王万虹,史 波,丁 浩,周 浩,张荣林
·论著·
中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征的关系研究
王万虹,史 波,丁 浩,周 浩,张荣林
目的 探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)的关系。方法 选取2011年5月—2014年8月南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心内科收治的NSTE-ACS患者126例,根据NLR分为低危组(NLR≤2.6)38例、中危组(2.6
冠心病;淋巴细胞;中性粒细胞;预后
王万虹,史波,丁浩,等.中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征的关系研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2016,24(10):11-14,18.[www.syxnf.net]
WANG W H,SHI B,DING H,et al.Relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(10):11-14,18.
急性冠脉综合征是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定导致急性血栓形成,最终造成局部血管闭塞不通的临床综合征,临床上以非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)为主。大量研究表明,炎性反应在急性冠脉综合征的发生发展中具有重要作用,白细胞计数与冠状动脉疾病患者的预后关系密切[1-3]。淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞是机体主要的炎性细胞,研究发现,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)作为新的炎性指标,与冠心病患者病情进展、支架置入后心源性死亡发生风险、急性冠脉综合征远期病死率等密切相关[4-5]。目前,有关NLR对NSTE-ACS患者预后影响的研究报道较少。本研究旨在分析NLR与NSTE-ACS的关系,现报道如下。
1.1 一般资料 选取2011年5月—2014年8月南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心内科收治的NSTE-ACS患者126例。纳入标准:(1)年龄18~60岁;(2)符合2007年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA)发布的NSTE-ACS诊断和治疗指南中NSTE-ACS的诊断标准[6];(3)冠状动脉造影示至少有1支冠状动脉狭窄>50%。排除标准:(1)确诊为稳定型心绞痛或ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者;(2)存在急性感染、自身免疫性疾病、血液疾病、脑血管疾病及肿瘤患者;(3)存在严重肝、肾功能不全患者;(4)近期使用过类固醇类药物患者;(5)近3个月内行心脏外科或介入术患者。根据NLR将所有患者分为低危组(NLR≤2.6)38例、中危组(2.6
1.2 资料收集方法
1.2.1 临床资料 收集所有患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、糖尿病发生情况、高血压发生情况、心率(HR)。糖尿病:空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L或餐后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L;高血压:未应用降压药物情况下,收缩压≥140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和/或舒张压≥90 mm Hg。
1.2.2 实验室检查 采集患者清晨空腹静脉血5 ml,3 000 r/min离心4 min,取血清待测,采用罗氏cobas 8000全自动生化分析仪检测总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、肌酐、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肌钙蛋白I水平;采用日本SYSMEX XS-800i全自动血液分析仪测算NLR。
1.2.3 冠状动脉病变程度 心功能分级[6]:Ⅰ级:患者有心脏病,但体力活动不受限;Ⅱ级(轻度心力衰竭):患者体力活动轻度受限,休息时无自觉症状;Ⅲ级(中度心力衰竭):患者体力活动明显受限,休息时无症状,轻于平时一般体力活动即引起症状;Ⅳ级(重度心力衰竭):不能从事任何体力活动,休息时亦有心力衰竭症状,体力活动后加重。根据冠状动脉造影检查结果,采用SYNTAX评分评估患者冠状动脉病变程度:0~22分为轻度,23~32分为中度,≥33分为重度[7];采用全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分评估患者预后[8]。
2.1 一般资料 3组患者性别、糖尿病发生率及TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、肌酐、CRP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者年龄、高血压发生率、HR、肌钙蛋白I、心功能分级、SYNTAX评分、GRACE评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1)。
2.2 单因素logistic回归分析 根据临床经验将上述指标中可能对NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度有影响的指标纳入单因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄、高血压、NLR、心功能分级可能是NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响因素(P<0.05,见表2)。
2.3 多因素logistic回归分析 依据单因素logistic回归分析结果,将有统计学差异的指标〔年龄(赋值:实测值)、高血压(赋值:无=0,有=1)、NLR(赋值:低危=1,中危=2,高危=3)、心功能分级(赋值:Ⅰ级=1,Ⅱ级=2,Ⅲ级=3,Ⅳ级=4)〕作为自变量,以NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度(赋值:轻度=0,中度=1,重度=2)作为因变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄、高血压、NLR、心功能分级是NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响因素(P<0.05,见表3)。
表2 NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度影响因素的单因素logistic回归分析
表3 NSTE-ACS例患者冠状动脉病变严重程度影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析
表1 3组患者一般资料比较
2.4 相关性分析 Pearson相关性分析结果显示,NLR与SYNTAX评分和GRACE评分呈正相关(r值分别为0.543、0.495,P<0.05)。
2.5 ROC曲线 NLR预测NSTE-ACS患者预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.669〔95%CI(0.577,0.761)〕,当其为3.14时,灵敏度为53.0%,特异度为71.5%(见图1)。
图1 NLR预测NSTE-ACS患者预后的ROC曲线
目前,NSTE-ACS的发病机制尚未完全明确,由于患者临床症状常不典型,心电图无特异性表现,导致患者发生严重心血管不良事件的概率明显升高,故评估NSTE-ACS患者病变严重程度、选择最佳的治疗方案对降低患者复发率及病死率具有重要意义。近年来,随着临床对炎性反应在冠心病发生、发展过程中作用的深入研究,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞逐渐受到临床重视。
研究表明,白细胞计数与NSTE-ACS患者病情进展有关[9]。当机体发生严重应激反应时,肾上腺分泌的皮质醇水平增加,皮质醇具有调节白细胞的功能,可明显升高中性粒细胞水平,降低淋巴细胞水平[10]。OMMEN等[11]研究发现,淋巴细胞分数降低可作为预测重症心力衰竭患者生存率的重要指标。NLR是评估急性冠脉综合征患者预后的重要指标,其可预测心血管不良事件的发生[12]。目前,有关NLR对NSTE-ACS患者预后影响的研究报道较少。中性粒细胞主要参与非特异性炎性反应,可分泌多种炎性递质,造成冠状动脉内皮细胞损伤,进而加重心肌细胞损伤[13]。淋巴细胞主要参与机体免疫调节过程,临床工作中发现NSTE-ACS患者的淋巴细胞分数呈不同程度下降,可能与内源性皮质醇升高介导的应激反应有关[14-15]。NLR是中心粒细胞与淋巴细胞整合的单一预测风险因子,其可能是NSTE-ACS患者预后的重要预测指标。SYNTAX评分是一种精确量化的客观评价指标,可用于评价冠状动脉病变严重程度,还可预测冠心病患者预后。ACC/AHA最新发布的NSTE-ACS治疗指南中推荐采用GRACE评分评估NSTE-ACS患者预后。
本研究结果显示,3组患者性别、糖尿病发生率、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、肌酐、CRP间无差异,3组患者年龄、高血压发生率、HR、肌钙蛋白I、心功能分级、SYNTAX评分、GRACE评分间有差异;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、高血压、NLR、心功能分级是NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响因素;Pearson相关性分析结果显示,NLR与SYNTAX评分和GRACE评分呈正相关,与相关研究结果一致[16-17]。提示NLR可在一定程度上评估NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度及预测患者预后。
综上所述,NLR可在一定程度上评估NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度及预测患者预后,临床工作者可通过NLR细化NSTE-ACS患者的危险分层。但本研究样本量小,需扩大样本量进行多中心研究以进一步证实。
作者贡献:王万虹、史波进行实验设计与实施、资料收集整理、撰写论文、成文并对文章负责;丁浩、周浩进行实验实施、评估、资料收集;张荣林进行质量控制及审校。
本文无利益冲突。
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(本文编辑:李洁晨)
Relationship between Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Non ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
WANGWan-hong,SHIBo,DINGHao,ZHOUHao,ZHANGRong-lin.DepartmentofCardiology,SuqianPeople′sHospitalofNanjingGulouHospitalGroup,Suqian223800,China
ZHANGRong-lin,DepartmentofCardiology,SuqianPeople′sHospitalofNanjingGulouHospitalGroup,Suqian223800,China;E-mail:zhangronglin2004@hotmail.com
Objective To investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).Methods From May 2011 to August 2014,a total of 126 patients with NSTE-ACS were selected in the Department of Cardiology,Suqian People′s Hospital of Nanjing Gulou Hospital Group,and they were divided into A group(with NLR equal or below 2.6,n=38),B group(with NLR over 2.6 but equal or below 4.5,n=46)and C group(with NLR over 4.5,n=42)according to the NLR.Clinical data was collected,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted;correlations between NLR and SYNTAX score,GRACE score were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis;ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value on prognosis of patients with NSTE-ACS.Results No statistically significant differences of gender,positive rate of diabetes history,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,Cr or CRP was found among the three groups(P>0.05),while there were statistically significant differences of age,positive rate of hypertension history,HR,cTnI,cardiac functional grading,SYNTAX score,GRACE score(P<0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis results showed that,age〔OR=1.629,95%CI(1.071,2.409)〕,hypertension〔OR=1.212,95%CI(1.006,1.617)〕,NLR〔OR=1.340,95%CI(1.212,1.460)〕and cardiac functional grading〔OR=1.556,95%CI(1.229,2.083)〕were possible influencing factors of degree of coronary artery disease(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that,age〔OR=1.115,95%CI(1.057,1.175)〕,hypertension〔OR=1.019,95%CI(1.002,1.036)〕,NLR〔OR=1.182,95%CI(1.042,1.340)〕 and cardiac functional grading〔OR=1.627,95%CI(1.416,2.520)〕were influencing factors of degree of coronary artery disease(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,NLR was positively correlated with SYNTAX score and GRACE score,respectively(r=0.543,0.495;P<0.05).ROC curve showed that,the AUC of NLR in predicting the prognosis of patients with NSTE-ACS was 0.669〔95%CI(0.577,0.761)〕,when it was 3.14,the sensitivity was 53.0%,the specificity was 71.5%.Conclusion NLR can be used to evaluate the severity of coronary artery lesions and predict the prognosis of patients with NSTE-ACS to some extent.
Coronary disease;Lymphocytes;Neutrophil;Prognosis
江苏省宿迁市科技支撑计划项目(S201416)
223800江苏省宿迁市,南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心内科(王万虹,丁浩,周浩,张荣林);宿迁市中医院心内科(史波)
张荣林,223800江苏省宿迁市,南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心内科;E-mail:zhangronglin2004@hotmail.com
R 541.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.10.004
2016-06-11;
2016-09-20)
【编者按】 美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA) 颁布的非 ST 段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)诊治指南推荐对于疑似NSTE-ACS 患者应根据不良预后的可能性进行风险分层,以决定是否需要住院治疗并协助治疗方案的抉择(证据等级:B),因此,寻找简单、有效、准确的指标对NSTE-ACS患者进行危险分层并预测患者预后具有重要临床意义。王万虹等研究发现,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)可在一定程度上评估NSTE-ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度及预测患者预后,实用性较强,参考价值较高,敬请关注!