高考英语定语从句攻关策略

王俊玲

定语从句一直是全国以及各省市高考重点。但是因为现行高中英语教材淡化了语法教学，教师只能根据自己的教学习惯补充讲解。到了高三复习阶段，很多学生感觉语法学得不扎实，对各种语法现象尤其是定语从句只知大概不知其细节，很多问题模棱两可。可是考前复习时间宝贵，学生不可能花大量时间系统地补习语法，所以他们感到很矛盾也很头疼。

针对上述现象，笔者根据多年高三教学经验及学生的问题所在，整理了7个经典句型，帮助他们复习巩固定语从句。现以2013年高考定语从句真题为例，让参加2014年高考的学生用少量时间背诵经典句型，轻松复习定语从句并灵活运用到考试中。

一、定语从句经典句型

1.He is always playing the leading role， which makes other actors envy him.

他总是主演，这一点让其他人非常羡慕他。（非限制性定语从句不用that.）

2.The old woman has two daughters， both of whom are nurses.

=The old woman has two daughters，and both of them are nurses

老太太有两个女儿，都是护士。

3.As we all know， Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to go into out space.

众所周知，杨利伟是第一个进入太空的中国人。（as放句首表示“正如”。）

4.This is a job where you can present your talents.

这是一份你可以充分展现自我才华的工作。

5.We will come to the problem about which we talked at yestedays meeting.

6.Finally， they came to the mountain， whose peak was covered with snow all the year round.

=Finally， they came to the mountain， the peak of which was covered with snow all the year round.

=Finally， they came to the mountain， of which the peak was covered with snow all the year round.

最后他们来到了一座雪山的面前。（whose在从句中作定语；介词提前的定语从句不用that.）

7.I don't like the way（that / in which ）he speaks to his parents.

我不喜欢他对父母讲话的样子。（当先行词为way时， that在从句中充当状语并可省略。）

二、2013年定语从句高考真题及详解

考点一 关系代词which与 that

【高考真题】Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， ____ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. （2013安徽卷）

A. it B. that C. what D. which

【回扣句型】 He is always playing the leading role， which makes other actors envy him.

【考點解析】如果先行词是表示事物的名词，引导定语从句的关系代词which与that，在从句中充当同样的成分，所以大多情况下两者可以换用。但在下列情况下宜用which：在非限制性定语从句中，在介词提前的定语从句中。由此选出正确选项D。

考点二 关系代词与关系副词

【高考真题】He wrote a letter _________ he explains what had happened in the accident. （2013江西卷）

A. what B. which C. where D. how

【回扣句型】This is a job where you can present your talents.

【考点解析】当先行词为表示时间或地点场所等的名词时，正确选用关系代词或关系副词是重点也是难点。众所周知，关系代词在定语从句中主要充当主语、宾语或表语，关系副词则主要充当状语。但是很多学生能看出主谓宾却不会分析定语、状语等次要句子成分。所以最简单的办法是：先判定先行词是否属于表示时间或地点场所等的名词，一旦判断准确，再看定语从句是否缺少主语或宾语，如果是，则选关系代词；否则，一定选用关系副词。故正确选项为C。

考点三 介词提前的定语从句

【高考真题】He may win the competition， __________he is likely to get into the national team.（2013辽宁卷）

A. in which case B. in that case

C. in what case D. in whose case

【回扣句型】We will come to the problem about which we talked at yesterdays meeting.

【考点解析】如果定语从句中的关系代词充当介词宾语时，介词可以提前到关系代词之前，并且前面也提到此时宜选用which 而不用that，同时介词的选用也是重点。要做到正确选用介词，须从定语从句的动词与先行词的关系入手。本题考查了定语从句与介词的综合运用能力，结合句意应选A项。

考点四 名词/代词+ of +which / whom 的问题

【高考真题】The children， ________ had played the whole day long， were worn out.（2013浙江卷）

A. all of what B. all of which

C. all of them D. all of whom

【回扣句型】The old woman has two daughters， both of whom are nurses.

【考点解析】名词/代词+ of +which / whom 引导的非限制性定语从句也是高考考查重点，解此类题目的关键是正确理解介词of 所表示的意思。大多情况下of要么表示“其中”，要么表示“……的”。所以不难选出D。

考点五 whose引导的定语从句

【高考真题】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected. （2013福建卷）

A. whose B. that C. who D. which

【回扣句型】Finally， they came to the mountain， whose peak was covered with snow all the year round.

【考点解析】whose引导定语从句，先行词既可以是表示人的名词、代词，也可以是表示事物的名词、代词，并且在从句中充当定语，故上题选A。

考点六 as与 which

【高考真题】 is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. （2013陜西卷）

A. It B. That C. What D. As

【回扣句型】As we all know， Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to go into out space.

【考点解析】as与 which均可引导以主句为先行词的非限制性定语从句，但是置于句首，尤其是表示“正如”这一句意时，应用as，故上题选D。