考研英语阅读理解浅析

杨波

摘 要： 考研英语阅读文章通常选自国外一些学术性较强的期刊及杂志，词汇量多且覆盖面广，包括教育、新闻、财经、法律、文化、生物等领域，需要考生博闻强记；阅读文章中还大量出现熟词生义的考点，要求考生在复习时有意识地归纳并总结英语高频词的一词多义及一词多性的用法。除此之外，阅读文章中长难句较多，涉及多种语法知识，同时正确理解段落内部及段与段之间的逻辑关系也是准确把握文章主题的必要条件。

关键词： 考研英语 阅读理解 词汇 逻辑关系

一、词汇

词汇量直接影响考研英语阅读的速度及准确性，在备考之初需做出详细的计划，除了每日定期背诵词汇外，还应利用有效的方法巧记单词：

1.常用的前后词缀。表否定含义的前缀：“ir”，“il”，“im”，“ab”，如regular，irregular；legal，illegal；mature，immature；normal，abnormal等。

2.形容词后缀：“al”，“ive”，able”，“culture，cultural；drink，drinkable；act，active；protect，protective等。

3.结合常用术语背记单词：如规则动词regular verb，可数名词 countable noun，银行职员banking professional，有影响力的人物，influential figure，新兴市场，emerging market等。

4.熟词生意：cell常用含义是“细胞”，生僻意思为“牢房”；climate常用含义为“气候”，生僻意思为“风尚”；mirror除了做名词用，表示“镜子”外，还可以用作动词“反映了”。

二、逻辑关系

一个段落里各句之间，各段之间存在一定的逻辑关系，即句与句之间、段与段之间在结构上和语义上的联系，这种关系通常借助连接词把上下文意思串联起来，了解这些连接词的用法有助于做出快速而准确的判断与选择。

1.并列关系：and，and also，as well as，furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，or，or else，alternatively，likewise，namely，in the same way，etc.

2.列举关系：and，then，first，to begin with，second，finally，eventually，in the end，etc.

This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First，consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”... Second，customers may be willing to buy a companys products... And third，through a more diffuse “halo effect”...

3.复现关系：主要通过原词、同义词、上下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现来体现这种句与句之间的逻辑关系。There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.More and more governments，... want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two，one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together... And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty.

4.转折关系：all the same，anyhow，as a matter of fact，yet，however，in fact，instead，nevertheless，on the contrary，still，though，incidentally，to change the subject，etc.

In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family，Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what make them proudest of their country，this has limited political support.

5.解释关系：in other words，namely，that is，thats to say，so to speak，mean，refer to，etc.

6.因果关系：for，because，due to，owing to，as a result of，result from，accordingly，consequently，hence，now，so，therefore，thus，as a result，in consequence，for that reason，etc.

7.例证关系：for example，for instance，take the case of，take…for example，a good case，consider，witness，such as，etc.

8.概括关系：in sum，in short，in brief，to conclude，to sum up，to summarize，in conclusion，therefore，in that case，overall，（all） in all，etc.

This，in brief，is what the futurist says：for a century，past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up... Consequently，our feelings，thoughts，and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.

9.通过词汇重复体现段落主题：Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomassof fish species in particular parts of the ocean，but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature，the biomass of large predators is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

综上所述，扩大英语词汇量、敏锐地找出文章内部及段与段之间的逻辑关系可以大大提高英语阅读速度及准确率，是考研英语的重要备考要素。