过去分词做状语

赖梅

一、逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系

逻辑主语是什么：就是非谓语动作的发出者或承受者。

练习一：找出下列句中非谓语动词短语（即画线部分）的逻辑主语。

1. Used for a long time， the book looks old. （_________）

2. Using the book， I find it useful. （_________）

3. He likes helping others. （_________）

4. Moved by his words， I told him all the news. （_________）

5. Its kind of you to tell me the news. （_________）

6. It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.（_________）

7. The teacher asked me to answer his question. （_________）

8. I saw him playing at the river side. （_________）

一般来说，分词做状语，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词的发出者，那么非谓语动词就用主动。如：例2， 3， 5， 6， 7， 8；如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词的承受者，那么非谓语动词就用被动。如：例1， 4。

二、过去分词做状语的功能

（一）表被动

过去分词与句子的主语构成动宾关系，也就是逻辑主语是非谓语动词的承受者。

练习二：请用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。

（1）__________ （read ） carefully， the article has several mistakes .

（2）__________（see） from the top of the hill， the city looks more beautiful to us.

（3） __________ （find） in the forest， the lost boy was already exhausted.

（4） __________ （beat） by the opposite team， the players were not discouraged.

思考：过去分词作状语都表被动吗？

（二）表状态

1. 源于情感类动词的过去分词作状语时表状态，与句子的主语不构成动宾关系（情感类动词的过去分词，是形容词化的过去分词），所表达的意义是说明主语的状态，“感到……的”，不表被动。情感类的动词过去分词有：astonished， amazed， annoyed， amused， convinced， delighted， disappointed， encouraged， excited， frightened， interested， pleased， surprised， satisfied， shocked， terrified， tired， touched， moved， worried， bored， tired等等。

练习三：请用括号中所给词的正确形式填空或选择一个最佳答案。

（1）After the Anti-terrorist War， the American soldiers returned home， safe but _______（tire）.

（2）__________（disappoint） with the result of the experiment， she started a new one.

（3）After the journey， the three of them went back home， _________

A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired

C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired

（4）________（surprise）and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

（5）After his journey from abroad， Richard John returned home， ________（exhaust）.

2. 源于系表结构的过去分词作状语时表状态，与句子的主语不构成动宾关系（这种分词也是形容词化的过去分词）。如：be lost in （沉迷于），be seated（坐着）， be hidden（躲），be absorbed in（沉溺于）， be tired of（厌烦）， be interested in（感兴趣），be well-known for（因出名）， be dressed in （穿着），be faced with （面临着） 等。当这些短语作状语时，常用过去分词作状语，表示主语所处于某种的状态。

练习四：请用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。

（1）__________（lose / absorb）in deep thought， he didnt hear the sound.

（2）_________（dress）in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

（3）He left the place ， __________（ determine ）never to come back .

（4）__________（tire） of the food， he said nothing and went out.

（5）___________（concern） about his safety， the parents called him.

三、过去分词做状语的用法

1. 过去分词作状语：表示时间，条件，原因，让步，比较状语时，等同于相应的时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句，让步状语从句和比较状语从句。

练习五：请把下列句中做状语的分词短语转换为状语从句。

（1） He wont go there with us unless invited.

_________________________________________________

（2） Lost in thought， I didnt notice what happened outside.

_________________________________________________

（3） Given another hour， I can also work out this problem.

_________________________________________________

（4） The concert was a great success than expected.

_________________________________________________

2. 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，等同于一个并列句。

The old man got on the bus， supported by a girl.

= The old man got on the bus and was supported by a girl.

注意：

（1）状语从句改成过去分词作状语后，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。

When given a medical examination， you should keep calm.

（2）过去分词作状语可以位于主句之前也可以位于主句之后。

He stood there silently， moved to tears. = Moved to tears， he stood there silently.

练习六：请把下列句中作状语的分词短语转换为状语从句。

（1） Satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.

_________________________________________________

（2） Given a few minutes， Ill finish it.

_________________________________________________

（3） Trained ten hours a day， he will still be a fool.

_________________________________________________

（4） She walked out of the house， followed by her little daughter.

_________________________________________________

（5） Once seen， it can never be forgotten.

_________________________________________________

四、区别现在分词做状语

现在分词作状语时，与逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，用-ing表示：

1. 当所表示的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生用一般式（doing）。

Arriving at a strange-looking house， he showed me into a large， bright clean room.

Walking along the river bank， she was singing a pop song.

Doing his best in maths these days， he has still got no good marks.

2.当所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前用完成式（having done）。

Having said this， he spread some food on the table.

Having made the mistake many times， he still makes it once agin.

练习七：请用括号中所给词的正确形式填空或选择一个最佳答案。

（1）__________and short of breath， Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired

（2）__________ twice， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A. Being bitten B. Bitten

C. Having bitten D. To be bitten

（3） __________by the advances in technology， many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging

C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged

（4）___________ some officials， Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed B. Followed by

C. Being followed D. Having been followed

（5） ____________， liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat

（6）We watched， __________（amaze） as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship

练习八：阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或所给词的正确形式。

1 （absorb）in his novel， Tome didnt notice his teacher coming to him. “ 2 （tell） many times to study hard， why are you still wasting your time？” the teacher said angrily， 3 （glare） at Tom. “Sorry， Mr. Wang. 4 （not know ） what to do， I just want to keep quiet in class， 5 （kill） my time.” 6 （hear） his words， the teacher left more angrily without saying anything. 7 （ surprise）， his classmates all stopped studying and looked up at Tom， 8 he was always considered a hard-working boy. “ Its nothing special，” Tom explained， 9 （put） the novel in his bag. “Isnt it good 10 us to read more ？” Then he began to do his homework.

参考答案

练习一：1. the book 2. I 3. he 4. I 5. you 6. you 7. me

8. him

练习二：（1） Read （2） Seen （3）Found （4） Beaten

练习三：（1）tired （2）Disappointed （3） B （4） Surprised （5） exhausted

练习四：（1） Lost /absorbed （2） Dressed（3） determined （4） Tired （5）Concerned

练习五：（1）He wont go there with us unless he is invited.

（2）Because I was lost in thought， I didnt notice what happened outside.

（3）If I am given another hour， I can also work out this problem.

（4）The concert was a great success than it was expected.

练习六：

（1）Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.

（2）If I was given a few minutes， Ill finish it.

（3）Although he is trained ten hours a day， he will still be a fool.

（4）She walked out of the house and was followed by her little daughter.

（5）Once it is seen， it can never be forgotten.

练习七：（1）B （2）B （3） C （4）B （5） C （6）amazed

练习八：1. Absorbed 2. Told 3. glaring 4. Not knowing 5. killing 6. Hearing 7. Surprised 8. because 9. putting 10. for

（作者单位：广东茂名市电白区水东中学）

责任编辑 蒋小青