无灵主语句在高中英语应用文写作中的应用

2024-10-08 00:00:00牟子龙
广东教育·高中 2024年9期

相较于读后续写,应用文写作更注重文章的交际性功能,在词汇和语句方面更显平实,描述性语言较少,也较少使用修辞。但在实际写作中,特定无灵主语句在应用文写作中仍是比较高级的表达。实际上,应用文是一个广义概念,其文体包括通信(求助、告知、询问、建议、申请、祝贺、投诉、邀请、感谢、推荐、致歉等)、通知(书面与口头)、演讲稿、欢迎/送辞、倡议书、新闻稿、宣传稿、征稿等,以下将讨论无灵主语句在不同应用文文体中的可能用途。

一、用于寒暄、告别

在通信类应用文写作中,考生有必要根据语境进行适当寒暄以显示文章的交际功能,同时也要根据场景适当表达离别时的关切,以下是一些例子:

[例1] I hope this letter finds you well (愿见信安| 用于开头寒暄).

[例2] May this message bring a smile to your face as it carries my best wishes (这消息带着我最美好的祝愿,望能给你带来微笑| 用于结尾祝愿).

[例3] The memories of our times together will linger long after this farewell (分别之后,我们共度时光的回忆将留在脑海| 用于欢送致辞).

[例4] The journey ahead promises new adventures, and I wish you all the best on your path (新的旅程,新的冒险,我祝愿你在旅途中一切顺利| 用于告别祝愿).

二、用于附加信息

在真实情境中,当写信人进行申请、求助、询问等时,可能会一并发送附件。而应用文写作要求考生适当补充细节,以增添内容,对于信件中可能会有的附加信息,我们也可以使用无灵主语句进行表达,以下是一些例子:

[例1] The enclosed questionnaire seeks your valuable feedback (随信附上的问卷希望得到您的宝贵反馈).

[例2] The enclosed resume details my qualifications and experience (随信附上的简历详细列出了我的资质和经验).

三、用于凸显文章目的

应用文写作带有明确目的。例如,在通信类应用文中,考生常常使用I am writing to do…在文章开头点出写作目的。这种开门见山的写法凸显了应用文的交际功能,是值得肯定的。但在有些情况下,细节的增添需要考生再次强调写作目的,此时可以使用无灵主语句来变化句型,以下是一些例子:

[例1] Words fail to express my gratitude/ Words cant describe my appreciation (感激之情难以言表| 感谢信).

[例2] Your insights were invaluable and made a difference to my final success (你的真知灼见是无价的,对我最终的成功起到了重要作用| 感谢信).

[例3] Hopefully, my suggestions can enable you to overcome the difficulty (希望我的建议能使你克服困难| 建议信).

[例4] Your presence will add immeasurable joy to this festive occasion (你的到场将会增添节日的快乐气氛| 邀请信).

[例5] Small as our personal power might be, our joint efforts can work wonders in helping solve the global problem of food shortage (尽管我们的个人力量可能很小,但我们的共同努力可以在帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题方面创造奇迹| 倡议书).

[例6] Every effort counts / matters / makes a difference (每一份努力都很重要| 倡议书).

[例7] It is a great honor to stand here and share with you my perspective on healthy lifestyle (很荣幸能站在这里与大家分享我对健康生活方式的看法| 演讲| 本句是以it为形式主语的无灵主语句).

[例8] It is a regret that I am unable to accompany you to the bookstore this Sunday as previously planned (很遗憾,我不能按原计划在这个星期天陪你去书店| 致歉).

四、用于表达要点内容

1. 用于建议的内容

在建议信中,使用无灵主语句可以使建议更加客观和中立,避免给人过于主观或强加于人的感觉。常见的句型表达以it为形式主语,例如It is suggested/ advised/ recommended that+从句以及It is necessary/ important/ crucial that + 从句,以下是一些例句:

[例1] It is sensible/advisable/wise/important that you should make conversations with others to improve your oral Chinese, which can strongly build up your confidence (通过与他人交谈来提高你的口语是明智的/可取的/明智的/重要的,这可以增强你的信心).

[例2] It is recommended that you should remove any kind of distraction to stay focused when learning (建议你在学习时消除所有干扰,保持专注).

2. 用于表达资质

申请信的要点内容涵盖个人资质,考生多使用I am good at 或I have a good command of 等句型。实际上,我们可以使用意为“精通于…”的抽象名词做主语,使用无灵主语句表达个人资质,使得内容更具有客观性,这一类名词通常有proficiency (精通语言), familiarity (熟悉), competence (能力), experience (经验)等,例如:

[例1] All successful activities in our class have fully witnessed my competence in organization (我们班所有成功的活动都充分证明了我的组织能力).

[例2] My proficiency in/ mastery of/ good command of English and Chinese removes the language barrier in my interactions with visitors (我对英语和汉语的熟练掌握消除了我与游客互动时的语言障碍).

[例3] The familiarity with Chinese painting culture enables me to present its beauty with vivid accounts (对中国绘画文化的熟悉使我能够用生动的叙述来呈现它的美).

3. 用于介绍活动及其意义

对于活动的介绍涉及多种应用文文体,例如邀请参与活动、通知开展活动、宣传某活动、报道某活动等,因此该点为考试的重点内容之一。同时介绍活动包括简介活动也涵盖了对于活动意义、影响的描述。在使用无灵主语句时,可以用时间、地点、活动做主语,以下是一些例子:

[例1] To facilitate the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese culture, the local museum will present/ display a splendid Chinese painting exhibition (为了促进对中国文化的美学鉴赏,当地博物馆将举办一场盛大的中国画展| 事前通知).

[例2] To ignite our passion for art and embrace beauty in our life, the fifth pottery exhibition will unveil its beauty next Monday/ will kick off at 8 a.m. on Saturday morning and last for three days (为了点燃我们对艺术的热情,拥抱生活中的美,第五届陶艺展将于下周一/周六上午8点开幕,为期三天| 事前通知).

[例3] The exhibition will never fail to live up to your expectations (展览绝不会辜负你的期望| 宣传).

[例4] Last Sunday witnessed the successful hosting of a Chinese painting exhibition in the local museum (上周日,当地博物馆成功举办了一场中国画展| 事后报道).

[例5] Last Friday, a fascinating English speech contest took place in our lecture hall from 3∶00 p.m. to 5∶00 p.m. (上周五下午3点到5点,我们在演讲厅举行了一场引人入胜的英语演讲比赛| 事后报道).

[例6] The activity received favorable comments/ feedback from the participants (活动得到了参与者的好评/反馈| 活动评价).

[例7] Not only can this activity provide you with an opportunity for workout, but it renders financial assistance to people in need (这项活动不仅能为你提供锻炼的机会,还能为有需要的人提供经济援助| 活动评价).

[例8] The campaign not only contributes to saving food but also helps enhance our social responsibility (这场运动不仅有助于节约粮食,而且有助于加强我们的社会责任| 活动评价).

[例9] The journey will expose you to / immerse you in the countless cultural relics and also offer you an insight into splendid Chinese culture (这段旅程将让你接触/沉浸在无数的文物中,也让你深入了解灿烂的中国文化| 活动评价).

[例10] Cruising down the river will feast your eyes on the picturesque scene of towering mountains, deep valleys and vast plains (顺流而下,您将饱览高耸的山脉、深谷和广阔的平原| 活动评价).

4. 用于图表描述

图表描述类文章暂未出现于新高考应用文写作,但作为应用文分类之一,有必要积累一定的语料,例如:

[例1] The report points out/ indicates that the majority of respondents support the governments environmental protection policies (报告指出,大多数受访者支持政府提出的环保政策).

[例2] Statistics/ Data reveal that the unemployment rate in the region has fallen to an all-time low (统计数据显示,该地区的失业率已经降至历史最低点).

[例3] The chart demonstrates/ illustrates a sharp increase in the number of internet users worldwide (图表显示,互联网用户数量在全球范围内急剧增长).

[例4] The picture/ image depicts/ portrays a group of children playing happily in the park (这张照片描绘了一群孩子在公园里快乐地玩耍).

【作者简介:中学二级教师,在《广东教育》《教学考试》等杂志发表过多篇文章,曾多次指导学生获得外研社杯全国一等奖、二十一世纪英语演讲比赛全国二等奖】

责任编辑 吴昊雷