陈晓华 曹小龙 黎秀月 何静彩 张晓娜 罗荣城
Hsa⁃miR⁃21的生物学信息分析
陈晓华曹小龙1黎秀月1何静彩2张晓娜2罗荣城2
[摘要]目的对hsa⁃microRNA⁃21(hsa⁃miR⁃21)的生物学信息进行分析。方法运用OMIM、UCSC、Ensembl及pantherdb在线软件分析hsa⁃miR⁃21在人类基因组中的位置及其序列,同时采用9种靶基因分析软件对其靶基因进行预测分析。结果hsa⁃miR⁃21定位于人17号染色体59 841 266~59 841 337,共预测5 203个靶基因,其中为DIANA⁃microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同预测的靶基因有15个。结论hsa⁃miR⁃21在多种疾病及肿瘤中发挥重要作用,其生物学信息预示可能成为肿瘤治疗的新靶标。
[关键词]微小RNA;hsa⁃miR⁃21;肿瘤;生物学信息
作者单位:1.广州市番禺区中心医院肿瘤科,广州市番禺区肿瘤研究所,广东,广州511400
2.南方医科大学中西医结合医院,广东,广州510200
miRNA(microRNA)是广泛存在的大小约为21个~25个碱基的非编码微小RNA,通过与靶基因的3′⁃非翻译区(3′⁃untranslated Regions,3′⁃UTR)区完全或不完全互补结合,引起靶基因mRNA降解或翻译抑制,从而发挥负性调控作用。以往的研究表明miRNA与细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡、基因调控及疾病发生,尤其是肿瘤的发生发展密切相关[1-6]。hsa⁃miR⁃21是目前发现的唯一一种在多种实体瘤(如肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、头颈部肿瘤等)及非实体瘤(如慢性淋巴细胞白血病、B细胞淋巴瘤等)过表达的miRNA,可能与多种恶性肿瘤的生长、侵袭、转移等密切相关[7-8]。由于miRNA的生物学特性及其在多种疾病中的作用为国内外学者所发现,近年来miRNA的生物信息学分析日渐成为研究热点,但hsa⁃miR⁃21的生物学信息目前研究仍较少。本研究通过多种生物学软件对hsa⁃miR⁃21进行生物学信息分析,以期进一步明确hsa⁃miR⁃21的靶基因及其调控作用。
1.1hsa⁃miR⁃21基因组信息分析
基因组信息分析用软件及相关数据库:OMIM(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim),Ensem⁃ble(http://asia.ensembl.org),UCSC(http://genome. ucsc.edu),Panther(http://www.pantherdb.org/)。
1.2hsa⁃miR⁃21靶基因预测
靶基因预测用9种主流软件:DIANA⁃microT (http://diana.imis.athena⁃innovation.gr/DianaTools),miRnada(http://www.microrna.org),miRDB(http:// www.mirdb.org/miRDB/), miRwalk(http://www. umm.uni⁃heidelberg.de/apps/zmf/mirwalk/),RNAhy⁃brid(http://bibiserv.techfak.uni⁃bielefeld.de/rnahy⁃brid), PiTar(http://pictar.bio.nyu.edu/), PITA(http:// gene.weizmann.ac.il/pubs/mir07/mir07_data.html)
RNA22(http://cbcsrv.watson.ibm.com/rna22.html)及TargetScan(http://www.targetscan.org)。
2.1hsa⁃miR⁃21基因组信息分析
采用上述4种在线数据库对hsa⁃miR⁃21进行分析,结果可见hsa⁃miR⁃21定位于人17号染色体59 841 266~59 841 337之间,长72 bp(见图1),其成熟单链RNA序列为5′⁃UAGCUUAUCAGACUG AUGUUGA⁃3′(hsa⁃miR⁃21⁃5p,MIMAT0000076),5′⁃CAACACCAGUCGAUGGGCUGU⁃3′(hsa⁃miR⁃21⁃3p MIMAT0004494)。
2.2hsa⁃miR⁃21基因序列保守性分析
采用UCSC数据库对hsa⁃miR⁃21进行基因保守性分析,结果可见,hsa⁃miR⁃21成熟序列在人、恒河猴、鼠、狗、大象、鸡等脊椎动物中高度保守(图2)。
2.3Hsa⁃miR⁃21靶基因分析
我们采用上述软件进行hsa⁃miR⁃21靶基因预测,其靶基因共有5 203个,其中为DIANA⁃microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同预测的靶基因有15个(表1)。同时,我们采用miRnada对靶基因的结合位点进行预测,结果见表2。
目前研究认为,miRNA能够通过与靶mRNA特异性的碱基配对而发挥对靶基因的调节作用,从而调控多种疾病及肿瘤的发生发展[1-6]。研究表明,miRNA与多种疾病及肿瘤的发生、转移、侵袭、上皮间质转化(epithelial⁃mesenchymal transi⁃tions,EMT)等密切相关[1-6,14]。比如:有学者[15]发现,miR⁃155可通过作用于RhoA来参与调节TGF⁃β诱导EMT的发生,并进一步促进肿瘤转移。人为敲除乳腺癌细胞中的miR⁃155能显著抑制TGF⁃B诱导的EMT发生,大大降低肿瘤细胞转移率;增加miR⁃155水平会减少RhoA蛋白的表达并使细胞间的紧密连接瓦解,促进肿瘤转移。
表1 DIANA⁃microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同预测的hsa⁃miR⁃21靶基因Table 1 The target gene predicted by the software of DIANA⁃microT,miRnada,miRwalk,PiTar and TargetScan
Hsa⁃miR⁃21是第一个在不同的细胞株中作为细胞调节抑制基因而被记录下来。目前研究表明,hsa⁃miR⁃21在肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、食管癌等实体肿瘤中均过表达,可能与多种实体瘤发生及侵润、转移相关[16-21]。Wang等[17]研究发现,hsa⁃miR⁃21在胃癌组织中的表达显著升高,并与患者总生存相关。Winther等[18]发现,hsa⁃miR⁃21在食管癌组织中表达亦显著升高,并且与疾病特异生存时间相关,随着hsa⁃ miR⁃21升高其疾病特异生存时间减少。Asangani等[19]发现结肠癌细胞系cob206 hsa⁃miR⁃21与PDCD4呈负相关,通过抑制PDCD4的表达影响肿瘤细胞的浸润转移。Meng[20]等发现hsa⁃miR⁃21是通过下调肝癌PTEN的表达,进而影响P13K通路而触发细胞增殖转移等恶性行为。Song等[21]认为,hsa⁃miR⁃21与乳腺癌TIPM3蛋白水平表达负相关,认为hsa⁃miR⁃21可能通过负调控其靶基因TIPM3来促进癌细胞的侵袭转移。
综上所述,miRNA是通过调控其靶基因发挥其调控作用,hsa⁃miR⁃21与多种肿瘤的发生密切相关,并通过调控相关的基因而发挥作用。因此,明确miRNA的生物学信息有着极为重要的意义。目前,研究证实靶基因预测软件对已知的miRNA靶基因有较好的预测敏感性和特异性,综合多种预测软件的靶基因交集对靶基因预测假阳性率较低。本研究中,我们采用多种靶基因预测软件对hsa⁃miR⁃21的生物学信息进行预测分析,发现hsa⁃miR⁃21定位于人17号染色体59 841 266~59 841 337,采用9种靶基因预测软件对hsa⁃miR⁃21的靶基因进行预测,共预测5 203个靶基因,其中为DIANA⁃microT、miRnada、miRwalk、PiTar、TargetScan共同预测的靶基因有15个(JAG1,MSH2,LUM,RA⁃SA1,KCNMB2,SMAD7,ELF2,WWP1,BRD1,NBEA,TRPM7,CHD7,C17orf39,PAN3,PDZD2),其中部分靶基因已有学者进行了验证。明确其靶基因将为hsa⁃miR⁃21成为新的肿瘤分子靶向治疗靶标提供更好的研发方向和依据。当然,hsa⁃miR⁃21在多种实体瘤中的具体作用及调控机制仍需多种研究手段进一步研究验证。
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论著
Analysis on biological information of hsa⁃miR⁃21
CHEN Xiaohua1,CAO Xiaolong1,LI Xiuyue1,HE Jingcai2,ZHANG Xiaona2,LUO Rongcheng2
(1. Department of Oncology,Panyu Central Hospital,Oocology Research Institute,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China 511400;2. Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Western Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China,510515)
[ABSTRACT]Objective To perform a biological information analysis for hsa⁃microRNA⁃21(hsa⁃miR⁃21) through a software approach. Methods OMIM, UCSC, Ensembl and pantherdb were used to predict the genome and location of hsa⁃miR⁃21 in human and nine target predicted softwares were used to predict the target genes. Results Hsa⁃miR⁃21 was located in chromosome 17 of the region between 59 841 266 to 59 841 337. There were 5 203 target genes predicted and fifteen of them were strongly predicted by the softwares of DIANA⁃microT, miRnada, miRwalk, PiTar, and Target Scan. Conclusion Hsa⁃miR⁃21 plays an important role in many disease and tumor and may become a new target in cancer treatment.
[KEY WORDS]MicroRNA;Hsa⁃miR⁃21;Tumor;Biological information
基金项目:广州市番禺区科技计划项目珠江新星专项(2013⁃专15⁃6.10)
通讯作者:陈晓华,E⁃mail: cxh0663@aliyun.com