雅思阅读中的比较级考点

田璐

摘要：在雅思阅读考试中，英语比较级是在某些题型中重点出题的考点。学生在做题过程中应首先把比较级考点作为优先考点和关键词。本文将从阅读中各题型分别阐释比较级考点的出题特点及答题规律。

关键词：比较级；雅思阅读

英语中的比较级主要涉及到形容词和副词，有三种比较形式：原级、比较级、最高级。比较级考点在雅思阅读做题中应关注以下两点：弄清比较对象，明确比较关系。

一、比较级在概述题（Summary）的考查

1.题目：It also seems that these disease are affecting people ______ in life than they did in the past.（剑桥雅思6 Greying Population Stays in the Pink） 原文：The problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. 本题涉及比较级考点。根据题干中的than一词可以推测出填空处是一副词的比较级。根据句意，与过去相比，这些疾病影响人们亦或更早或更晚。因此猜测答案是earlier或later. 原文中说很多常见病的多发年龄从65岁推迟到70岁或75岁。65变到了70/75，即later。2.题目：There has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are disabled， which means that the _____ involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.（剑桥雅思6 Greying Population Stays in the Pink） 原文：The greying of Americas population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.本题中比较级表达less than previously predicted是读题干时的定位词，在文中对应less than expected。题干中this section of the population对应原文中的the greying of Americas population。因此答案为financial burden。

二、比较级在判断题（TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN）的考查

1.题目：Lying as a survival skill is more important than detecting a lie. （9分达人雅思阅读真题还原与解析How to spot a liar？）原文：But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it. 本题中比较的两者分别为测谎（catch deceit）和（how to tell a lie）。原文中两者关系为同级比较（as important as）， 而题目为比较级关系。2. 原文： In the late 1970s， the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 death per thousand live births. Those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality （105/1000）.For women educated in primary school， however， the infant mortality rate was significantly lower， at 80 per thousand. In 1985， after the National Literacy Crusade had ended， the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged.For those women who learnt to read through the campaign， the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand， an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate.

本文以上比较级数据信息可以通过一个表格清楚地展现出来：

Mortality rate

Time Illiterate mothers Mothers who later went on to learn to read Mothers educated in primary school

Before the NLC 110/1000 105/1000 80/1000

After the NLC 110/1000 unchanged 84/1000 80/1000 unchangedendprint

题目：20 Before the National Literacy Crusade， illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school. 根据图表可以发现illiterate mothers的孩子死亡率为110/1000，而mothers educated in primary school则为80/1000。因此same as相同的表达明显错误，答案为FALSE。

22 The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels. 表格第三列在前后数值有变化，因此该类别母亲有最大变化表达正确。

三、比较级在选择题（Multiple Choice）的考查

1.题目： Who were the largest group to record their spiritual trip during the postclassical era？（9分达人雅思阅读真题还原与解析2 Travel Books）原文：Millions of Muslims have followed his example. East Asian travelers were not quite so prominent as Muslims during the postclassical era. 本题中两个比较对象为穆斯林教徒（Muslims）和东亚各国旅行者（East Asian travelers）。与穆斯林比较，东亚各国旅行者没有那么突出。可见人数最多的是穆斯林教徒。

四、比较级在填空题（Sentence Completion）的考查

1. 题目：The modern human is ____ bigger than before after the industrial revolution.

（9分达人雅思阅读真题还原与解析2 Tackling Hunger in Msekeni） 原文：Homo sapiens has grown 50% bigger since the industrial revolution. 比较对象为工业前后人口数量，人口数量增加，且增幅为50% 。endprint