周 婷
摘要: 语言是交流的手段,因此,大学英语教学的目的是提高学生的语言运用和语言交际能力,要提高口语重视力度。基于计算机网络口语教学,本文就大学英语改革中,英语口语教学方面应注意的问题作出简要叙述。
关键词: 计算机网络 大学英语 口语教学
21世纪需要新型复合型人才,传统的“灌输式”用于读写教学的“哑巴”英语已不能适应时代发展的要求,突出实用性、实践性,加强大学英语口语教学,注重英语口语的双边性和交际性,在大学英语教学中日显重要。传统的英语口语教学模式效果不佳,一个重要的原因是缺少生动活泼的学习情境,老师主导着整个课堂。因此,教师需要创造性地运用教材,使用多媒体网络口语教学,尤其要使课堂教学活动形式多样、丰富多彩,发挥学生主体性作用。我采用了以下的教学方法:采用轻松多样的方式,创造情景对话的模式组织教学;以“以学生为中心”取代传统的“以老师为中心”教学模式;利用课堂上有限的时间通过多媒体向学生展示丰富的文化背景,增强学生对英语的兴趣。
在组织教学方面,以计算机辅助口语教学,多媒体备课,以《大学英语基础口语教程》学生用书2的第五单元为例,我设计了如下教案:
Unit 5A Nive to five
Nive to five:from 9∶00AM to 5∶00PM;the hours that most people work
1.读前活动——工作介绍
活动一:Ask students to introduce as many job titles in English as they can in one minute.
活动二:Look at these photos.What would you enjoy about each job?(He is a doctor.Some of the things Id enjoy about his job are...)
Job information.
工作角色介绍:accountant,actor,airline representative,anchor,announcer,architect,artist,associate professor,astronaut,attendant,auditor,auto mechanic,baker,barber,baseball player,binman,blacksmith,boxer,broker(agent),budgeteer,bus driver,butcher, carpenter, cartoonist, cashier, chef, chemist, clerk,clown,cobbler,computer programmer,construction worker,cook,customs officer, dancer, dentist, designer, desk clerk,detective,doctor, door-to-door salesman, editor, electrician, engineer,farmer,fashion designer,fireman(firefighter),fisherman,florist,Foreign minister,gardener,gas station attendant,geologist,guard,guide,hiredresseer, housekeeper, housewife, interpreter, journalist,judge, lawyer, librarian, life guard, magician, masseur, mathematician,mechanic,miner,model,movie director movie star,musician,nurse,office clerk,office staff,operator,pharmacist,photographer,pilot,planner,policeman,postal clerk,President,real estate agent,receptionist,reporter,sailor,salesman/selespeople/salesperson,scientist,secretary,singer,soldiery,statistician,surveyor,tailor,teacher,technician,tour guide,translator,TV producer,vet,waiter,writer.Salary and benefits:health insurance,hourly wages,overtime pay,pay,retirement plan.Job tpyes:freelance position,full-time job,part-time job,temporary job.
2.讨论问题
whats your ideal job?Give your reasons?Whats your part-time job?/Recall your first job experience?if you were rich,would you still want a job?Why or why not?
小组作业:对话(Before the class,students have to collect information about job interview.)
主题:Interview for a job.Roles:An applicant,the personnel managers and assistant.
情景:the personnel manager interviews the applicant about his application for a position in ABC company.
提示:(1)What do you think of yourself?(In general,Im quite hard working,responsible,capable and outgoing./Basically,Im very easygoing,but I get very serious when I work.)(2)Do you take part in any activities during your college years?Why are you applying for this job?(Its very challenging./Its a great chance for me to learn./I think this job can give me the best chance to practice what I have learned in the university.)(3)Do you have any experience in this type of work?What do you know about our company?Is there anything you would like to know?(Yes,Id like to know about the working hours./what benifits there are for employees in your company?)(4)If we employ you,what starting salary would you expect?Useful words:social practice,part-time jobs,summer jobs,vacation jobs,extracurricular activities,recreational activitiessocial activities,scholarship,“Three Goods”student,excellent League member,vice-monitor,commissary in charge of studies,commissary in charge of sports,Party branch secretary,Student Union/council/association,department of publicity.
3.听力活动
Unit 5B The movie industry
讨论
1.One student describe the picture,another student should be able to guess which job is being described.(camera person,makeup artist,film editor,stuntperson,animal trainer,grip)2.Who is your favourite film editor?And his typical film?3.Who is your favourite actor/actress?And his/her typical film?Useful words:film industry,cinematograph,cinema pictures,first-runcinema,second-runcinema,continuous performance cinema,film societ,premiere, film festival, distributor, shooting schedule, release,banned film,A-certificate,U-certificate,X-certificate,direction,production,adaptation,scenario,screenplay,script,scene,exterior,lighting,shooting,shoot,special effects,slow motion,editing,cutting, montage, recording, soundrecording,sound effects,mix,mixing,dubbing,post synchronization,studio,(motion)film studio, set, stage, floor, properties, props, dolly,spotlight,clapper boards scenery, filming shooting, shooting angle, high angle shot,long shot,full shot,close-up,closeshot,medium shot,frame,picture,stil, l double exposure,superimposition, exposure meter,printing.
在口语教学中,要克服学生对英语开口说的恐惧。这种恐惧心理常导致学生在口语表达时显得焦虑和紧张,影响他们正常的思维和顺利的表达。造成这种心理的原因就是学生平时缺乏足够的口语练习机会。为了确保口语训练的顺利进行,教师必须安排足够的时间让学生进行语言交际实践,让学生在语言活动中逐渐获得运用语言的能力。除了课堂教学之外,学校应组织英语角,给学生业余时间提供练习口语的场所,让他们更大胆地用英语与人交流。犯错误是语言学习过程中必然的现象。杜雷(Duly)说:“不犯错误是学不会语言的。”在学生自由表达思想时,教师过多纠错不但会打断学生的思路,破坏其语流,还会使学生因害怕出错而不敢开口。教师的主要任务是帮助、鼓励学生开展各种口语活动以达到学生口语练习的最大实践量。语言学家凯巴(Kiparsky)曾强调说:“全局性的错误,即对交际造成很大干扰的错误,应予以重视。而局部的错误,随着语言学习的发展,自然会逐步解决。”同时要多创造真实语境,让学生开口,避免中式英语的使用。
同步测试是检查学生口语水平的好方法。因此,坚持在日常教学、期中和期末进行英语口语测试、评价也是必不可少的。在进行口语测试时可以采取机考的形式,将题目存入电脑,学生对机答题。题目类型一般有朗读短文,约半分钟;问答题,给出一个英语话题,用1分半钟回答;看图说话,既检测学生的口头表达能力还检测他们的想象力和组织能力。评分标准按照语音语调、流畅度、形态、交际能力等,反映学生的综合英语表达能力。
总之,在大学英语改革过程中,口语教学工作要从21世纪的国际全球化趋势出发,从学生的实际情况出发,在今后的教学过程中给学生创造更多的说的机会,从而提高语言的运用水平。
参考文献:
[1]Leo Jones,大学英语基础口语教程.学生用书2[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005.6.
[2]学外语三大误区:羞怯、瞎背、瞎说.中国教育网.外语教育学习技巧,2007.06.29.