透析名词性从句高考热点

吴元培

一、由that引导的名词性从句

(Ⅰ) that 引导的主语从句：引导主语从句的 that 在从句中没有任何具体意义，仅仅起引导词作用，在从句中不充当任何成份，但不可省略。

（1）____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (02上海春季)

A. What B. That C. This D. Which

[解析]这是个主语从句。因为主语从句句意完整，只缺一个引导词，所以用that。这句话的意思是“国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异”。故答案为[B]。

[注意] 但为了避免“头重脚轻“， 特别是主语从句太长，常用形式主语it来保持句子平衡。

（2）It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life? (08上海卷)

A. if B. because C. when D. that

[解析]it是形式主语，代替由that引导的主语从句，故答案为[D]。

(Ⅱ) that引导的宾语从句：引导的宾语从句的 that 在从句中没有任何具体意义,仅仅起引导词作用，常可省略（尤其是从句简短时）；但如果宾语从句很复杂，句中有多个状语时或者有多个并列的宾语从句时，宾语从句前的that一般不省略。

With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.(06湖南卷)

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

[解析]分词feeling pleased后面缺少宾语，而这个宾语从句句意完整。故答案选[B]。

[注意] take/hide/see to/insist on/depend on/count on 等后接that引导的宾语从句时, 其后必须冠以形式宾语it。

You may depend on ____ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.

A. it B. them C. this D. /

Key:[A]

(Ⅲ) that引导的表语从句：表语从句在句子中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。引导表语从句的 that 在从句中没有任何具体意义 ，仅仅起引导词的作用，that一般不省略。

The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (07上海卷)

A. when B. why C. whether D. that

[解析]本题考查表语从句, 从句中句意完整, 故用that。所以答案为 [D]。

(Ⅳ)that 引导的同位语从句：同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后面, 对名词作进一步解释,说明名词所表示的具体内容。常接同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, idea, news, promise, decision, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question, opinion, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。由that引导的同位语从句在从句中没有任何具体意义,仅仅起引导词的作用, 但that不可省略。

Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (04上海春)

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

[解析]此句是由that引导的从句作promise的同位语,解释promise的具体内容。而前面的主句又是一个倒装句,这增加了试题的难度。故答案选[B]。

二、由what引导的名词性从句

what引导名词性从句既作连接代词又在从句中充当一定成分，在从句中可以充当主语、表语或宾语；并且what不能省略，名词性从句还要用陈述句的语序。

(Ⅰ)what 引导的主语从句：

____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. （07上海卷)

A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where

[解析]这是个主语从句。he referred to缺少宾语, what既引导主语从句,又作was unknown to the general reader的主语。故答案选[B]。

(Ⅱ)what 引导的表语从句：

Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, ____ it was so poorly equipped. (05安徽卷)

A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that

[解析]第一空由what引导表语从句，what作is的表语且作was的表语; 第二空由when引导定语从句。故选［A］。

(Ⅲ)what引导的宾语从句：

The companies are working together to create ____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.(08北京卷)

A. which B. that C. what D. who

[解析]这是一个宾语从句，what在句中引导宾语从句，what既作create的宾语，又作will be的主语；如用which则有一定的范围。故答案为[C]。

(Ⅳ)连词what和that引导名词性从句的差异：

that在从句中无实际意义，也不充当任何成分，只起连接主从句的作用；如果由that引导宾语从句，常可省略；如引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，that不能省略。what引导名词性从句，具有双重功能（既是连词又在句中充当成分），它既可指人，也可指物。用于指人时，what=the person(s) that,用于指物时，what=the thing(s) that。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。

(1)Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.(07江苏卷)

A. what B. why C. how D. whether

[解析]这是一个宾语从句，what在句中作介词for的宾语。故答案为[A]。

(2)You can only be sure of ____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.(07 安徽卷)

A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that

[解析]第一空考查宾语从句，作从句的宾语，所以用what；第二空考查定语从句，在从句中作get的宾语，且先行词是不定代词something，所以只能用that引导或省略，故答案选[B]。

三、由which引导的名词性从句

which在名词性从句中充当一定的成分，并且有实在意思，指代有一定范围的人或物，不可省略。

(1)The question is which team will win the champion.

(2)I have no idea which class he is in.

四、由whether与if引导的名词性从句

通常whether和if都可以引导宾语从句；但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句和介词后面的宾语从句以及后面跟or not时只能用whether而不能用if。

(1)We havent settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江苏卷)

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

Key：[C]

(2)____ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

(96NMET)

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

Key：[B]

(3)What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (01上海春)

A. when B. how C. whether D. why

Key：[C]

五、由whoever/whatever/whichever引导的名词性从句

whoever, whatever和whichever 均可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句, 且在句中充当一定的成分。whoever=no matter who(anyone who); whatever=no matter what(anything that); whichever=no matter which(anything that/anyone who)。

(1)____ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.

(08 浙江卷)

A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who

[解析]这是由whoever引导的主语从句。whoever作wants的主语，又作has to pay的主语；anyone与the one作先行词，关系代词作主语不能省略，故答案选 [C]。

(2)Could I speak to ____ is in charge of International Sales, please? (07 山东卷)

A. anyone B. someone

C. whoever D. no matter who

[解析]这是由whoever引导的宾语从句。whoever作介词to的宾语，又作is的主语；anyone与someone作先行词，关系代词作主语不能省略，no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。故答案选[C]。

(3)The employers often give the job to ____ they believe have work experience with a strong sense of duty.

A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those who

[解析]此句的意思是“雇主经常把工作提供给他们认为有工作经验且有强烈责任感的人”而不是把工作提供给任何人。所以答案选 [D]。

(4)Here are all the books I have. You may borrow ____ you like.

A. that B. which C. however D. whichever

[解析]whichever所指代的对象有一定的范围。根据句意“你可以借你喜欢的任何一本书”而不是某一本书。故答案选[D]。

六、考查其它的连接副词

连接副词在主语从句中起连词作用，同时又在从句中充当一定的句子成分。选用这些连接副词的关键是：所选的这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。

The last time we had great fun was ____ we were visiting the Water Park. (08天津卷)

A. where B. how C. when D. why

[解析]由于从句主干成分齐备，只能选用状语，由主句中The last time推测，应用when引导表语从句，作时间状语。故答案选[C]。

巩固性练习：从下列选项中选择最佳答案。

1. Its a little surprising that a house made of wood or bamboo may stay up in an earthquake while ____ is made of steel and concrete may fall down.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

2. Take care ____ you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.

A. of that B. about that C. for what D. that

3. ____ surprised me most was the news ____ our team won.

A. That; that B. What; which C. What; that D. That; which

4. ____ worried the doctors most was ____ they could find the cause of the disease as quickly as possible.

A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what

5. ____ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing makes the nation very excited.

A. That B. If C. Whether D. Whenever

6. The most exciting thing for him was ____ he finally found two tinned fruits in ____ seemed to him to be a servants bedroom.

A. what; that B. what; what C. that; that D. that; what

7. I dont think ____ he said about it is true

A. whether B. what C. that D. when

8. ——I see something lying in the corner moving.

——Let me see ____.

A. what is the matter B. what the matter is

C. what is matter D. matter is what

9. I shall see to ____ he is taken good care of when you are absent.

A. it B. / C. this D. it that

10. The headmaster made a suggestion ____ the sports meet be put off until next Sunday.

A. that B. what C. whether D. when

11. The news ____ is spreading around the airport is ____ a big

snowstorm will come attacking.

A. which; which B. /; that

C. that; which D. that; that

12. ——How do you think I can make up with Jack?

——Set aside ____ you disagree and try to find ____ you have in common.

A. what; what B. where; what

C. what; whether D. where; whether

13. We agreed to accept ____ they thought was the best professor in the college.

A. whatever B. whomever C. whichever D. whoever

14. ____ surprised me most was ____ they had finished the work so quickly.

A. What; what B. That; that C. That; what D. What; that

15. ____ is it ____ has made Tom ____ he is today?

A. What; that; that B. That; that; what

C. What; what; that D. What; that; what

Keys：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.D