强化他汀治疗对急诊PCI术后早期心率变异性及恶性室性心律失常的影响

2014-02-10 11:28王雪梅杨培根
天津医药 2014年4期
关键词:室性变异性阿托

王雪梅 杨培根 王 彬

强化他汀治疗对急诊PCI术后早期心率变异性及恶性室性心律失常的影响

王雪梅1杨培根2王 彬1

目的 探讨大剂量阿托伐他汀(80 mg/d)对急诊冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后早期心率变异性(HRV)及恶性室性心律失常(MVA)的影响。方法将350例行急诊PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者随机均分为大剂量他汀组(大剂量组)和常规剂量他汀组(常规剂量组),另设对照组85例。大剂量组入院立即口服阿托伐他汀80 mg/d,第2天起改为40 mg/d,常规剂量组入院立即口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,第2天起改为20 mg/d。术后24 h连续行动态心电图(Holter)检测,并根据Holter结果比较各组HRV及MVA发生率。结果大剂量组和常规剂量组SDNN(ms:108.3±21.5、70.6±17.6)、SDANN(ms:111.7±19.2、65.9±18.5)、RMSSD(ms:25.6±8.3、18.7±10.2)和PNN50(%:14.7±5.9、6.9±3.4)均低于正常对照组(分别为122.5±23.8、119.6±15.2、29.2±9.3及17.7±6.5),大剂量组高于常规剂量组(均P<0.05)。大剂量组和常规剂量组MVA发生率均高于正常对照组(12.00%vs 21.14%vs 2.35%),大剂量组低于常规剂量组(χ2=5.29,P<0.05)。结论AMI患者梗死早期HRV减低,MVA发生率增加;大剂量阿托伐他汀能够增加急诊PCI术后早期HRV,并降低MVA发生率。

心肌梗死;血管成形术,经腔,经皮冠状动脉;心率;自主神经系统;心律失常,心性;冠状动脉介入术;心率变异性;恶性室性心律失常;阿托伐他汀

[Key words]myocardial infarction;angioplasty,transluminal,percutaneous coronary;heart rate;autonomic nervous system;arrhythmias,cardiac;PCI;heart rate variability;malignant ventricular arrhythmia;Atorvastatin

恶性室性心律失常(MVA)是急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者早期主要的生命威胁之一[1]。研究表明引起AMI患者MVA的因素除心肌代谢障碍所导致的电活动不稳定外,还与精神心理应激和急性缺血导致的自主神经平衡失调有关[2]。心率变异性(HRV)检测尤其是分段24 h窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)在评估心脏自主神经系统功能中具有重要作用,对心肌梗死患者的预后有重要意义[3]。他汀类药物具备调脂、抗炎、抗氧化、稳定跨膜离子通道、改善心肌传导性和兴奋性等多重功效,已有临床研究报道入院早期常规剂量的他汀治疗可以明显降低AMI患者MVA的发生率[4]。本研究进一步从临床角度探讨大剂量阿托伐他汀对AMI患者急诊冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后早期HRV及MVA的影响。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2010年1月—2013年1月于我院住院行急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者350例,男206例,女144例。入选标准:(1)符合ST抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)的最新诊断标准,并符合急诊PCI的适应证[5]。(2)已签署知情同意书并经院临床医学科研伦理道德委员会的批准。排除标准:(1)合并贫血、发热、甲状腺功能异常及血清电解质异常。(2)2周内曾使用胺碘酮、美托洛尔等抗心律失常药、他汀类药物、ACEI类药物及抗胆碱药物者。(3)房扑、房颤及接受临时或永久起搏治疗者。(4)重度心衰及肝肾功能不全者。按照就诊顺序将其分为大剂量他汀组(大剂量组)和常规剂量他汀组(常规剂量组),各175例。另选取经冠脉造影、心脏多普勒超声和心电图证实的非器质性心脏病患者85例为对照组。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 治疗方法 患者入院签署急诊PCI同意书后,立即口服阿司匹林、氯吡格雷300 mg强化抗血小板聚集治疗,急查凝血全项、心肌酶、肌钙蛋白、脑钠肽(BNP)、肝肾功能及电解质、床旁胸片及心脏多普勒超声检查,充分术前准备。大剂量组在入院后立即口服阿托伐他汀(商品名:立普妥,辉瑞制药公司生产)80 mg,第2天起改为40 mg/d;常规剂量组在入院后立即口服阿托伐他汀40 mg,第2天起改为20 mg/d。术后给予水化治疗预防造影剂肾病,第7天复查肝功能。

1.2.2 动态心电图(Holter)检测 术后立即连续24 h行动态心电图检测,检测结果均由同一名经验丰富的医师读取。选取时域性分析指标包括:SDNN、24 h内每5 min平均心率标准差(SDANN)、24 h内全部窦性R-R间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、24 h内相邻R-R间期差>50 ms心率数占所分析信息间期内心率数的百分比(PNN50)。根据上述Holter结果,采用LOWN分级法将MVA进行分级,平均室性早搏<30次/h为1级;平均室性早搏≥30次/h为2级;多形性室性早搏为3级;室性早搏连发为4级A,短阵室性心动过速为4级B;RonT室性早搏或多形性室性心动过速、尖端扭转室性心动过速为5级。其中AMI后LOWN分级>3级者定义为MVA,LOWN分级≤3级者为非MVA。假设正常对照组适用LOWN分级。

1.3 统计学方法 采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料以±s表示,多组间比较行单因素方差分析,组间多重比较采用SNK-q检验。计数资料以例(%)表示,多组间比较行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 3组患者一般情况比较 3组性别构成、年龄、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、血钾和肌酐水平差异均无统计学意义,常规剂量组和大剂量组陈旧性心肌梗死病史构成、肌酸激酶同工酶和肌钙蛋白I水平均高于对照组,心脏射血分数低于对照组(均P<0.05),见表1。

2.2 急诊PCI结果 大剂量组单支血管病变104例,双支病变58例,三支病变13例。常规剂量他汀组单支病变112例,双支病变55例,三支病变8例,2组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.37,P>0.05)。2组患者均实现梗死相关血管的再通。

2.3 3组患者HRV时域分析指标比较 大剂量组和常规剂量组SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD和PNN50均低于对照组,大剂量组高于常规剂量组(均P<0.05),见表2。

Table 2 Comparison of time domain analysis between three groups表2 3组患者HRV时域分析指标比较 (±s)

组别对照组常规剂量组大剂量组F n 85 175 175 SDNN(ms) 122.5±23.8 70.6±17.6a108.3±21.5ab7.08**SDANN(ms) 119.6±15.2 65.9±18.5a111.7±19.2ab11.65**RMSSD(ms) 29.2±9.3 18.7±10.2a25.6±8.3ab9.07**PNN50(%) 17.7±6.5 6.9±3.4a14.7±5.9ab13.55**

2.4 3组MVA发生率的比较 大剂量组、常规剂量组和对照组MVA发生率分别为12.00%(21/175)、21.14%(37/175)和2.35%(2/85),大剂量组和常规剂量组均高于对照组,大剂量组低于常规剂量组(χ2=5.29,P<0.05)。

2.5 AMI患者不良反应发生情况 常规剂量组丙氨酸转氨酶均无升高,大剂量组有3例丙氨酸转氨酶升高至正常值上限的1.2~2倍,将阿托伐他汀减量至20 mg/d,7 d后复查,基本恢复正常。

3 讨论

AMI患者在梗死发生后往往存在自主神经系统功能障碍,表现为交感神经活动增强、迷走神经活动下降。Huikuri等[6]研究显示AMI患者尤其是左室功能不全者的HRV明显减低,且其对致命性心律失常有预测价值。杨琦[7]、李洁芳等[8]研究显示,自主神经功能失调参与了AMI患者MVA的形成,HRV与MVA、猝死的发生率呈正相关。本研究结果显示AMI患者HRV时域分析指标均低于对照组,MVA发生率高于对照组,与上述研究结果相似。

近年来多项研究指出他汀类药物具有降脂以外的抗炎、抗氧化、内皮保护、稳定细胞膜、防止心脏重构等多重作用[9]。4S和LIPID两项大型研究均显示,冠心病患者使用他汀类药物能够改善患者的心脏自主神经功能,减少心律失常导致的死亡事件[10]。Frasure-Smith等[11]研究表明,AMI患者HRV指标与血中氧化、炎性指标(如C反应蛋白,白细胞介素-6等)呈显著负相关,提示氧化炎症反应与HRV的减低有关。本研究中大剂量阿托伐他汀较常规剂量更能够增加AMI早期HRV,降低MVA的发生率,进一步支持了上述研究结果。

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(2013-08-01收稿 2013-09-03修回)

(本文编辑 陈丽洁)

The Influence of High-Dose Atorvastatin in Heart Rate Variability and Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients Underwent Emergency PCI

WANG Xuemei1,YANG Peigen2,WANG Bin1
1 Department of Cardiology,Ninghe Hospital,Tianjin 301500,China;2 Department of Cardiology,Tianjin Chest Hospital

ObjectiveTo study the influence of high dose atorvastatin(80 mg/d)in early heart rate variability and malignant ventricular arrhythmia in patients underwent emergency coronary intervention(PCI).MethodsA total of 350 patients underwent emergency PCI were randomly divided into two groups:high dose atorvastatin group and regular dose atorvastatin group.And 85 cases of control were enrolled randomly.The patients using high dose atorvastatin group

atorvastatin 80 mg orally STAT upon hospitalization and 40 mg once a day from the second day.The patients using regular dose atorvastatin group received atorvastatin 40 mg orally STAT after hospitalization and 20 mg once a day from the second day. Patients were monitored by continuous dynamic electrocardiogram for 24 hours after PCI.According to the results of dynamic electrocardiogram,the early heart rate variability(HRV)and rate of malignant ventricular arrhythmia(MVA)were measured and compared between three groups.ResultsThe values of standard deviation of all normal sinus RR intervals over 24 h (SDNN)were(108.3±21.5)ms and(70.6±17.6)ms for high dose atorvastatin group and regular dose atorvastatin group respectively.The values of SDNN measured every 5 minutes during 24 hours(SDANN)were(111.7±19.2)ms and(65.9±18.5)ms respectively,and values of root-mean-square of successive normal sinus RR interval difference(RMSSD)were(25.6±8.3)ms and(18.7±10.2)ms respectively,and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals that differed by more than 50 ms(PNN50)were(14.7±5.9)%and(6.9±3.4)%for high dose atorvastatin group and regular dose atorvastatin group respectively.The above data were significantly lower than those in control group[(122.5±23.8)ms and(119.6±15.2)ms,(29.2±9.3) ms and(17.7±6.5)%,P<0.05].There were significantly higher values in high dose atorvastatin group than those in regular dose atorvastatin group(P<0.05).The incidence rate of MVA was much higher in high dose atorvastatin group and regular dose atorvastatin group than that in normal control group(12.00%vs 21.14%vs 2.35%).The incidence rate of MVA was significantly lower in high dose atorvastatin group than that in regular dose atorvastatin group(χ2=5.29,P<0.05).ConclusionThe HRV was significantly reduced and the incidence rate of MVA was much higher in patients with early AMI.Highdose atorvastatin can increase the HRV and decrease the incidence rate of MVA in patients underwent emergency PCI.

R542.2

A

10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.04.021

1天津市宁河县医院心内科(邮编301500);2天津市胸科医院心内七科

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