艾厚喜,孙芳玲,侯虹丽,2,张丽,王文
莫诺苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注皮层Wnt信号通路转录因子表达的影响①
艾厚喜1,孙芳玲1,侯虹丽1,2,张丽1,王文1
目的研究莫诺苷对脑缺血再灌注7 d患侧皮层Wnt信号通路相关转录因子神经发生素2(Ngn2)、Pax6、Tbr2表达的影响。方法健康成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,莫诺苷小、中、大剂量组,每组3只。线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型,造模后3 h予莫诺苷30 mg/kg、90 mg/kg、270 mg/kg每天1次灌胃。Western blotting法分析术后7 d皮层Ngn2、Pax6、Tbr2的表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组皮层Ngn2表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,莫诺苷中、高剂量组Ngn2表达明显升高(P<0.01)。模型组皮层Pax6的表达与假手术组无显著性差异,莫诺苷中、高剂量组Pax6表达升高(P<0.05)。各组间Tbr2的表达无显著性差异。结论莫诺苷能增加脑缺血再灌注后皮层Ngn2、Pax6的表达,提示有促进神经发生的作用。
莫诺苷;脑缺血再灌注;转录因子;Wnt信号通路;神经发生素2;Pax6;Tbr2;大鼠
[本文著录格式]艾厚喜,孙芳玲,侯虹丽,等.莫诺苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注皮层Wnt信号通路转录因子表达的影响[J].中国康复理论与实践,2015,21(1):1-4.
CITED AS:Ai HX,Sun FL,Hou HL,et al.Effects of morroniside on Wnt signaling-related transcription factors in ischemic ipsilateral cortex of rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion[J].Zhongguo Kangfu Lilun Yu Shijian,2015,21(1):1-4.
脑卒中是全球第三大高致死性、高致残性疾病[1]。近年来,对缺血性脑卒中的病理机制研究有了很大进步,但目前除缺血急性期溶栓治疗外,对于神经康复治疗仍没有有效的神经保护药物[2]。研究表明,脑缺血能刺激成年哺乳动物内源性神经发生[3],对脑损伤后期的神经修复有重要意义。但脑损伤所诱发的神经再生相关因子表达只在短时间内有明显变化,自体应激产生的神经发生过程短暂,不足以修复缺血造成的神经血管损伤,恢复神经功能。Wnt/ β-catenin信号通路是哺乳动物体内广泛存在的高度保守的信号通路,在神经系统发育中发挥重要作用。研究显示,Wnt信号可通过促进祖细胞增殖,调节成年
动物侧脑室外侧壁室下区(subventricular zone,SVZ)内的神经发生;在局部脑缺血损伤模型的SVZ区采用慢病毒表达Wnt3a-HA能促进神经功能恢复,增加纹状体和SVZ区成熟神经元的数量,提示Wnt信号可能为脑缺血损伤后干细胞增殖和分化、神经元的存活提供合适的微环境。神经发生素2(neurogenin 2,Ngn2)、Pax6、Tbr2作为Wnt信号下游的转录因子,是神经细胞发育过程中所必需的转录调控因子(transcriptional control factor,TCF),参与神经元前体细胞的增殖及分化[4-6],对神经系统的发育有着重要的影响。我们的前期研究表明,大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型中,Wnt3a和β-catenin蛋白表达均有显著变化[7]。
莫诺苷是本室从山茱萸中提取的环烯醚萜苷类单体化合物,已证实在体外和体内具有抗氧化和抗凋亡作用[8-9]。我们通过缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型的研究,发现莫诺苷能缩小大脑梗死体积,通过维持Wnt3a信号通路的激活,促进神经干细胞增殖和分化,最终促进神经功能恢复[10]。本研究观察其对Wnt信号通路下游转录因子表达的影响,从而探讨莫诺苷促神经修复作用的机制。
1.1 主要仪器和试剂
尼龙栓线,直径0.26 mm(2634-100):北京沙东生物技术有限公司。Powerpac Basic电泳仪:美国Bio-Rad公司。Ngn2抗体、Pax6抗体、Tbr2抗体:美国ABCAM公司。β-actin抗体:美国SANTACRUZ公司。
莫诺苷为中药材山茱萸干燥成熟果肉提取物。高效液相色谱仪分析(C18柱,柱温35℃,乙腈-水15∶85洗脱糖苷类,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长240 nm),纯度98.5%。
1.2 实验动物分组及给药
健康成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,体重260~280 g,由北京维通利华实验动物中心提供,许可证号:SCXK(京)2006-0009。12 h昼夜循环清洁级饲养,预适应环境1周后进行实验。将大鼠编号,用随机数字表法分为假手术组,模型组,莫诺苷小、中、大剂量组,每组至少3只。
莫诺苷溶于生理盐水,在MCAO造模后3 h按照30 mg/kg、90 mg/kg、270 mg/kg每天1次灌胃给药,连续7 d。假手术组和模型组予等体积蒸馏水。
1.3 模型制备
模型制作参考Longa线栓法[11]。大鼠造模前一晚禁食,自由饮水。10%水合氯醛350 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉。仰卧位固定,颈部消毒,切开右侧颈部,逐层分离暴露右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉以及颈内动脉,分别结扎右侧颈总动脉及右侧颈外动脉。在颈总动脉近动脉分叉处剪一小口,将线栓插入左侧颈内动脉约18~20 mm,到达狭窄的近端大脑前动脉,感到轻微阻力时立即停止插线。缝合伤口,抗生素预防感染,留置线头于体外。30 min后,拔出尼龙线,完成再灌注。假手术组麻醉后进行相同的手术操作,但不插线。
术后控制室温25~30℃,3 h动物清醒后观察其行为。采用Ludmila Belayev评分法[12]。①姿势反射试验,即提尾悬空试验:无明显神经功能缺失为0分,梗死对侧肢体屈曲为1分,侧推试验阳性为2分。②前肢放置试验。A.视觉亚试验。前方刺激:实验者将动物握于手中,使其前爪悬空,让动物位于桌子前方,自桌面上方10 cm处向桌面缓慢斜线靠近,大鼠正常反应为前肢抓向桌面,损伤大鼠则表现为肢体反应延迟。0分,动物肢体放置反应正常;1分,反应延迟不超过2 s;2分,反应延迟超过2 s。侧方刺激:让动物位于桌子侧方,实验检测方法及评分标准同前方刺激。B.触觉亚实验。将动物双眼遮住,并使其前爪悬空,用其前爪背刺轻触桌面,刺激深度仅达皮肤和毛发,动物反应及评分同视觉试验,同样分为前方和侧方刺激。C.本体觉亚实验。操作及评分同触觉亚实验,予前爪较大压力,使刺激深达肌肉及关节。
1.4 Western blotting
10%水合氯醛0.4 ml/kg腹腔注射麻醉,开颅取脑,取皮层梗死周边区组织,加入7倍脑皮层质量预冷RIPA裂解缓冲液匀浆。匀浆液14000 g 4℃离心30 min,收集上清。BCA法测定蛋白浓度,用裂解液调节使得各组总蛋白浓度一致,加缓冲液变性煮沸10 min。
待检测样品通过10%~15%十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)。转膜后将NC膜浸在5%脱脂奶粉,摇床室温封闭2 h,分别加入Ngn2、Pax6、Tbr2一抗4℃过夜,洗掉多余一抗后加入辣根过氧化酶标记的二抗室温孵育2 h,洗掉多余二抗。ECL化学发光法显色,曝光。用Quantity One软件对显影条带进行灰度分析,相同泳道中蛋白含量用β-ac-
tin水平标化。
1.5 统计学分析
脑缺血再灌注7 d后,模型组患侧皮层Ngn2表达较假手术组升高(P<0.05),但Pax6和Tbr2表达与假手术组无显著性差异。莫诺苷中、大剂量组患侧皮层Ngn2和Pax6表达较模型组升高(均P<0.05)。各组患侧皮层Tbr2表达无显著性差异。见表1。
表1 各组患侧皮层Ngn2、Pax6、Tbr2光密度比较(/β-actin)
Wnt/β-catenin信号可介导细胞存活、神经干细胞的增殖及分化等活动[13-14],参与成年神经发生过程,在脑卒中等疾病的神经修复中起重要作用。研究显示,脑卒中后该通路各元件在大脑SVZ区的表达上调,并且通过激活下游靶基因,在促进缺血损伤后的神经发生中发挥重要作用[14-17]。
转录因子Ngn2、Pax6、Tbr2已被证实为Wnt通路介导的成年神经发生的下游介质[17-18]。转录因子Pax6在大部分增殖的SVZ区前体细胞表达,并在迁移的成神经细胞亚群中促进神经元的分化[18]。对Pax6突变鼠的研究显示,Pax6通过Wnt-Tcf信号通路调节前脑发育[19],并且在嗅球部位调节内在神经元特殊亚型的分化[20]。Tbr2是含有T-box结构的转录因子,对成年小鼠SVZ区和海马齿状回的神经发生非常重要[21]。Tbr2在SVZ区中间神经元前体细胞和基底祖细胞表达,为皮层上部产生神经元[22]。Tbr2功能性失活可促进神经干细胞增殖,但长时间Tbr2缺失,则由于神经元分化而导致神经发生停止[19]。Ngn2是具有基本螺旋-环-螺旋结构(bHLH)转录因子的一员,可抑制星形胶质细胞分化,促进神经元分化。Berninger等通过逆转录病毒将Ngn2基因导入大鼠脑皮质的星形胶质细胞,表明Ngn2可促进神经蛋白表达,使胶质细胞分化为神经元[23]。已有研究显示,脑缺血可激活Ngn2基因表达[24],而且β-catenin信号能上调Ngn2表达,但具体机制还不清楚[25-26]。
本研究显示,大鼠脑缺血再灌注后,患侧皮层转录因子Ngn2表达增加;给予莫诺苷治疗可使Ngn2和Pax6表达进一步上调,提示莫诺苷可能通过调控该因子表达,促进神经干细胞的增殖,并进一步介导神经元分化。
缺血再灌注大鼠患侧皮层Tbr2表达无明显变化。我们推测可能与Pax6和Tbr2表达模式的复杂性有关[27-28]。有研究表明,Pax6和Tbr2的作用相互关联。发育过程中Pax6的高表达可导致有丝分裂后期细胞分化为中间神经元,但下调Pax6又可促进新皮层嗅球内僧帽细胞Tbr2的表达[28]。我们将进一步通过分子生物学方法明确莫诺苷通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进神经发生的具体机制,为将莫诺苷开发成为脑卒中的神经保护药物提供实验依据。
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Effects of Morroniside on Wnt Signaling-related Transcription Factors in Ischemic Ipsilateral Cortex of Rats after Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion
AI Hou-xi,SUN Fang-ling,HOU Hong-li,ZHANG Li,WANG Wen.Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education,Beijing 100053,China
Objective To study the effects of morroniside on the expression of Wnt signaling-related transcription factors neurogenin 2 (Ngn2),Pax6 and Tbr2 in the ischemic ipsilateral cortex 7 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group(n=3),ischemia group(n=3),and morroniside groups(low,medium and high dosage groups,n=3).The middle cerebral artery were occluded for 30 min,and re-perfused.Morroniside was administered intragastrically once a day at dose of 30 mg/kg,90 mg/kg and 270 mg/kg 3 hours after operation.The expression of Ngn2,Pax6 and Tbr2 in the ischemic ipsilateral cortex were detected with Western blotting analysis 7 days after operation.Results The expression of Ngn2 increased in the ischemia group compared with the sham group(P<0.05),and it further increased the morroniside groups of medium and high dosage compared with the ischemia group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference between the ischemia group and sham group in the expression of Pax6, while it increased the morroniside groups of medium and high dosage compared with the ischemia group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference among all the groups in the expression of Tbr2.Conclusion Morroniside could increase the expression of Ngn2 and Pax6 in the ischemic ipsilateral cortex 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion in rats,suggesting promoting the neurogenesis after ischemia.
morroniside;cerebral ischemia-reperfusion;transcription factors;Wnt signaling;neurogenin 2;Pax 6;Tbr2;rats
10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2015.01.001
R743.3
A
1006-9771(2015)01-0001-04
2014-11-15
2014-12-01)
1.“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(No.2012ZX09102201-016);2.国家自然科学基金项目(No.81173575;No.81373994);3.首都医科大学宣武医院院级课题。
1.首都医科大学宣武医院动物实验室,北京市老年病医疗研究中心,北京脑重大疾病研究院,北京市100053;2.河北北方学院,河北张家口市075000。作者简介:艾厚喜(1956-),男,满族,北京市人,主管技师,主要研究方向:神经药理,中药药理。通讯作者:王文。E-mail:lzwwang@163.com。