宫颈癌治疗后18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT检查与鳞状细胞癌抗原水平的关系研究

2016-11-09 00:37张召奇赵新明和玲燕
中国全科医学 2016年30期
关键词:鳞癌抗原阳性率

张召奇,赵新明,和玲燕



·论著·

宫颈癌治疗后18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT检查与鳞状细胞癌抗原水平的关系研究

张召奇,赵新明,和玲燕

背景18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT检查在宫颈癌治疗后血清鳞状细胞癌(SCC)抗原水平升高患者中具有重要应用价值。对于宫颈癌治疗后临床怀疑复发及转移但SCC抗原水平处于参考范围内的患者行18F-FDG PET/CT检查有无意义,以及宫颈癌治疗后,SCC抗原处于何种水平时适宜进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查可以得到理想的病灶检出率,尚未见相关报道。目的探讨宫颈癌治疗后患者SCC抗原居于何种水平时适宜进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查。方法回顾性分析2008年1月—2011年12月河北医科大学第四医院收治的78例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,均为SCC,并行根治性治疗(手术、手术+术后放疗、手术+术后化疗、手术+术后放化疗等),治疗后均进行了18F-FDG PET/CT检查和SCC抗原水平测定。依据18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果将患者分为PET/CT阳性组(62例)和PET/CT阴性组(16例)。依据SCC抗原水平将患者分成3组:<1.50 μg/L组(24例),1.50~6.00 μg/L组(31例),>6.00 μg/L组(23例)。本组入选患者18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果均经病理或随访结果证实。绘制SCC抗原水平预测18F-FDG PET/CT阳性的ROC曲线。结果PET/CT阳性组患者年龄、SCC抗原水平小于PET/CT阴性组(P<0.05)。<1.50 μg/L组、1.50~6.00 μg/L组、>6.00 μg/L组。18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率分别为66.7%、77.4%、95.7%,3组18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,>6.00 μg/L组18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率高于<1.50 μg/L组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组平均最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)分别为(4.9±2.9)、(6.3±3.2)、(6.4±2.4),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。通过ROC曲线分析,SCC 抗原水平预测18F-FDG PET/CT为阳性的最佳截断值为1.15 μg/L,此时,灵敏度为83.6%,特异度为47.1%,本组患者在该截断值18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率为86.7%。结论18F-FDG PET/CT检查在SCC 抗原水平较低时即可发现宫颈鳞癌复发及转移,患者SCC抗原水平升高时18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率升高,当SCC抗原水平升至1.15 μg/L以上时,适宜通过18F-FDG PET/CT检查进行确诊。

宫颈肿瘤;断层摄影术,螺旋计算机;氟脱氧葡萄糖F18;癌,鳞状细胞

张召奇,赵新明,和玲燕.宫颈癌治疗后18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT检查与鳞状细胞癌抗原水平的关系研究[J].中国全科医学,2016,19(30):3667-3671.[www.chinagp.net]

ZHANG Z Q,ZHAO X M,HE L Y.Relationship of18F-FDG PET/CT examination and squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels after cervical cancer treatment[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(30):3667-3671.

临床上80%的宫颈癌为鳞状细胞癌(SCC),血清SCC抗原是目前临床应用最广泛的探测宫颈鳞癌术后复发及转移的肿瘤标志物,在宫颈癌治疗随访中,SCC抗原水平升高与复发及转移密切相关[1]。

PET/CT检查综合了PET和CT的优势,一次扫描可同时得到解剖结构和功能信息,对病灶的定位、定性更为准确。18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT检查在宫颈癌诊断、分期、判断复发及转移、疗效评估、预后评估等方面具有重要应用价值[2-4],但由于18F-FDG PET/CT检查费用昂贵,患者经济负担较大,对于宫颈鳞癌治疗后患者何时需要进行该项检查尚未明确。

18F-FDG PET/CT检查在伴有SCC抗原水平升高患者中具有重要诊断价值[5],对于宫颈鳞癌治疗后患者,临床怀疑存在复发及转移病灶,但SCC抗原处于参考范围内时18F-FDG PET/CT检查有无意义,以及SCC抗原究竟处于何种水平时进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查可以获得理想的病灶检出率等方面尚未见相关报道。本研究旨在探讨宫颈鳞癌患者治疗后,当SCC抗原升高至何种水平时适宜进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以便使其在宫颈鳞癌治疗后随诊中发挥最佳诊断价值。

1 资料与方法

1.1临床资料回顾性选择2008年1月—2011年12月78例来自河北医科大学第四医院临床资料齐全的宫颈癌患者,年龄30~84岁,平均年龄(50.3±11.3)岁。均经病理证实为SCC,依照国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期,Ⅰa期1例,Ⅰb期13例,Ⅱa期10例,Ⅱb期17例,Ⅲa期 6例,Ⅲb期23例,Ⅳa期3例,Ⅳb期5例。患者原发灶均进行了根治性治疗(包括手术4例、手术+术后放疗7例、手术+术后化疗5例、手术+术后放化疗10例、放疗33例、化疗3例、放化疗16例)。

在宫颈癌患者行根治性治疗后每1~2个月检测1次SCC抗原水平,于末次治疗3~24个月后〔平均(6.8±3.6)个月〕进行18F-FDG PET/CT,本研究所选SCC抗原水平为18F-FDG PET/CT检查前2周内测定。随访时间1~2年,随访措施包括再次进行PET/CT检查、CT、MRI、超声及包括SCC抗原在内的血清肿瘤标志物等检查和治疗后临床疗效观察。

依据18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果将患者分为PET/CT阳性组(62例)和PET/CT阴性组(16例)。依据SCC抗原水平将患者分为:<1.50 μg/L组(24例),1.50~6.00 μg/L组(31例),>6.00 μg/L组(23例)。各组界值的选择依据所随访资料保证每组有足够人数而制定。

1.2方法1.2.1PET/CT检查显像仪及显像剂应用荷兰PHILIPS公司GEMINI GXL16 PET/CT显像仪。18F-FDG由北京原子高科股份有限公司提供,放化学纯度>95%。

1.2.2患者检查前准备患者检查前常规禁食6 h以上,测量患者的身高、体质量,空腹血糖控制在4.1~6.3 mmol/L。经手背静脉注入18F-FDG 370~555 MBq(10~15 mCi),安静休息50~60 min后行PET/CT检查。

1.2.3图像采集及重建条件患者双手抱头取仰卧位,扫描范围自颅底至股骨上段,首先使用螺旋CT进行透射扫描,采集条件为电压120 keV,电流160 mA,层厚5 mm,矩阵512×512,螺距0.813,球管单圈旋转时间0.5 s;PET图像利用3D模式采集,共采集8~10个床位,每个床位采集2.5 min。应用3D LOR重建算法对PET图像进行重建,并应用CT数据对PET图像进行衰减校正。CT图像重建采用标准重建法,重建层厚5 mm,PET图像重建层厚5 mm,间隔5 mm。利用校正后的PET图像与CT图像进行融合,可以得到冠状面、矢状面及横断面3个轴面融合图像。

1.2.418F-FDG PET/CT检查结果分析由2位主治级别以上的核医学医师共同阅片,宫颈癌治疗后宫颈(或阴道残端)及全身其他部位出现异常高代谢,排除生理性摄取后,诊断为复发及转移[2],即18F-FDG PET/CT阳性;记录其最大标准摄取值(SUVmax),18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果均通过病理及随访证实。

2 结果

2.118F-FDGPET/CT检查结果与SCC抗原水平之间的关系PET/CT阳性组患者年龄、SCC抗原水平小于PET/CT阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1)。16例患者18F-FDGPET/CT阳性,但SCC抗原水平低于1.5μg/L,占阳性患者的25.8%(16/62)。

2.2不同SCC抗原水平组18F-FDGPET/CT阳性率及SUVmax比较不同SCC抗原水平组18F-FDGPET/CT阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中,>6.00μg/L组18F-FDGPET/CT阳性率高于<1.50μg/L组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同SCC抗原水平组SUVmax比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表2)。

2.3ROC曲线分析SCC抗原水平预测18F-FDGPET/CT为阳性的ROC曲线下面积为0.74(见图1),最佳截断值为1.15μg/L,灵敏度为83.6%,特异度为47.1%。本研究患者中SCC抗原水平高于该截断值共60例,其中18F-FDGPET/CT阳性患者52例,在该截断值18F-FDGPET/CT阳性者占86.7%(52/60)。

Table 1Comparison of age and SCC antigen between positive and negative group of PET/CT

组别例数年龄(岁)SCC抗原水平(μg/L)PET/CT阳性组6252.3±11.38.25±10.40PET/CT阴性组1642.6±6.81.66±1.40t值4.327-4.819P值<0.01<0.01

注:SCC=鳞状细胞癌

表2不同SCC抗原水平组18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率及SUVmax比较

Table 2Comparison of positive rate of18F-FDG PET/CT and SUVmax in groups with different levels of SCC antigen

组别例数18F-FDGPET/CT阳性〔n(%)〕SUVmax(x±s)<1.50μg/L组2416(66.7)4.9±2.91.50~6.00μg/L组3124(77.4)6.3±3.2>6.00μg/L组2322(95.7)ab6.4±2.4χ2(F)值6.1872.040cP值0.0450.137

注:与<1.50 μg/L组比较,aP<0.05;与1.50~6.00 μg/L组比较,bP<0.05,c为F值;18F-FDG=18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖;SUVmasx=最大标准摄取值

图1 SCC抗原水平预测18F-FDG PET/CT阳性的ROC曲线

Figure 1ROC curve of prediction of SCC antigen on positive18F-FDG PET/CT

3 讨论

临床上宫颈癌患者随访中常用的影像学方法有CT或MRI等,其对病变的判断主要依据形态结构的改变,而宫颈癌患者术后盆腔内解剖结构发生改变,部分患者复发及转移灶常与周围瘢痕组织不易区分,有时很难检测到,在实际应用中有一定缺陷。CHOI等[6]通过Meta分析证实CT及MRI在宫颈癌淋巴结转移诊断中灵敏度较低,分别为50%和56%。18F-FDG PET/CT检查由于其灵敏度高,正逐步应用于宫颈癌诊断、分期、治疗疗效检测、复发及转移判断、预后评估等方面[7-9]。对于治疗后宫颈癌患者,当无明显临床症状而SCC抗原水平升高,且其他检查影像检查结果阴性时,18F-FDG PET/CT检查可发现许多形态结构变化不明显的恶性病灶,诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为85.7%~94.7%和86.7%~97.0%[5,10-12]。

SCC抗原水平在宫颈癌诊断、预后评估、随访、判断治疗效果等方面具有重要应用价值[13-15]。SCC抗原水平升高与宫颈癌肿瘤分期、肿块大小、局部侵犯、淋巴结转移等因素有关[16-17]。当宫颈癌患者治疗后出现复发及转移时,SCC抗原水平常会从较低水平持续升高。CHANG等[5]研究结果显示,当宫颈癌患者治疗后出现无法解释的SCC抗原水平升高时,18F-FDG PET检查可以很好地探测宫颈癌复发及转移。

3.118F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与SCC抗原水平之间的关系分析目前临床以SCC抗原水平高于1.50 μg/L为异常,治疗后复发或转移的宫颈癌患者SCC抗原水平一般会有不同程度的升高。值得注意的是,宫颈癌治疗后即使SCC抗原在较低水平时,也存在复发及转移的可能。本研究患者中有16例SCC抗原水平居于参考范围内(<1.50 μg/L),但18F-FDG PET/CT阳性,占阳性患者的25.8%,说明如果以SCC抗原水平1.50 μg/L为界值进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,将有约1/4阳性患者不能通过该检查及时诊断病变,以此抗原水平为标准应用于判断宫颈癌治疗后复发及转移率可能偏高。PET/CT阳性组患者SCC抗原水平明显高于PET/CT阴性组,说明两者在病变监测方面具有一致性,可联合应用于宫颈癌治疗后复发及转移的诊断。

3.2不同SCC抗原水平组18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率及SUVmax比较SCC抗原水平与宫颈鳞癌肿瘤负荷有关,宫颈鳞癌治疗后当出现复发及转移时,SCC抗原水平常会有不同程度升高。通过本研究可以发现,>6.0 μg/L组18F-FDG PET/CT检查对宫颈癌的诊断阳性率高于<1.50 μg/L和1.50~6.00 μg/L组。联合两种检查方法,可以从血清学和影像学角度综合判断宫颈鳞癌治疗后是否存在复发及转移,具有一定互补性。在宫颈鳞癌治疗后随访中,当SCC抗原水平异常升高时,应进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以便及时准确地发现病灶。

3.3SCC抗原水平预测18F-FDG PET/CT为阳性的ROC曲线分析本研究结果显示,利用SCC抗原水平预测18F-FDG PET/CT为阳性的最佳截断值为1.15 μg/L,此时灵敏度为83.6%。本研究78例患者总的18F-FDG PET/CT阳性率为79.5%(62/78),而位于该截断值以上患者中18F-FDG PET/CT检查的阳性者占86.7% (52/60),说明在宫颈癌患者治疗随访中SCC抗原水平达到1.15 μg/L时,适宜进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,与SCC抗原水平标准1.50 μg/L相比,可使更多患者及时通过18F-FDG PET/CT检查发现病灶,从而得到及时治疗。

综上所述,根据本研究结果,SCC抗原和18F-FDG PET/CT检查可联合应用于宫颈鳞癌治疗后复发及转移监测中,且18F-FDG PET/CT检查可以在SCC抗原水平较低时也有阳性发现,对于宫颈癌经过根治性治疗后临床怀疑出现复发及转移的患者,当SCC抗原水平升高至1.15 μg/L时,即可进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查。

作者贡献:张召奇、赵新明进行试验设计与实施、资料收集整理、撰写论文、成文并对文章负责;和玲燕进行质量控制及审校。

本文无利益冲突。

本文不足与创新点:

(1)本研究不足之处为样本例数偏少,尤其是18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT检查为阴性的患者,PET/CT阳性组与PET/CT阴性组患者例数差偏大。作为回顾性研究,患者治疗后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查的时间不统一,跨度偏大,患者的临床分期和治疗方法也不尽相同。

(2)本研究的创新之处在于既往相关研究主要集中在单独利用18F-FDG PET/CT检查及SCC抗原水平,或18F-FDG PET/CT检查在SCC抗原水平升高的宫颈癌患者治疗后随访中的临床应用价值,本研究分析了宫颈癌治疗后包括参考值在内的较大范围SCC抗原水平与18F-FDG PET/CT检查在判断复发及转移中的关系,确立了两者联合应用时依据SCC抗原水平决定适宜进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查的最佳截断值。

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(本文编辑:赵跃翠)

Relationship of18F-FDG PET/CT Examination and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Levels after Cervical Cancer Treatment

ZHANGZhao-qi,ZHAOXin-ming,HELing-yan.

DepartmentofNuclearMedicine,FourthHospitalofHebeiMedicalUniversity,Shijiazhuang050011,China

Correspondingauthor:ZHAOXin-ming,DepartmentofNuclearMedicine,FourthHospitalofHebeiMedicalUniversity,Shijiazhuang050011,China;E-mail:xinm_zhao@163.com

Background18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT has an important application value in patients with elevated serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen level after cervical cancer treatment.Relevant reports about whether there is significance of18F-FDG PET/CT examination in normal antigen level of SCC patients with clinically suspected recurrence or metastasis after cervical cancer treatment,and reports about in what level of SCC antigens is suitable for18F-FDG PET/CT examination to get ideal lesion detection rate have not been seen yet.ObjectiveTo investigate the suitable level of SCC antigen for18F-FDG PET/CT examination in patients with cervical cancer after treatment.MethodsClinical data of 78 patients with cervical cancer who received treatment in Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2008 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All the subjects were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma.Radical treatment (surgery,surgery + postoperative radiotherapy,surgery + postoperative chemotherapy,surgery+postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy) was carried out and after treatment examination of18F-FDG PET/CT and detection of SCC antigen levels were made.According to result of18F-FDG PET/CT, patients were divided into positive PET/CT group (62 cases) and negative PET/CT group (16 cases).According to SCC antigen levels,patients were divided into three groups:antigen level <1.50 μg/L group,antigen level between 1.50 and 6.00 μg/L group(31 case),and antigen level >6.00 μg/L group(23 case).The18F-FDG PET/CT examination results of the included patients were verified by pathology and follow-up results.SCC antigen level was drawn to predict ROC curve of positive18F-FDG PET/CT.ResultsThe age and SCC antigen level of positive PET/CT group were lower than those of negative PET/CT group (P<0.05). The positive rate of18F-FDG PET/CT antigen level <1.50 μg/L group, antigen level between 1.50 and 6.00 μg/L group, antigen level >6.00 μg/L group were 66.7 %,77.4% and 95.7% respectively.There was significant difference in the positive rate of18F-FDG PET/CT among three groups (P<0.05);the positive rate of18F-FDG PET/CT in antigen level >6.00 μg/L group was significantly higher than that of antigen level <1.50 μg/L group (P<0.05).The average standard uptake value max (SUVmax) of three groups was (4.9±2.9),(6.3±3.2) and (6.4±2.4) (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in SUVmax among three groups.By ROC analysis,the optimal cut-off value of the prediction of SCC antigen level on positive18F-FDG PET/CT was 1.15 μg/L,and at this moment the sensitivity and specificity was 83.6% and 47.1% respectively.The positive rate of18F-FDG PET/CT of patients with this cutoff value was 86.7%.ConclusionRecurrence and metastasis in cervical cancer can be found by18F-FDG PET/CT when SCC antigen level is relatively low.The positive rate of18F-FDG PET/CT increases with the SCC antigen level.It is suitable for diagnosis by18F-FDG PET/CT examination when SCC antigen level reaches over 1.15 μg/L.

Uterine cervical neoplasms;Tomography,helical computed;Fluorodeoxyglucose F18;Carcinoma,squamous cell

河北省普通高等学校强势特色学科肿瘤学组课题(冀教高[2005]52);河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划(ZD20140350)

050011河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第四医院核医学科

赵新明,050011河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第四医院核医学科;E-mail:xinm_zhao@163.com

R 737.33

A

10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.30.005

2016-02-20;

2016-07-10)

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