哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平变化及其临床意义

2016-11-08 10:40任少敏
实用心脑肺血管病杂志 2016年9期
关键词:脐带血白介素炎性

马 超,任少敏



·诊治分析·

哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平变化及其临床意义

马 超,任少敏

目的分析哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平变化及其临床意义。方法选取2012—2015年内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的哮喘孕妇60例作为研究组,另选取同期内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的健康孕妇60例作为对照组。比较两组新生儿脐带血炎性因子〔白介素18、白介素5、白介素10、白介素1、白介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)〕水平、新生儿哮喘发生情况及研究组哮喘新生儿与无哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平。结果研究组新生儿脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平高于对照组,脐带血白介素10水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组新生儿哮喘发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组哮喘新生儿脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平高于无哮喘新生儿,脐带血白介素10水平低于无哮喘新生儿(P<0.05)。结论哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平较高,早期检测新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平并采取有针对性的干预措施有助于减少新生儿哮喘的发生。

哮喘;婴儿,新生;胎血;炎性因子

马超,任少敏.哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平变化及其临床意义[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2016,24(9):81-83.[www.syxnf.net]

MA C,REN S M.Change and clinical significance of umbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines levels in neonates with asthma[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(9):81-83.

世界范围内,新生儿哮喘的发病率均较高[1],其受环境和遗传因素影响[2]。环境因素主要包括病毒、细菌感染,而遗传因素在新生儿哮喘中的作用机制尚不明确。MENDOLA等[2]研究表明,新生儿哮喘与产妇哮喘关系密切。新生儿父母一方有哮喘病史,则新生儿哮喘发病率是正常新生儿的3倍;若父母双方均有哮喘病史,则新生儿哮喘的发病率是正常新生儿的10倍。新生儿哮喘是成人哮喘的主要危险因素[3]。哮喘严重影响患者的生活质量,增加了社会的经济负担[4-5]。有研究表明,哮喘患者体内炎性因子(白介素1、白介素6等)水平异常[6-9]。脐带是胎儿获取营养的主要途径,故推测异常水平的炎性因子可通过脐带血而作用于胎儿,导致新生儿哮喘,但目前相关研究较少。本研究旨在分析哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平变化及其临床意义,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1纳入与排除标准

1.1.1研究组纳入标准:(1)足月分娩;(2)有哮喘;(3)自愿参与本研究;(4)分娩时哮喘处于缓解期;(5)年龄20~35岁。排除标准:(1)妊娠期间使用糖皮质激素者;(2)有原发性脏器功能不全者;(3)有妊娠性高血压疾病者;(4)有子痫者;(5)有继发性心功能不全者;(6)有其他慢性炎性疾病者;(7)有糖尿病、高血压或高脂血症病史者;(8)随访期间失访者。

1.1.2对照组纳入标准:(1)足月分娩;(2)自愿参与本研究;(3)年龄20~35岁。排除随访期间失访者。

1.2一般资料选取2012—2015年内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的哮喘孕妇60例作为研究组,另选取同期内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的健康孕妇60例作为对照组。研究组孕妇年龄21~35岁,平均年龄(29.4±6.4)岁;配偶有哮喘病史者5例;胎龄37~42周,平均胎龄(38.6±0.8)周;剖宫产14例,自然分娩46例。对照组孕妇年龄22~35岁,平均年龄(29.0±6.0);配偶有哮喘病史者4例;胎龄37~42周,平均胎龄(38.8±0.8)周;剖宫产12例,自然分娩48例。两组孕妇年龄(t=0.274)、配偶哮喘病史者所占比例(χ2=0.000)、胎龄(t=0.158)、分娩方式(χ2=0.196)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有孕妇签署知情同意书,本研究经医院伦理委员会审核批准。

1.3哮喘的诊断标准(1)反复发作性喘息、呼吸困难、胸闷或咳嗽;(2)哮喘发作时双肺可闻及散在或弥漫性以呼气相为主的哮鸣音,呼气相变长;(3)治疗后可完全缓解或自行缓解;(4)排除其他疾病引起的喘息、胸闷或咳嗽;(5)上述症状不典型者具备以下1项即可诊断:①支气管激发试验或运动试验阳性,②支气管扩张试验阳性,③最大呼气流量(PEF)日内变异率或昼夜波动率≥20%。

1.4观察指标比较两组新生儿脐带血炎性因子〔白介素18、白介素5、白介素10、白介素1、白介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)〕水平、新生儿哮喘发生情况及研究组哮喘新生儿与无哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平。

1.5检测方法采集脐带血5 ml,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素10、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平,试剂盒购自中国武汉博士德生物工程有限公司。

2 结果

2.1两组新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平比较研究组新生儿脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平高于对照组,脐带血白介素10水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、见表1)。

2.2两组新生儿哮喘发生率比较研究组新生儿出现哮喘6例(10%);对照组新生儿无一例出现哮喘。研究组新生儿哮喘发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.386,P=0.027)。

2.3研究组哮喘新生儿与无哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平比较研究组哮喘新生儿脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平高于无哮喘新生儿,脐带血白介素10水平低于无哮喘新生儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。

Table 1Comparison of umbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines levels of neonates between the two groups

组别例数白介素18白介素5白介素10白介素1白介素6TNF-α对照组60277.3±92.8106.7±13.529.7±6.676.0±18.285.9±19.781.0±19.8研究组60497.2±112.9151.4±24.519.5±5.5119.6±25.6112.4±27.2116.5±30.6t值11.65612.3949.20210.7576.1267.551P值0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

注:TNF-α=肿瘤坏死因子α

Table 2Comparison of umbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines levels in neonates with asthma and without asthma

组别例数白介素18白介素5白介素10白介素1白介素6TNF-α哮喘新生儿6618.2±108.3171.2±27.117.5±0.6143.0±16.4137.5±31.1143.7±21.3无哮喘新生儿54483.7±106.0117.0±25.219.0±4.6117.0±25.2109.6±25.6113.4±30.1t值2.9432.1452.2232.4632.4862.388P值0.0050.0360.0350.0170.0160.020

3 讨论

哮喘是一种慢性气道炎性疾病,炎症在哮喘的发生、发展中起关键作用。哮喘的发病包括3个阶段,即诱导期、速发相哮喘反应和迟发相哮喘反应,均有不同炎性细胞和特异性炎性细胞因子的参与[10-12]。免疫功能失调导致的气道慢性炎症是引发新生儿哮喘的主要病因,其可由病毒或细菌感染引起,主要病理表现为气道黏膜水肿及嗜酸粒细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润,分泌物增多并含有大量炎性细胞和炎性因子,导致广泛性的细小支气管管腔狭窄或闭塞,最终导致新生儿哮喘。

白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6和TNF-α均是促进炎症发展的炎性因子[13-14],上述炎性因子水平升高提示哮喘孕妇脐带血炎性因子水平增加;白介素10是一种抑炎因子,其水平降低提示机体抑制炎症的功能减弱[15-16]。有研究表明,哮喘患者白介素10水平降低可导致炎性因子过度表达,最终引发长期慢性气道炎症[17]。白介素10可有效抑制过敏原诱发的炎性反应,其是T辅助细胞的反应调节剂,可促进T细胞向抑制炎性反应的Th1辅助细胞转化[18-19]。新生儿促炎因子水平增高而抑炎因子水平降低,表明哮喘孕妇脐带血炎性因子水平升高。

本研究结果显示,研究组新生儿脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平高于对照组,脐带血白介素10水平低于对照组;研究组新生儿哮喘发生率高于对照组;研究组哮喘新生儿脐带血白介素18、白介素5、白介素1、白介素6、TNF-α水平高于无哮喘新生儿,脐带血白介素10水平低于无哮喘新生儿。提示孕妇哮喘是新生儿哮喘的危险因素,哮喘孕妇脐带血炎性因子水平升高可导致新生儿哮喘。覃萍等[20]研究表明,哮喘孕妇新生儿脐带血白介素5水平高于健康孕妇(P<0.05)。

综上所述,哮喘新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平较高,早期检测新生儿脐带血炎性因子水平并采取有针对性的干预措施有助于减少新生儿哮喘的发生。但本研究仅为观察性研究,不能完全明确脐带血炎性因子水平升高在新生儿哮喘中的作用,有待进一步研究证实。

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(本文编辑:李洁晨)

Change and Clinical Significance of Umbilical Cord Blood Inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Neonates with Asthma

MAChao,RENShao-min.

DepartmentofPediatrics,theAffiliatedHospitalofInnerMongoliaMedicalUniversity,Hohhot010050,China

RENShao-min,DepartmentofPediatrics,theAffiliatedHospitalofInnerMongoliaMedicalUniversity,Hohhot010050,China;E-mail:renshaomin722@126.com

Objective To analyze the change and clinical significance of umbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines levels in neonates with asthma.MethodsA total of 60 pregnant women with asthma were selected as study group in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from 2012 to 2015,a total of 60 healthy pregnant women were selected as control group at the same time.Umbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines(including IL-18,IL-5,IL-10,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α)levels were compared between the two groups,in neonates with asthma and without asthma,and incidence of asthma was compared between the two groups,too.ResultsUmbilical cord blood levels of IL-18,IL-5,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α of neonates of study group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group,while umbilical cord blood IL-10 level of neonates of study group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The incidence of asthma of neonates of study group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Of study group,umbilical cord blood levels of IL-18,IL-5,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α of neonates with asthma were statistically significantly higher than those of neonates without asthma,while umbilical cord blood IL-10 level of neonates with asthma was statistically significantly lower than that of neonates without asthma(P<0.05).ConclusionUmbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines levels of neonates with asthma are significantly elevated,early detection of umbilical cord blood inflammatory cytokines levels of neonates and carrying out targeted intervention measures are helpful to reduce the incidence of asthma.

Asthma;Infant,newborn;Fetal blood;Inflammatory factor

内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2012MS1120)

010050内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市,内蒙古医科大学附属医院儿科

任少敏,010050内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市,内蒙古医科大学附属医院儿科;E-mail:renshaomin722@126.com

R 562.25

B

10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.09.021

2016-05-05;

2016-08-20)

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