空军总医院儿科(北京100142) 次苗苗 王文革
▲通讯作者
哮喘患儿血清TGF-β1、Smad3表达及与气道重塑的关系研究
空军总医院儿科(北京100142) 次苗苗 王文革▲
目的:探讨不同分期哮喘患儿血清TGF-β1、Smad3表达及与气道重塑的关系。方法:将126例哮喘患儿分为急性发作期组(A组)40例、慢性持续期组(B组)41例和临床缓解期组(C组)45例,对各组TGF-β1、Smad2、PI NP、PⅢ NP水平进行检测。结果:B组患儿TGF-β1、Smad3水平较A组均出现显著性下降(P<0.05);C组患儿较A、B组TGF-β1、Smad3均出现显著性下降(P<0.05);B组患儿PI NP、PⅢ NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP较A组均出现显著性下降(P<0.05);C组患者PI NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP较A组及B组均出现显著性下降,(P<0.05);PⅢ NP较A组出现显著性下降(P<0.05)。TGF-β1与PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP显著正相关 (P<0.05),与PⅢ NP未见显著相关性(P>0.05),Smad3与PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP显著正相关(P<0.05), 与PⅢ NP未见显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论: TGF-β1、Smad2水平升高与哮喘患儿气道胶原沉积指标密切相关,对其水平检测有助于明确气道重构的进展。
近十余年来我国儿童哮喘的患病率有明显上升趋势,对患儿的身心健康及生长发育带来严重影响[1]。该疾病涉及炎性细胞、气道结构细胞和细胞组分等因素的参与,气道在过敏原等理化因素的刺激下,出现反复发作的喘息,胸闷,咳嗽等症状[2]。TGF-β1、Smad3是参与细胞外基质重构的重要细胞因子,其水平升高可促进成纤维细胞增殖、胶原分泌[3],并有抑制金属蛋白酶的作用[4]。但目前对TGF-β1、Smad3与I/Ⅲ型胶原在小儿哮喘发展过程中的作用及关系尚不明确,我们对该类患儿进行了相关研究,现报告如下。
1 临床资料 选择2012年1月至2014年1月我院儿科接诊的哮喘患儿126例,其中男69例,女57例。年龄5~12岁,平均8.6±3.5岁。所有患儿诊断均依据2008 年中华医学会儿科学分会制定的儿童支气管哮喘诊断与防治指南。所有研究对象均排除合并严重肝、肾疾病、恶性肿瘤及相关高危因素。根据患儿病情将入选患儿分为急性发作期组(A组)、慢性持续期组(B组)和临床缓解期组(C组),分别有40例、41例、45例。
2 检测方法与观察指标
2.1 TGF-β1、Smad3检测:所有研究对象均于入选后次日晨抽取静脉血3ml,室温静止30min后离心,取血清留存待检。检验由我院检验科完成,采用ELISA法测定TGF-β1、Smad2。以上检验严格遵守操作规程,并保证在试剂有效期内使用。
2.2 I、Ⅲ型胶原检测:采用化学发光免疫分析法检测I、Ⅲ型胶原(PI NP、PⅢ NP),并计算I/Ⅲ型胶原比例,检测由我院检验科完成,操作严格按照说明进行,并保证在试剂有效期内使用且保证质控符合国家标准。
1 各组TGF-β1、Smad3水平比较 见表1。B组患儿TGF-β1、Smad3水平较A组均出现显著性下降(P<0.05),C组患儿较A、B组TGF-β1、Smad3均出现显著性下降(P<0.05)。
表1 各组TGF-β1、Smad3水平比较
注:* 与A组较比,P<0.05; # 与B组比较,P<0.05
2 各组I、Ⅲ型胶原水平比较 见表2。B组患儿PI NP、PⅢ NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP较A组均出现显著性下降(P<0.05),C组患者PI NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP较A组及B组均出现显著性下降(P<0.05),PⅢ NP较A组出现显著性下降(P<0.05)。
表2 各组I、Ⅲ型胶原水平比较
注:* 与A组比较,P<0.05; # 与B组比较,P<0.05
3 TGF-β1、Smad3与I、Ⅲ型胶原相关性分析 见表3。TGF-β1与PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP显著正相关 (P<0.05),与PⅢ NP未见显著相关性(P>0.05),Smad3与PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP显著正相关(P<0.05), 与PⅢ NP未见显著相关性(P>0.05)。
表3 TGF-β1、Smad3与I、Ⅲ型胶原相关性分析
支气管哮喘是儿童期常见的呼吸道慢性疾病之一,患病率的明显上升对患儿的身心健康造成严重影响。目前认为,长期的病变可导致气道的持续性损伤并导致结构异常,进而启动气道重构过程,该过程是对损伤性刺激的修复过程,但修复后的组织结构与正常组织存在区别[5]。发病过程中炎症细胞浸润肺实质,导致小气道管壁增厚进而导致气道狭窄及气流受限[6]。肺脏细胞外基质(ECM)中胶原蛋白成分由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢⅤ、Ⅵ型胶原等构成,但比例不均一,其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原占总量90%以上,该类胶原沉积是导致气道重构的重要因素。TGF-β1/Smad通路是参与气道重塑的重要信号通路,是介导纤连蛋白和胶原形成的重要因素[7]。但目前不同阶段哮喘患儿TGF-β1/Smad3与相关胶原之间的关系尚未完全明确。
从本研究可以看出:随着病情的缓解,TGF-β1、Smad3均出现显著性下降PI NP、PⅢ NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP也出现显著性下降。气道重构诱发肺上皮细胞损伤,上皮细胞坏死、变性可激活巨噬细胞,其释放生长因子等可激活细胞外基质,促进肌成纤维细胞的形成,胶原分泌增加且ECM降解减少,构成纤维化发生的重要因素[8]。TGF-β1/Smad3可阻碍气道上皮细胞正常修复,成为加重哮呼吸道上皮损害的重要通路;另一方面,TGF-β1/Smad3可上调结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达水平并降低基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的表达,从而使细胞外基质分解加速[9]。从本研究可以看出:TGF-β1/Smad3所致细胞外基质平衡紊乱所导致的气道重构过程与I、Ⅲ型胶原存在密切关系[10],该过程可能以TGF-β1/Smad3水平失调为启动因子,引起下游细胞外基质合成及分解失调,进而通过对巨噬细胞募集及炎性因子释放,加速成纤维细胞活化[11],最终导致的效应包括小气道管壁明显增厚、细支气管纤维化,并出现肺泡壁破坏,最终导致气道不可逆损害的发生,这也成为患儿治疗情况不佳的重要因素之一。
[1] Chen L Y, Zhou X J, Li X,etal. Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation during gestation and lactation on TGF-beta1 and Smad3 expression in lungs of rat offspring with asthma[J]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi,2012,14(5):366-370.
[2] Brown SD, Baxter KM, Stephenson ST,etal. Airway TGF-beta1 and oxidant stress in children with severe asthma: association with airflow limitation[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2012,129(2): 388-396.
[3] Xu M Y, Hu JJ, Shen J,etal. Stat 3 signaling activation crosslinking of TGF-beta1 in hepatic stellate cell exacerbates liver injury and fibrosis[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2014, 1842(11): 2237-2245.
[4] Weiner P, Novitzky T, Weiner D,etal. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) patients with the syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, compared to patients with emphysema alone [J]. Harefuah,2013, 152(5): 294-298, 308.
[5] Panek M, Pietras T, Fabijan A,etal. Identification and association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms, C-509T, C+466T and T+869C, of the TGF-beta1 gene in patients with asthma and their influence on the mRNA expression level of TGF-beta1[J]. Int J Mol Med, 2014, 34(4): 975-986.
[6] Dransfield MT, Wilhelm AM, Flanagan B,etal. Acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction in the lower airways in COPD[J]. Chest,2013, 144(2): 498-506.
[7] Li H, Li Y, Zhang M,etal. Associations of genetic variants in ADAM33and TGF-beta1 genes with childhood asthma risk[J]. Biomed Rep,2014, 2(4): 533-538.
[8] Che Z, Zhu X, Yao C,etal. The association between the C-509T and T869C polymorphisms of TGF-beta1 gene and the risk of asthma: a meta-analysis[J]. Hum Immunol,2014, 75(2): 141-150.
[9] Eusebio M, Kraszula L, Kupczyk M,etal. The effects of interleukin-10 or TGF-beta on anti-CD3/CD28induced activation of CD8+CD28-and CD8+CD28+T cells in allergic asthma[J]. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents,2013, 27(3): 681-692.
[10] Yalcin AD, Bisgin A, Gorczynski RM. IL-8, IL-10, TGF-beta, and GCSF levels were increased in severe persistent allergic asthma patients with the anti-IgE treatment[J]. Mediators Inflamm,2012, 2012: 720976.
[11] Ierodiakonou D, Postma DS, Koppelman GH,etal. TGF-beta1 polymorphisms and asthma severity, airway inflammation, and remodeling[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2013, 131(2): 582-585.
(收稿:2015-01-07)
Correlation analysis of TGF-β1, Smad3 and reconstruction of airway in asthma children
Department of Pediatrics , The general Hospital of Air Force( Beijing 100142)
Ci Miaomiao Wang Wenge
Objective: To investigate Correlation analysis of TGF-β1, Smad2 and reconstruction of airway in asthma children. Methods: 126 cases of asthma children were enrolled, according to the severeness of asthma, they were divided into Acute exacerbation of group (A ), chronic duration (group B) and clinical remission (group C), there were 40, 41, 45 cases respectively. TGF-β1,Smad3, PI NP, P Ⅲ NP were tested. Results: TGF-β1, Smad3 levels in group B showed significant decreases than the A group (P<0.05), TGF-β1, Smad3 of group C than A, B group were significantly lower (P< 0.05). PI NP, P Ⅲ NP and PI NP/P Ⅲ NP of B group than group A were significantly lower (P< 0.05), PI NP and PINP/P Ⅲ NP of group C patients than group A and group B were significantly lower (P< 0.05), P Ⅲ NP showed decrease than group A. TGF-β1and PI NP, PI NP/P Ⅲ NP showed significantly positive correlation (P<0.05), Smad 2 and PI NP, PI NP/P Ⅲ NP showed significantly positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion:TGF-β1, Smad 3 levels are closely associated with collagen sedimentation in airway patients, monitoring the level will help to make clear the progress of airway reconstruction of asthma.
Asthma/blood Cytokines/metabolism @TGF - beta 1 @Smad3
哮喘/血液 细胞因子类/代谢 @TGF-β1@Smad3
R563.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-7377.2015.05.042