名词性从句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

一、引导名词性从句的关联词

二、主语从句

在复合句中充当主语的从句叫作主语从句。

A.为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首。

That you are leaving is a pity. 你要走，真遗憾。

What matters is how you live. 重要的是你如何生活。

Where he lives is not clear. 他住哪儿不清楚。

Who will stay makes no difference. 谁留下来都一样。

Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.

足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。

点津坊

连词that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可以省略，附加疑问句

用it。

That he has lost his watch is not true, is it?

他手表丢了不是真的，是吗？

B.大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语

为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种：

1.It is+名词+that从句

Its a pity that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能去。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 英语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。

It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。

2.It is+形容词+that从句

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything.

很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?

下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

比 较

It is reported that there was a fire in the supermarket last night.

据报道超市昨晚失火了。(主语从句)

As is reported, there was a fire in the supermarket last night.

据报道超市昨晚失火了。(定语从句)

3.It+动词+that从句

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.

看起来艾丽丝根本不会来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day.

碰巧我那天外出了。 (=I happened to be out that day.)

4.It is+过去分词+that从句

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

5.其他情况

It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.

她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.

我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.

她突然想到她忘记锁门了。

6.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，宜用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。

Is it possible that they may complete the task ahead of time?

他们有可能提前完成任务吗？

Does it matter much that he wont be able to come tomorrow?

他明天来不了很要紧吗？

7.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，宜用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。

How strange it is that the students are so quiet!

学生们这么安静真奇怪！

What a shame it is that you cannot stay for dinner!

你不能留下来吃饭多可惜呀！

8.连接代词what, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。

Is what he told us really true?

他所告诉我们的的确是真的吗？

Whichever of you want to come to our party will be welcome.

你们中任何想来参加我们晚会的人都会受到欢迎。

C.使用虚拟语气的主语从句

1.在It is suggested/ordered/requested/insisted…+that从句中，谓语部分用“should+动词原形”，should常被省略。

It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.

有人建议我们再做一次实验。

2.在It is important/natural/necessary…+that从句中，谓语部分常用“should+动词原形”，should常被省略。

It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature. 我们要维持生态平衡，这是重要而且必不可少的。

3.在It is funny/strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/no wonder…+that从句中，有时谓语部分用“should+动词原形”，来表达说话者的感情色彩，此时should也可省略。

It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.

真遗憾,你竟然失去这么好的机会。

三、表语从句

表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

A.可接表语从句的连系动词

可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。

China is no longer what she used to be.

今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。

The question remains whether they will be able to help us.

问题还是他们能否帮我们。

It appears that he has a taste for music.

看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。

At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

B.as, as if/though引导的表语从句

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

他看起来还与十年前一样。

It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.

听起来好像有人在敲门。

C.because, why引导的表语从句

I think it is because you are talking too much.

我想这是因为你话说得太多。

Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。

（Thats because…强调原因）

Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。

（Thats why…强调结果）

注意

what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语

从句表示原因时要用that引导，一般不宜用because。

The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.

我难过的原因是他没有理解我。

What cost him his life was that he was too careless.

使他丧命的原因是他太粗心了。

D.使用虚拟语气的表语从句

在表示“建议、劝告、命令等”含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的名词有：advice,suggestion, order, proposal, insistence, plan, idea等。

My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.

我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

His proposal was that they(should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.

他的提议是向别的班级发起挑战，进行一场友谊竞赛。

四、宾语从句

在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

A. 作动词的宾语

He told us（that） he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。

Do you know whose dictionary it is? 你知道这是谁的字典？

He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan.

他已经通知我他们将什么时候讨论工作计划。

Give a reading list to whoever comes.

给所有来的人一份阅读书目。

注意：

doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if/whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问

句接that引导的宾语从句。

I doubt whether/if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

I do not doubt that he can recite the poem.

我相信他能把这首诗背下来。

Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会获胜吗?

B.作介词的宾语

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

They were praised or criticized according to how they had done their work. 他们受表扬还是受批评是根据他们的工作好坏而定。

注意：

that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后，如：except, in, but等。此时，

that不能省略。

I know little about him except that he lives downstairs.

我对他知之甚少，只知道他住在楼下。

He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to

reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。 C.作形容词的宾语

I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。

Im afraid (that) you dont understand what I said.

恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

Im surprised (that) I didnt see all that before.

我好奇怪，我以前没见过那一切。

D.用it作形式宾语的情况

1.和it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其经常出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

我们认为小王昨天没来很奇怪。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

他已表明他不会屈服。

2.由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。

You may depend on it that I shall always support you.

你可以放心我会永远支持你的。

Ill see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately.

我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。

3.在take, hide, see to, insit on, depend on等动词以及一些表示“好、恶”的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, dont mind, resent等）之后，形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。

I take it that hes not interested in the book.

我猜想他对这本书不感兴趣。

She hid it that she was married. 她隐瞒了她已婚的事实。

I dont like it when you look at me like that!我不喜欢你那样看我。

4.it不能作由连接代词 whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。

You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

Ill take whichever book interests me. 我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。

We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it.

我们乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。

E.宾语从句的语序

和其它名词性从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。

How can I get to the station? Can you tell me?

→Can you tell me how I can get to the station?

你能告诉我怎样去车站吗？

What does he like? I wonder.

→I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜欢什么。

“Where were you born?” He asked me.→He asked me where I was born. 他问我出生的地方。

比较：

He asked me what was the matter.

他问我出了什么事。(the matter=wrong)

He asked me what the matter was. 他问我那是什么物质。

F.宾语从句中的时态

1. 在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。

He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation.

他说自解放以来他一直住在北京。

He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English.

他明确地表示他更喜欢学英语。

2. 有时，宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。

You cant imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game. 你无法想像他们获得比赛第一名时是多么的兴奋。

Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring?

你能确定你把金戒指放哪儿了吗？

3. 客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。

Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun.

迈克问地球是否绕着太阳转。

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。

G.关于that的省略

一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。

1.用于某些固定短语中。

Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.

彼得是个好学生，只是有时粗心。

2.并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句时，and前面的that可以省略， and后面的that不能省略。

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.

大家都会看出所发生的事情,并知道Tom害怕了。

My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.

我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。

3.that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。

That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

4.主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。

He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner.

他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。

5.宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。

He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night.

他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。

H.宾语从句的否定转移

在I think, I consider, I believe, I suppose, I expect, I fancy等后的宾语从句，如有否定意思，一般要把否定词前移到主句的谓语上，从句的谓语用肯定形式。

I dont think he can do it better than me. 我想他不会干得比我好。

I dont believe they have finished their work yet.

我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不会在意的，是吗？

提示：

在下列情况下，宾语从句不用“否定转移”：

1. think等动词前有副词或表示强调的“do”

I really expect he wont fail the examination.

我真希望他能通过考试。

I do think that he is not fair. 我确实认为他是不公正的。

2. think等动词和其他动词构成并列谓语

I think and hope that he wont cheat at cards.

我想，也希望他打牌不会作弊。

3. think等动词作为插入语

His decision is not wise, I think. 我觉得他的决定并不明智。

I.使用虚拟语气的宾语从句

1.在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire等表示“建议、命令、要求、欲望”等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should常被省略。

He suggested that we (should) have a further discussion about the final decision. 他建议我们对最后的决定作进一步讨论。

She insisted that they (should) show her their passports.

她坚决要求他们向她出示护照。

2.在wish后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。

How I wish I had learned more! 我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！

He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad.

他希望能再有一次出国的机会。

J.含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句

1.反意疑问句一般与主句一致。

He said they were going to help me, didnt he？

他说过他们要帮我，不是吗？

She told you that the mat was her own work, didnt she?

她告诉过你这个垫子是她亲自做的，是吗？

2.当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。

I suppose youre serious, arent you? 我想你是当真的，不是吗？(不可用dont I)

I dont suppose hes serious, is he？ 我想他不是当真的，是吗？ (不可用do I)

提示：

如果主语是第二、第三人称，则疑问句部分与主句一致，且不存在否

定转移的问题。

You dont think we can speak English, do you?

你认为我们不会说英语，对吗？

He thinks hes got the right answer, doesnt he?

他认为自己找到了正确的答案，是吗？

五、同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。

A.同位语从句一般跟在名词后面

同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等后面。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

你在哪儿听说我不能来？

I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。

注意：

当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，

使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。

Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school

himself. 有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。

B.使用虚拟语气的同位语从句

在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的请求。

He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.

他建议我们坐火车去。