雷艳+罗玉珍+赵英萍+张辉+李超梁+汪海芹
[摘要] 目的 评价氨基末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-pro-BNP)及肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)对脓毒症预后判断的作用。 方法 入选住院的脓毒症患者66例,按病情严重程度,分为一般脓毒症组(24例)、严重脓毒症组(22例)及脓毒症休克组(20例);根据患者的28天生存率,分为死亡组(20例)和存活组(46例)。在入院24小时内检测血清cTnI、NT-pro-BNP及降钙素原(PCT)水平,并进行急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ评分),比较各组血清cTnI、NT-pro-BNP、PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分,分析NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平与PCT水平、APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。 结果 脓毒症休克组的血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分明显高于严重脓毒症组及一般脓毒症组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。严重脓毒症组的血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分高于一般脓毒症组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。死亡组的血清cTnI、NT-pro-BNP、PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分明显高于生存组(P<0.05)。血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平与PCT呈正相关(r分别=0.901,0.866,P<0.05),血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.602、0.521,P <0.05)。 结论 血清cTnI与NT-pro-BNP联合检测可以作为常规临床检测指标来判断脓毒症患者的预后。
[关键词] 脓毒症;氨基末端B型钠尿肽前体;肌钙蛋白I;降钙素原;APACHEⅡ评分;预后
[中图分类号] R714.251[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)05(b)-0017-04
Predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I for prognosis of sepsis
LEI Yan LUO Yu-zhen ZHAO Ying-ping ZHANG Hui LI Chao-liang WANG Hai-qin
Department of Intensive Care Unit,Jiangmen Center Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University,Jiangmen 529030,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the role of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and cardiac troponin I for prognosis of sepsis. Methods 66 patients with sepsis admitted into our hospital were divided into the general sepsis group (n=24),the severe sepsis group (n=22) and the sepsis shock group (n=20) according to patients′ condition.Meanwhile the patients were divided into the survival group (n=46) and the death group (n=20) according to 28 days′survival rate of patients. The serum NT-pro-BNP,cTnI and PCT level were measured and APACHE Ⅱ score were conducted when the patients stayed in ICU in 24 hours.The serum NT-pro-BNP, cTnI and PCT level and the APACHE Ⅱ score among three groups were compared. The correlation of NT-pro-BNP,cTnI and PCT,APACHE Ⅱ score were analyzed. Results The serum NT-pro-BNP,cTnI and PCT level and the APACHE Ⅱ score in the sepsis shock group were significantly higher than those in the general sepsis group and severe sepsis group (P<0.05).The serum NT-pro-BNP,cTnI and PCT level and the APACHE Ⅱ score in the severe sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the sepsis group (P<0.05).The NT-pro-BNP,cTnI and PCT level and the APACHE Ⅱ score of the death group were significantly higher than those of the survival group (P<0.05).The serum NT-pro-BNP,cTnI and PCT level were positive related respectively (r=0.901,0.866,P<0.05);The serum NT-pro-BNP, cTnI level and APACHE Ⅱ score were positive related respectively (r=0.602,0.521,P<0.05). Conclusion Detection of NT-pro-BNP combined with cTnI level could be a routine clinical detection index to evaluate prognosis of patients with sepsis.
[Key words] Sepsis;N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide;Cardiac troponin I;Procalcitionin;APACHEⅡ score;Prognosis
严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克是临床上常见的急危重症,可导致多器官功能障碍和多器官功能衰竭,大约50%的严重脓毒症患者可出现不同程度的心肌抑制[1]。脓毒症患者合并心肌功能障碍往往预后不良,是脓毒症病死率增高的重要原因之一[2]。目前用于评价脓毒症严重程度指标为急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHEⅡ)和降钙素原(procalcitionin,PCT),评价心肌损伤的指标为肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI),评价心功能不全的指标为氨基末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-pro-BNP)。本研究通过观察脓毒症患者血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平及APACHE Ⅱ评分,探讨血清NT-pro-BNP及cTnI对脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
入选2012年5月~2013年1月在江门市中心医院重症医学科住院且资料完整的脓毒症患者66例,其中男42例、女24例,年龄20~84(53.6±15.29)岁,其诊断依据为2008年严重脓毒症与脓毒性休克治疗国际指南定义标准[3],其中肺部感染25例,急性胆管感染3例,重症胰腺炎6例,严重创伤12例,弥漫性腹膜炎6例,肠道术后肠瘘3例,脓胸2例,急性肠道感染6例,腹腔感染合并血行感染3例。入ICU后均按照2008脓毒症治疗指南进行集束化治疗,并记录患者的一般资料,年龄、性别、病史,行超声心动图(UCG)和常规检查(血尿便三大常规、心电图及胸片)、动脉血气分析及生化(肝功、肾功、电解质、血糖、全血乳酸等)检查,微生物学证据,入住重症医学科第1天的急性生理和慢性健康状况评分(APACHE Ⅱ),28 d死亡率,ICU住院天数等。
1.2 脓毒症分组及剔除标准
根据病情严重程度,分为一般脓毒症组(24例)、严重脓毒症组(22例)及脓毒症休克组(20例);根据患者28 d生存情况,又分为死亡组(20例)和存活组(46例)。一般脓毒症是指由微生物侵入机体引起的全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS),严重脓毒症是指脓毒症并发有器官功能损害、组织器官灌注不足或低血压状态;当严重脓毒症合并循环功能衰竭时称脓毒症休克。均排除既往有急性冠脉综合征、严重心力衰竭、心胸外科手术、心肺复苏术后、慢性肾功能不全以及肿瘤或自身免疫性疾病。3组的性别、年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.3 研究方法
所有入选病例均于入院24 h内留取促凝全血9 ml,静置5 min后,3800 r/min离心5 min,分离血清,采用双抗体夹心免疫发光法检测血清PCT水平,采用ELISA测定血清cTnI水平,采用一步免疫夹心法测定NT-pro-BNP水平,以上试剂盒均由Cobas公司提供。
1.4 APACHEⅡ评分方法
该评分方法包括以下几个方面。①急性生理学指标:体温、平均动脉压、心率、呼吸频率、动脉血氧分压、pH值、血清Na+和K+浓度、肌酐、血细胞比容、白细胞计数及格拉斯哥昏迷分度表等12项参数;②慢性健康状况:伴随重要脏器功能不全或免疫障碍者加分,急诊手术后患者加5分,择期手术后患者加2分;③年龄:45岁以上加分,其中45~54岁加2分 ,55~64岁加3分,65~74岁加5分,≥75岁加6分。以上3项计分之和总值为0~71分。
1.5 统计学处理
数据均采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件处理,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间两两比较采用独立样本t检验,根据方差齐性检验结果各组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),计数资料采用χ2 检验,相关性分析采用Pearson法,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 3组血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平及APACHE Ⅱ评分的比较
脓毒症休克组患者血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平明显高于严重脓毒症组及一般脓毒症组(P<0.05),严重脓毒组血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平高于一般脓毒症组(P<0.05)。一般脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组、脓毒症休克组随病情程度加重,APACHE Ⅱ评分明显增加,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。
表1 3组血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分的比较(x±s)
2.2 死亡组与存活组血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平及APACHEⅡ评分的比较
死亡组血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT及APACHEⅡ评分均明显高于生存组(P<0.05)(表2)。
表2 死亡组与存活组血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI、PCT水平
及APACHEⅡ评分的比较(x±s)
2.3血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平与PCT水平、APACHEⅡ评分的相关性
Pearson相关性分析显示,血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平与血清PCT呈正相关(r=0.901、0.866,P<0.05),血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.602、0.521,P<0.05)。
3 讨论
脓毒症病情进展迅速,临床救治困难,是危重症患者死亡的重要原因,并发心肌损害增高了脓毒症死亡的风险[4]。APACHEⅡ评分是针对危重症患者预定的12项急性生理学和慢性健康状况参数。PCT是降钙素的前体蛋白质,在脓毒症和感染患者血清中明显升高。PCT及APACHEⅡ评分目前已广泛应用于危重病的病情评估和预后判断中[5]。
B型钠尿肽(type-B natriuretic peptide,BNP)是一组主要由心室肌细胞分泌具有利钠、利尿作用的内源性肽。病理或生理情况下,心肌细胞首先合成108个氨基酸的钠尿肽前体蛋白,在分泌的过程中,裂解为76个氨基酸的NT-pro-BNP和32个氨基酸的具有生物活性的钠尿肽。钠尿肽的主要功能是利尿、利钠、扩张血管、抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及交感神经系统的活性[6-7]。BNP和NT-pro-BNP已成为心功能不全的诊断和判断预后的一个十分敏感的客观指标。NT-pro-BNP因其半衰期更长,稳定性更好,血浆浓度更高,在预测心功能及预后上更具优势[8]。Ueda等[9]研究证明,在脓毒症休克或严重脓毒症患者血浆中尿钠肽水平较正常对照组明显升高。Kandil等[10]研究表明,在脓毒性休克的患者,存活患者的NT-proBNP水平呈进行性下降,死亡患者的NT-pro-BNP水平没有下降。本研究结果显示,脓毒症患者随病情程度加重,NT-pro-BNP水平显著增高(P<0.05);脓毒症死亡组水平明显高于脓毒症存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明临床医师可借助NT-pro-BNP水平进行脓毒症严重程度的评估,浓度越高,提示病情越严重,发生感染性休克和死亡的可能性大,并能对脓毒症患者早期进行干预,以降低病死率。
据报道危重患者中常常发生急性心肌损伤,容易被临床忽视,而心电图在诊断这类患者心肌损伤中敏感性低[11]。cTnI在心肌细胞膜完整的状态下,不能透过细胞膜进入血循环,故在健康人血内不含或含极低量,当心肌细胞胞膜完整性因缺血或缺氧等受到破坏时,游离的cTnI可迅速透过细胞膜进入血流,因此,cTnI在心肌损伤早期即可出现,是心肌损伤最特异、最敏感的血清标志物之一。血清心肌标志物浓度与心肌损害范围呈正相关,而且其浓度越高,预测的危险越大[12]。Mehta等[13]研究表明肌钙蛋白水平的升高提示脓毒症患者病情加重,存在心脏功能障碍和预后不良。本研究结果显示,脓毒症休克组患者较其他两组明显升高,表明随病情程度加重,cTnI水平显著增高(P<0.05),说明脓毒症患者存在心肌损伤,且病情越重,心肌损伤越明显。脓毒症死亡组水平明显高于脓毒症存活组(P<0.05),说明cTnI水平反应脓毒症病情的严重程度,提示患者的预后不良。
同时本研究结果显示,一般脓毒症、严重脓毒症、脓毒症休克组患者的APACHEⅡ评分和血清PCT水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随病情程度加重显著升高。进一步行相关性分析显示,NT-pro-BNP水平与PCT水平、APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(P<0.05),cTnI水平与血清PCT水平、APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(P<0.05),表明血清NT-pro-BNP、cTnI水平对不同严重程度的脓毒症的预后有指导意义。
总之,在不同程度的脓毒症患者NT-pro-BNP及cTnI水平的升高标志着患者心肌受到损害,NT-pro-BNP及cTnI水平的测定可作为判断脓毒症预后的标志物,高度关注和积极干预治疗,可能对改善脓毒症患者的预后有所帮助。随着研究的进展,NT-proBNP及cTnI在脓毒症的诊断、治疗、危险程度分层及预后方面有良好的应用前景。
[参考文献]
[1]Flierl MA,Rittirsch D,Huber-Lang MS,et al.Molecular events in the cardiomyopathy of sepsis[J].Mol Med,2008, 14(5-6):327-336.
[2]Krishnaqopalan S,Kumar A,Parrillo JE,et al.Myocardial dysfunction in the patient with sepsis[J].Curt Opin Crit Care,2002,8(5):376-388.
[3]Dellinger RP,Levy MM,Carlet JM,et al.Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock:2008[J].Crit Care Med,2008, 36(1):296-327.
[4]Jozwiak M,Persichini R,Monnet X,et al.Management of myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis[J].Semin Respir Crit Care Med,2011,32(2):206-214.
[5]Ruiz-Alvarez MJ,Garcia-Valdecasas S,De Pablo R,et al. Diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value of serum procalcitonin concentration in patients with suspected sepsis[J].J Intensive Care Med,2009,24(1):63-71
[6]Tsuruda T,Boerrigter G,Huntley BK,et al.Brain natriuretic peptide is produced in cardiac fibroblasts and induces matrix metalloproteinases[J].Circ Res,2002,91(12):1127-1134.
[7]Hall C.Essential biochemistry and physiology of (NT-pro)BNP[J].Eur J Heart Fail,2004,6(3):257-260.
[8]McCullough PA.B-type natriuretic peptide and its clinical implications in heart failure[J].Am Heart Hosp,2004,2(1):26-33.
[9]Ueda S,Nishio K,Akai Y,et al.Prognostic value of increased plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with septic shock[J].Shock,2006,26(2):134-139.
[10]Kandil E,Burack J,Sawas A,et al.B-type natriuretic peptide:a biomarker for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with septic shock[J].Arch Surg,2008,143(3):242-246.
[11]Mair P, Mair J, Koller J,et al.Cardiac troponin T release in multiply injured patients[J].Injury,1995,26(7):439-443.
[12]Shi Q,Ling M,Zhang X,et al.Degradation of cardiac troponin I in serum complicates comparisons of cardiac troponin I assays[J].Clin Chem,1999,45(7):1018-1025.
[13]Mehta NJ,Khan IA,Gupta V,et al.Cardiac troponin I predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in septic shock[J].Int J Cardiol,2004,95(1):13-17.
(收稿日期:2014-04-04本文编辑:许俊琴)
[基金项目] 广东省江门市第一批科技计划项目(江科[2012]107号第57项)
[作者简介] 雷艳(1979-),籍贯:四川省;学历:硕士;研究方向:外科危重症的救治
总之,在不同程度的脓毒症患者NT-pro-BNP及cTnI水平的升高标志着患者心肌受到损害,NT-pro-BNP及cTnI水平的测定可作为判断脓毒症预后的标志物,高度关注和积极干预治疗,可能对改善脓毒症患者的预后有所帮助。随着研究的进展,NT-proBNP及cTnI在脓毒症的诊断、治疗、危险程度分层及预后方面有良好的应用前景。
[参考文献]
[1]Flierl MA,Rittirsch D,Huber-Lang MS,et al.Molecular events in the cardiomyopathy of sepsis[J].Mol Med,2008, 14(5-6):327-336.
[2]Krishnaqopalan S,Kumar A,Parrillo JE,et al.Myocardial dysfunction in the patient with sepsis[J].Curt Opin Crit Care,2002,8(5):376-388.
[3]Dellinger RP,Levy MM,Carlet JM,et al.Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock:2008[J].Crit Care Med,2008, 36(1):296-327.
[4]Jozwiak M,Persichini R,Monnet X,et al.Management of myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis[J].Semin Respir Crit Care Med,2011,32(2):206-214.
[5]Ruiz-Alvarez MJ,Garcia-Valdecasas S,De Pablo R,et al. Diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value of serum procalcitonin concentration in patients with suspected sepsis[J].J Intensive Care Med,2009,24(1):63-71
[6]Tsuruda T,Boerrigter G,Huntley BK,et al.Brain natriuretic peptide is produced in cardiac fibroblasts and induces matrix metalloproteinases[J].Circ Res,2002,91(12):1127-1134.
[7]Hall C.Essential biochemistry and physiology of (NT-pro)BNP[J].Eur J Heart Fail,2004,6(3):257-260.
[8]McCullough PA.B-type natriuretic peptide and its clinical implications in heart failure[J].Am Heart Hosp,2004,2(1):26-33.
[9]Ueda S,Nishio K,Akai Y,et al.Prognostic value of increased plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with septic shock[J].Shock,2006,26(2):134-139.
[10]Kandil E,Burack J,Sawas A,et al.B-type natriuretic peptide:a biomarker for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with septic shock[J].Arch Surg,2008,143(3):242-246.
[11]Mair P, Mair J, Koller J,et al.Cardiac troponin T release in multiply injured patients[J].Injury,1995,26(7):439-443.
[12]Shi Q,Ling M,Zhang X,et al.Degradation of cardiac troponin I in serum complicates comparisons of cardiac troponin I assays[J].Clin Chem,1999,45(7):1018-1025.
[13]Mehta NJ,Khan IA,Gupta V,et al.Cardiac troponin I predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in septic shock[J].Int J Cardiol,2004,95(1):13-17.
(收稿日期:2014-04-04本文编辑:许俊琴)
[基金项目] 广东省江门市第一批科技计划项目(江科[2012]107号第57项)
[作者简介] 雷艳(1979-),籍贯:四川省;学历:硕士;研究方向:外科危重症的救治
总之,在不同程度的脓毒症患者NT-pro-BNP及cTnI水平的升高标志着患者心肌受到损害,NT-pro-BNP及cTnI水平的测定可作为判断脓毒症预后的标志物,高度关注和积极干预治疗,可能对改善脓毒症患者的预后有所帮助。随着研究的进展,NT-proBNP及cTnI在脓毒症的诊断、治疗、危险程度分层及预后方面有良好的应用前景。
[参考文献]
[1]Flierl MA,Rittirsch D,Huber-Lang MS,et al.Molecular events in the cardiomyopathy of sepsis[J].Mol Med,2008, 14(5-6):327-336.
[2]Krishnaqopalan S,Kumar A,Parrillo JE,et al.Myocardial dysfunction in the patient with sepsis[J].Curt Opin Crit Care,2002,8(5):376-388.
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(收稿日期:2014-04-04本文编辑:许俊琴)
[基金项目] 广东省江门市第一批科技计划项目(江科[2012]107号第57项)
[作者简介] 雷艳(1979-),籍贯:四川省;学历:硕士;研究方向:外科危重症的救治