析临床表现、辅助检查结果、治疗方案;通过临床复诊及电话随访等手段了解患者的预后情况。
2 结果
2.1 临床表现
16例患者均表现为颌面部无痛性肿物,发作部位分别位于腮腺区(9例)、颊部(3例)、颌下区(2例)、耳后(1例)、颧部(1例)、眼眶外侧(1例);其中多部位发作6例(37.5%),伴有皮肤瘙痒8例(50.0%)、色素沉着2例(12.5%);2例患者同时伴有肾炎(12.5%)。
2.2 辅助检查
血常规检查结果:14例嗜酸性粒细胞百分比增高(87.5%),13例嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值增高(81.3%)。11份多普勒超声检查结果均为内部回声不均的低回声结节,与血管瘤、炎性病变、腮腺混合瘤、腺淋巴瘤等表现相似。7份CT检查报告提示病变为多发结节状软组织密度影,增强后软组织影轻中度强化。9例磁共振检查报告提示病灶形态不规则,均为长T1长T2信号影。CT和MRI报告均提示为炎性病变、腺淋巴瘤、混合瘤、血管瘤、淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤。
2.3 诊断、治疗以及预后
术前明确诊断为Kimura病仅6例,误诊率为62.5%。随访2~5年,11例采用手术治疗,1例复发(9.1%),1例对侧新发(9.1%);2例激素治疗,1例复发(50.0%);1例放疗,无复发;2例手术联合放疗,均无复发。总复发率为18.7%。
3 讨论
KD的病因及发病机制仍未明确,Kimura提出其为出现于皮下组织、唾液腺及淋巴结的一种慢性感染状态。KD病程较长,可数月至数十年,该组最长病程达40年。KD主要发生于颌面部的皮下软组织内,单发或多发,多发者往往两侧对称;少数可发生于腋窝、腹股沟、腘窝等处;也有报道发生于骨骼、会厌部[5-6]。该组多发者达37.5%。KD常常伴有皮膚瘙痒和色素沉着症状,该组发生率分别为50.0%和12.5%。特别要注意的是,KD虽为良性病变,但常合并有泌尿系统疾病,多数为肾病综合征[7],也可合并消化、心血管、呼吸等系统疾病。该组2例患者合并有肾病,因此在诊断为KD后要检查肾功能是否有异常,同时排除其它系统疾病。
通过上述血常规检查结果可以看出,大部分KD患者血清中嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值和百分比偏高,提示该检查结果可以作为诊断的参考依据。有报道发现血清嗜酸性粒细胞数量与KD病灶的大小呈正相关性,可以作为衡量疾病活动程度的一项指标[8]。多普勒超声、CT、MRI检查均无明显特异性,且易与血管瘤、炎性病变、腮腺混合瘤、淋巴瘤等相混淆,只能作为手术参考、评判疗效及预后的手段。因此术前误诊率较高,该组高达62.5%。
目前,KD暂无标准的治疗方案,其治疗手段主要有手术切除、放疗及激素治疗,最近有报道冷冻疗法及IgE抗体疗法也取得一定疗效[9-10]。该组单纯手术切除的复发率为9.1%,但是由于KD常多部位前后发作,因此会有新发病灶,该组1例患者术后有新发病灶。KD对放疗敏感,该组1例放疗患者术后无复发。有报道指出即使放疗后复发,通过再次放疗仍有效[11],但是临床上很多患者因该病为无痛性的良性肿物,担心放疗后的多种不良反应,故不愿意选择放射治疗。该组2例激素治疗患者,1例患者复发,说明激素治疗有效,但易复发,有学者报道单纯激素治疗复发率达45.8%[12]。由于长期服用激素可能会出现多种不良反应,因此不建议单独激素治疗。2例手术联合放疗患者随访3年后均无复发,治疗效果良好。有临床研究证明,手术联合激素治疗或小剂量放疗可以提高KD治愈率[13],因此临床医师可以选择综合治疗来获得一个良好稳定的治疗效果。陈旭艳等[14]报道了1例KD演变为非霍奇金淋巴瘤的病例,庄万传等[15]报道了2例KD转变为淋巴瘤的病例,故临床医师要做好定期随访工作。
综上所述,当遇到以颌面部无痛性渐进性增大肿物为主诉的患者,临床医师可以通过皮肤瘙痒和色素沉着等症状是否伴随、嗜酸性粒细胞数量是否升高来辅助诊断KD。B超、CT、MRI等影像学检查虽无特异性,但可以作为术中探查病变范围的依据以及评判治疗效果的辅助手段。治疗方面,对于浅表且单一肿块建议选择手术或放射治疗,对于深在或多发肿块建议选择手术联合激素或放疗,但有一定的复发率。
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(收稿日期:2016-11-21)