杜冉,张会丽,赵莘瑜,牛瑞娜
(郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 郑州 450052)
·论著·
颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血中CD36表达水平及与Toll样受体4信号的相关性
杜冉,张会丽,赵莘瑜,牛瑞娜
(郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 郑州 450052)
目的观察颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者外周血中CD36水平,并探讨其与人单核细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号的相关性。方法选取该院治疗的颈AS患者40例为AS组,以同期来该院体检的40例健康者为对照组。收集两组患者外周血后采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及Western blot检测CD36水平和TLR4信号激活的相关因子。采用匹伐他汀抑制AS组患者单核细胞中的CD36水平后,检测AS组患者单核细胞中相关因子的表达。结果与对照组比较,AS组患者外周血中CD36的mRNA及蛋白水平显著提高,差异有统计学意义(t=41.503和27.112,P=0.000)。AS组患者外周血中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)为(50.2± 3.1)pg/ml,显著高于对照组[(33.5±2.8)pg/ml];AS组患者外周血中白介素-6(IL-6)为(54.1±2.4)pg/ml,显著高于对照组[(32.8±2.1)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=42.242,P=0.000);AS组患者外周血中核转录因子(NF-κB)mRNA水平显著高于对照人群,差异有统计学意义(t=34.411,P=0.000)。CD36 mRNA水平与患者血清TNF-α、IL-6及NF-κB mRNA呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(r=0.641、0.579和0.659,P<0.05)。采用匹伐他汀抑制AS组患者体内CD36表达后,AS组患者外周血中TNF-α和IL-6蛋白及NF-κB mRNA水平显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(t=17.277、10.022和15.360,P=0.000)。结论AS患者外周血中CD36高表达,并与TLR4信号相关转录因子及细胞因子水平相关,提示CD36可能通过影响TLR4信号参与AS的发生、发展。
动脉粥样硬化;CD36;Toll样受体4
动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)可引起冠心病和脑梗死,严重危害人类生命健康[1]。目前在动脉粥样硬化的发病过程中,病原特异性Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)信号的调节机制尚未完全清楚,CD36是否参与血管病变的TLR4信号炎症反应的相关研究报道较少。因此,本研究旨在探讨与分析CD36对血管病变患者TLR4信号炎症因子的影响,以期为动脉粥样硬化的诊疗提供实验依据。
1.1病例资料
选取2011年1月-2014年1月在本院行颈动脉彩色B超(coronary arteriography,CAG)确诊为AS的患者40例为AS组,选取同期40例健康体检健康者为对照组。AS组男性15例,女性25例;年龄48~66岁,平均(53.54±7.41)岁。对照组男性17例,女性23例;年龄51~67岁,平均(52.38±8.27)岁。两组患者的一般情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法
1.2.1酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定血清中炎症因子水平清晨空腹时抽取两组患者外周静脉血5 ml,加入乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,EDTA)抗凝剂,2 h内4℃、4 000 g离心20 min,提取上层血清备用。肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)与白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)的ELISA试剂盒购自美国eBioscience公司,检测流程及步骤严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。
1.2.2逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测血清中相关因子的mRNA水平取200μl全血,加入1 ml Trizol(南京生兴生物技术有限公司)充分匀浆。按照说明书进行操作,抽提总RNA溶于20μl焦碳酸二乙酯处理水,经紫外分光光度计进行定量分析。采用TaKaRa逆转录试剂盒将总RNA逆转录成cDNA,置入-20℃冰箱冷冻保存。采用RT-PCR检测外周血中核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)和CD36的mRNA水平。PCR反应条件为:94℃预变性5 min,94℃变性30 s,57℃退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s,共40个循环,72℃继续延伸7 min。CD36引物序列为:正向引物5'-CAGATGA CGTGGCAAAGAAC-3',反向引物:5'-TGGCTCCATT GGGCTGTA-3';NF-κB p50引物序列为:正向引物5'-CCTGCTCCTGGAGGGTGACGCC-3',反向引物:5'-GTATGTCAAATACCTGCCAGTTG-3';内参甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶引物序列为:正向引物5'-ATCTG GCACCACACCTTC-3',反向引物:5'-AGCCAGGTCC AGACGCA-3'。采用美国ABI公司的7300型号Real Time PCR仪器进行分析,结果用2-ΔΔCt法进行相对定量分析。
1.2.3全血单核细胞提取每1×108个外周血单核细胞加入200μl CD14磁珠抗体(德国美天旎公司)和800μl缓冲液(含有10%胎牛血清和2 mol/L EDTA,4℃预冷),15 ml离心管中充分混匀,4℃孵育15 min。加入1~2 ml预冷缓冲液,1 000 r/min离心后弃上清液,加入0.5 ml缓冲液并吹打成单细胞悬液。在磁性细胞分离器磁力架上将上述细胞悬液加入至细胞分离柱中,用缓冲液冲洗分离出CD14+细胞(阴选)。
1.2.4Western blot检测蛋白水平收取细胞后,加入1×十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)细胞裂解液,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺(sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)电泳,110 V电压转膜100 min,37℃封闭后,加兔抗人CD36(美国Bio Legend公司)4℃孵育过夜,辣根过氧化物酶标记的小鼠抗兔二抗(南京生兴生物技术有限公司)(1∶1 500稀释)37℃孵育30 min,内参蛋白选用美国Sigma公司的抗人β-actin(1∶3 000稀释),孵育后磷酸盐吐温缓冲液洗膜3次,进行增强化学发光法检测。
1.3统计学方法
采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较为成组t检验,前后比较为配对t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1外周血CD36表达水平
与对照组比较,AS组患者外周血中CD36 mRNA水平显著提高(见图1A),差异有统计学意义[(4.03± 0.44)vs(1.00±0.14),t=41.503,P=0.000];与对照组比较,AS组患者外周血中CD36蛋白水平显著提高(见图1B、C),差异有统计学意义[(3.32±0.52)vs(1.00±0.15),t=27.112,P=0.000]。
图1 两组患者外周血CD36水平比较
2.2血清TLR4信号相关因子水平比较
进一步检测AS组患者TLR4信号激活相关因子TNF-α和IL-6水平,结果显示,AS组患者外周血中TNF-α为(50.2±3.1)pg/ml,显著高于对照组[(33.5±2.8)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=25.284,P= 0.000);AS组患者外周血中IL-6为(54.1±2.4)pg/ml,显著高于对照组[(32.8±2.1)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=42.242,P=0.000)。AS组患者外周血中NF-κB mRNA显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(3.41±0.39)vs(1.00±0.21),t=34.411,P=0.000]。见图2。
图2 两组患者外周血TNF-α、IL-6及NF-κB mRNA水平比较
2.3AS组患者CD36水平与TLR4信号相关因子的相关性
结果显示,AS组患者外周血中CD36 mRNA表达水平与患者血清TNF-α、IL-6及TLR4信号转录因子NF-κB mRNA呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(r=0.641、0.579和0.659,P<0.05)。
2.4匹伐他汀治疗前后AS组患者TLR4信号炎症因子的变化
AS组患者口服匹伐他汀4mg/d抑制外周血中CD36水平。治疗4周后,AS组患者外周血中TNF-α和IL-6分别为(42.6±3.1)和(41.9±3.1)pg/ml,显著低于治疗前的(53.8±1.8)和(52.2±4.0)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=17.277和10.022,P=0.000);采用匹伐他汀治疗后,外周血中NF-κB mRNA水平显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义[(0.49± 0.09)vs(1.00±0.17),t=15.360,P=0.000]。见图3。
图3 匹伐他汀治疗前后AS组患者TLR4信号炎症因子的变化
TLR4是TLRs家族中一类最重要的模式识别受体,不仅是炎症反应过程的核心受体,同时还是内、外源性抗原识别的核心及信号转录的起始蛋白[2]。TLR4的信号传导途径根据接头蛋白的不同可分为髓样分化蛋白(myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88,MyD88)依赖性和MyD88非依赖性途径。其中在TLR4信号的MyD88依赖性途径中,MyD88可以通过死亡结构域间的相互作用招募IL-1受体相关激酶家族的成员,进一步诱导下游分子TNF受体相关因子6磷酸化,最终诱导NF-κB的活化[3-4]。大量研究认为,动脉粥样硬化是以动脉血管内膜脂质沉积为基本病变的慢性炎症反应,该炎症反应可能涉及TLR4的应答[5-7]。然而,TLR4信号在AS患者发病过程中的确切作用尚未完全明了。本研究结果发现,AS患者外周血中的TLR4信号相关分子如TNF-α、IL-6及NF-κB水平显著高于正常人群。进一步说明在AS发生、发展过程中,炎症因子的产生可能是通过MyD88依赖性的TLR4信号途径来发挥作用。动物模型研究认为,当阻断载脂蛋白E(apo lipoprotein E,ApoE)缺陷小鼠的TNF-α后,可以有效地阻止AS形成[8];且ApoE缺陷小鼠自发的AS形成伴随着高水平IL-6的产生[9]。TUNG等[10]研究发现,AS患者中TLR4信号被激活,且通过MyD88依赖的信号途径活化NF-κB分子来发挥功能。以上报道与本研究结果一致。
大量研究表明,血脂及低密度脂蛋白增高是AS的重要诱导因素,因此降脂药物被广泛应用于AS的临床治疗。匹伐他汀是一类通过拮抗胆固醇合成途径中的限速酶——3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶,阻碍肝脏的胆固醇合成的药物。有研究认为,匹伐他汀可以抑制人单核细胞株THP-1细胞和小鼠巨噬细胞上CD36的表达[11]。因此,笔者进一步观察AS患者服用匹伐他汀后,TLR4信号炎症因子的变化,结果显示,服用匹伐他汀后,AS患者外周血中TNF-α、IL-6及NF-κB水平显著降低。说明匹伐他汀对AS患者体内CD36介导的TLR4信号炎症因子有重要的抑制功能,提示匹伐他汀可以作为一种治疗AS患者体内过度激活炎症反应的药物。该临床治疗功能可能与匹伐他汀具有强大调节脂质代谢的作用有关[12]。FEBBRAIO等[13]研究发现,当基因敲除ApoE缺陷小鼠CD36后,能显著降低AS的发展,进一步证明本研究结果。
综上所述,AS患者外周血中TLR4信号炎症因子明显升高,说明TLR4在AS的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。本研究首次发现匹伐他汀可抑制AS患者TLR4信号介导的炎症反应,对AS的治疗可能有一定的指导意义。
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(申海菊 编辑)
Expression of CD36 in peripheral blood of atherosclerosis patients and its relation to TLR4 signaling
Ran DU,Hui-li ZHANG,Shen-yu ZHAO,Rui-na NIU
(The First Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,P.R.China)
【Objective】To observe the levels of CD36 in peripheral blood of atherosclerosis(AS)patients, and explore the relationship between CD36 and toll-like receptor(TLR4)signaling in atherosclerosis.【Methods】The study group included 40 cases of atherosclerosis patients in our hospital and the control group included 40 healthy volunteers.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CD36,and Western blot used to detect the protein levels related to TLR4 signal activation.In addition,Pitavastatin was used to inhibit the expression of CD36 in the AS patients,and then the TLR4 signal activation related genes and proteins were detected.【Results】Compared with the control group,the levels of CD36 mRNA and protein in the AS patients were significantly increased,the differences were statistically significant(t=41.503 and 27.112,P= 0.000).The serum TNF-α level in the peripheral blood of the AS patients was(50.2±3.1)pg/ml which was significantly higher than(33.5±2.8)pg/ml in the control group(t=25.284,P=0.000).The serum IL-6 level in the patients with AS was(54.1±2.4)pg/ml which was significantly higher than(32.8±2.1)pg/ml in the control group(t=42.242,P=0.000).The level of NF-κB mRNA in the peripheral blood of the AS patientswas significantly higher than that of the control group(t=34.411,P=0.000).In addition,there were positive correlations between CD36 mRNA level and TNF-α,IL-6 and NF-κB mRNA levels(r=0.641,0.579 and 0.659,P<0.05).After using Pitavastatin to inhibit CD36 expression in the AS patients,the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and NF-κB mRNA were significantly lower than those before inhibition(t=17.277,10.022 and 15.360;P=0.000).【Conclusions】CD36 is highly expressed in patients with AS,and CD36 expression is significantly associated with TLR4 signal related transcription factors and cytokine levels in AS patients,suggesting that CD36 may be involved in the occurrence and development of AS by affecting TLR4 signaling.
atherosclerosis;CD36;toll-like receptor 4
R543.4
A
1005-8982(2015)32-0031-05
2015-03-20