李伟冬 贾林 马军 方建志 邱嘉华 黄耀星 潘锦瑶
·论著·
清胰活血汤、Infliximab单抗治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠的疗效观察
李伟冬 贾林 马军 方建志 邱嘉华 黄耀星 潘锦瑶
目的比较清胰活血汤和Infliximab单抗治疗大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)并发多器官功能衰竭(MODS)的疗效。方法采用胰管内逆行注射4.5%牛磺胆酸钠1 ml/kg体重的方法诱导大鼠ANP模型。按数字表法随机分为ANP组、清胰活血汤组(Q组)和Infliximab单抗组(I组)。I组于建模后6 h尾静脉注射Infliximab单抗( 8 mg/kg体重),ANP组和Q组于建模前4 h和建模后3、9 h分别给予生理盐水和清胰活血汤灌胃(20 ml/kg体重)。24 h后处死大鼠,检测血清淀粉酶、总胆红素(TBil)、肌酐(Cr)、TNF-α、二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平,测腹腔内压,计算小肠碳末推进率,行胰腺组织病理学检查。结果ANP组、Q组、I组的胰腺病理评分分别为13.8±0.8、6.1±0.4、3.9±0.6,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),血清淀粉酶、TBil、Cr及TNF-α水平亦依次显著降低。ANP组、Q组、I组血DAO水平分别为(186.3±10.2)、(134.6±14.3)、(149.1±16.3)U/L;小肠碳末推进率为(53±0.1)%、(89±0.1)%、(61±0.1)%;腹内压为(11.8±1.5)、(4.1±0.8)、(5.8±1.2)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。Q组及I组的DAO和腹内压均较ANP组显著降低,而小肠碳末推进率均高于ANP组(P值均<0.05),且Q组小肠碳末推进率高于I组,腹内压和DAO浓度低于I组,两组的差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论清胰活血汤与Infliximab单抗治疗ANP并MODS大鼠均具显效,其中清胰活血汤在促胃肠动力、降腹内压和改善肠屏障功能方面疗效更显著。
胰腺炎,急性坏死性; 清胰活血汤; Infliximab单抗; 腹腔内压; 肠屏障功能
TNF-α是重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)时最先增高的炎症因子,也是引起SAP快速发展和并发多器官功能衰竭(MODS)的重要因素。前期研究[1]发现,Infliximab单抗作为抗TNF-α单克隆抗体能明显抑制TNF-α的增高,对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)并发MODS大鼠有显著疗效。本实验比较清胰活血汤与Infliximab单抗对ANP并MODS大鼠的疗效,为中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎(AP)奠定实验基础。
一、实验动物及分组
健康SD大鼠30只,体重180~200 g,SPF级,购自广州中医药大学实验动物中心(许可证号:SCXK-粤2008-0020)。采用胰管内逆行注射4.5%牛磺胆酸钠(Sigma公司)1 ml/kg体重的方法诱导ANP并发MODS大鼠模型[2]。按数字表法随机分为ANP组、清胰活血汤组(Q组)和Infliximab单抗组(I组)。Q组在建模前4 h和建模后3、9 h予清胰活血汤[生大黄(后下)、黄连、黄岑、丹参、厚朴、柴胡各15 g]灌胃,20 ml/kg体重。ANP组同时点给予等容积生理盐水灌胃。I组于建模后6 h予尾静脉注射Infliximab单抗(西安杨森公司),8 mg/kg体重。建模后24 h处死大鼠,腹腔静脉采血,离心取血清,置-80℃冰箱保存;取胰腺常规制作病理切片。
二、检测指标及方法
1.血清指标:血清淀粉酶、总胆红素(TBil)、肌酐(Cr)采用全自动生化分析仪检测。血清TNF-α和二胺氧化酶(DAO)采用ELISA法测定,试剂盒购自广州帮能公司。
2.腹腔内压:测压设备为BL-420E+生物机能实验系统。大鼠麻醉后取平卧位,左下腹穿刺,冠脉扩张球囊导管内充注生理盐水,将连接球囊导管的硬膜外导管接头的另一端连接压力换能器,利用压力换能器与生物机能实验仪,以腋中线为“0”点,大鼠呼气末时换能器所感受的压力就是球囊内压和腹内压。
3.小肠碳末推进率:于处死前30 min给予大鼠墨水2.5 ml灌胃,处死后用直尺测量小肠全长及墨水推进长度。
4.组织学检查:取胰腺组织于10%甲醛缓冲液固定,常规脱水、石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色,由专一病理医师观察切片,并按照Schemidt等[3]标准进行胰腺组织病理评分。
三、统计学处理
一、大鼠一般情况
ANP组大鼠有呼吸急促、腹胀、竖毛、精神萎靡、反映迟钝、无排便等表现,术后死亡3只。Q组及I组大鼠术后一般情况较好,多数有腹泻表现,排泄物不成形,术后两组各死亡2只。
二、胰腺病理评分及血清淀粉酶、TNF-α的变化
ANP组胰腺广泛间质水肿,腺泡坏死,大量出血及血管严重炎症浸润;Q组和I组胰腺病变均较ANP组有不同程度的减轻,尤以I组减轻明显。ANP组、Q组、I组的胰腺病理评分分别为13.8±0.8、6.1±0.4、3.9±0.6,各组间差异均有统计意义(P值均<0.05)。血清淀粉酶和TNF-α水平也由ANP组、Q组、I组依次递减,各组间差异也均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05,表1)。
三、肝、肾功能的变化
建模后24 h,Q组、I组大鼠血清TBil、Cr值明显低于ANP组(P值均<0.05)。若以TBil≥3倍对照值、肌酐>3倍对照值分别作为肝功能、肾功能障碍的判断指标[3],ANP组、Q组、I组肝功能障碍发生率分别为100%(7/7)、25%(2/8)、27.5%(3/8);肾功能障碍发生率为100%(7/7)、25%(2/8)、25%(2/8)。Q组、I组的肝肾功能障碍发生率较ANP组明显改善,但Q、I两组间无显著差异(P>0.05,表1)。
四、腹腔内压和肠屏障功能的变化
Q、I两组小肠碳末推进率均高于ANP组,腹内压值和DAO浓度均低于ANP组,而Q组的小肠碳末推进率又高于I组,腹内压值和DAO浓度低于I组(P值均<0.05,表1)。
表1 各组大鼠各项指标的比较
注:与ANP组比较,aP<0.05;与Q组比较,bP<0.05。1 mmHg=0.133 kPa
多项研究证实,在SAP中存在炎性因子的过度表达,如白介素、TNF-α、干扰素等,说明炎症因子参与了SAP的全过程,血清中炎症因子水平的高低和病情严重程度有关。Infliximab单抗作为特异性靶向,与体内多种形式的TNF-α有较强结合能力,并将其中和,从而达到抑制TNF-α的生理活性的作用。前期实验显示[1],应用Infliximab单抗可改善ANP大鼠的病理损伤。
本实验的清胰活血汤中,丹参和厚朴能改善微循环,消除氧自由基,抑制血小板聚集,阻止Ca2+内流,松弛平滑肌[4-5];柴胡、黄连、黄岑和厚朴都具有广谱抗菌、抑制炎症因子释放的作用[6-7];生大黄、黄连具有明显的泻下作用。大剂量应用该制剂能促进胃肠功能的恢复,促进肠蠕动,改善肠功能,促进腹腔积液的吸收。本结果显示,应用清胰活血汤后,大鼠血清TNF-α浓度明显低于ANP组;肝、肾功能较ANP组显著改善;肠蠕动及肠黏膜屏障功能增强;腹内压明显降低。与应用Infliximab单抗组比较,清胰活血汤对ANP大鼠的TNF-α的释放抑制作用逊于Infliximab单抗,但在促进肠动力、保护肠黏膜屏障功能、降低腹内压方面则优于Infliximab单抗。
清胰活血汤不足之处在于需要经胃肠道吸收,可能加重胰腺的负担,吸收率较静脉注射Infliximab单抗低,作用速度也较其慢。但应用Infliximab单抗
的安全性问题一直备受关注,临床研究、全球范围的监测登记以及病例报告等资料的积累加深了对其不良反应的认识[8]。因此,清胰活血汤与Infliximab单抗在SAP并发MODS的治疗方面各具优势,临床应用尚待进一步研究。
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2011-02-23)
(本文编辑:吕芳萍)
EffectsofQingyiHuoxuedecoctionandInfliximabonratswithacutenecrotizingpancreatitis
LIWei-dong,JIALin,MAJun,FANGJian-zhi,QIUJia-hua,HUANGYao-xing,PANJin-yao.
FirstMunicipalPeople′sHospitalofGuangzhou,GuangzhouMedicalCollege,Guangzhou510180,China
Correspondingauthor:JIALin,Email:jialin@medmail.com.cn
ObjectiveTo compare the treatment effects of Qingyi Huoxue decoction and infliximab on acute necrosis pancreatitis (ANP) complicated with MODS in a rat model.Methods4.5% sodium taurocholate was injected into the pancreatic duct to induce the ANP complicated with MODS model. The ANP rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, ANP group (ANP), Qingyi Huoxue decoction treatment group (QG), infliximab treatment group (IG). Rats in infliximab group
infliximab injection at a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight via tail vein 6 h after the ANP induction. The ANP and QG received normal saline and Qingyi Huoxue decoction (20 ml/kg) via gastric lavage 4 h before and 3 h, 9 h after ANP induction. After 24 h, all rats were sacrificed, the serum levels of amylase, total bilirubin, Cr, TNF-α, diamine oxidase (DAO), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the rate of carbon propelling rate in ileum were measured. The pancreas samples were collected for pathological examination. The pathological score of pancreas was calculated.ResultsThe pathological scores in ANP, QG, IG were 13.8±0.8, 6.1±0.4, 3.9±0.6, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum levels of amylase, total bilirubin, Cr, TNF-α were significantly decreased. In ANP, QG, IG the serum levels of DAO were (186.3±10.2), (134.6±14.3), (149.1±16.3) U/L; the carbon propelling rates in ileum were (53±0.1)%, (89±0.1)%, (61±0.1)%; the IAPs were (11.8±1.5), (4.1±0.8), (5.8±1.2) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The DAO and IAP in AG, IG were significantly decreased when compared with that in ANP group, but the carbon propelling rates in ileum was significantly higher than that in ANP group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the carbon propelling rates in ileum in QG were higher than that in IG, and IAP and DAO levels were lower than that in IG, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe Qingyi Huoxue decoction and infliximab were significantly effective in the treatment of ANP rats complicated with MODS. But the effects of Qinyi Huoxue decoction on promoting gastrointestinal motility, reducing the IAP and improving the intestinal barrier function were better than those of the infliximab.
Pancreatitis, acute necrotizing; Qingyi Huoxue decoction; Infliximab; Intra-abdomind pressure; Intestinal barrier function
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.03.017
广东省中医药局科研课题(008006)、广州市中西医结合科研课题(2008A02)
510180 广州,广州医学院附属广州市第一人民医院消化内科(李伟冬、贾林、邱嘉华、黄耀星),中医科(马军、方建志、潘锦瑶)
贾林,Email:jialin@medmail.com.cn