近三年高考英语新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空命题特点及备考启示

2024-10-08 00:00:00卢庆荣
广东教育·高中 2024年9期

2024年高考英语新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空难住了不少学生,很多学生反映今年的题目难度很大,不仅文章整体难以理解,许多设空更是让人不明所以。纵观近三年高考英语新课标Ⅰ卷,语法填空确实有越来越“卷”的趋势。那么,近三年高考英语新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空到底有哪些特点?我们该如何从容应对?

一、弘扬中国文化是命题的主题

近三年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空语篇都凸显了弘扬中国文化的主题。2022年、2023年语篇分别介绍了中国计划建立第一个大熊猫国家公园及中国传统美食小笼包,2024年语篇则介绍了英国伍尔贝丁花园边缘的机械动力温室,展现出古代丝绸之路对当今英国花园的影响。这三篇文章从不同角度展现了中国的自然保护、美食文化以及中国历史在海外的影响。这要求考生要格外关注中国历史文化知识,熟悉社会发展动态、环境保护议题、科技进步的趋势,并积累与之相关的语言知识。

值得注意的是,三篇文章均出自国外期刊或网站。2022年语篇来自期刊Global Ecology and Conservation,2023年语篇出自饮食网站Seriouseats,2024年语篇则出自注重可持续生活方式的设计网站Inhabitat。因此,在备考过程中考生可以适当阅读外刊,了解不同国家的社会文化,学习地道的英语表达方式,提高阅读理解能力,扩大词汇量,培养批判性思维能力。

二、对词汇的考查更加全面深入

近三年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空对于词汇的要求越来越高,对于词汇的考查不再浮于表面,而是更加注重词汇的深度理解和掌握。

以2022年第62题为例。

[例1]The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and (eventually) achieve a desired level of population in the world.

通过设空前的separate以及后面的and homes of giant pandas能够判断出此空需要名词的复数形式,但是如果学生对于population作为“种群、族群”的含义不够了解,只知道其作为“人口”的不可数名词的含义,就可能会迟疑或出错。

再看2023年第63题。

[例2] The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.

设空处需要填写不定冠词a,如果学生不知道a touch of 作为“一点点、稍微的”的意思,很难填出正确答案。类似表达还有a whisper of bitterness (一丝苦涩)、a hint of sadness (些许悲伤)、a tinge of despair (一丝绝望)等,我们熟悉的《舌尖上的中国》的翻译A Bite of China也有异曲同工之妙。

2024年试题更为典型,来看56题。

[例3] The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective (functional) structure that is also beautiful.

本题考查词性转换,设空处作定语修饰名词techniques,而engineer意为“工程师”,要变为形容词engineering修饰techniques表示“工程技术”,故填engineering。此题的难点在于学生对于engineer“工程师”的意思非常熟悉,但是对于engineering的用法较为陌生,所以出错率很高。

再看60题。

[例4] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the (first) time.

通过分析可知,本题中walk为及物动词,在句子中作the Silk Route Garden的谓语,指的是“花园通过其设计和布局,使游客能够体验或‘走过’一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程”。整个段落用一般现在时来描述the Greenhouse和the Silk Route Garden的特点和功能,因此walk也需要使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式walks。想要做对这道题,学生可以通过分析,判断句子需要谓语动词,更要深入理解walk作为及物动词的不同的含义。

再看62题。

[例5]These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.

通过分析,设空应为被Western修饰的名词,通过前面的These plants和后面的such as rosemary, lavender and fennel不难看出此题考查名词的复数形式。学生的难点在于对于favourite作为形容词的“最喜欢的、特别喜爱的”的含义较为熟悉,而对其名词含义“特别喜爱的人(或事物)”较为陌生,从而无法填出正确答案。

从以上题目可以看出,语法填空对于词汇的考查更加深入、全面,不仅考查词汇的不同词性及含义,更注重考查词汇在英语中地道的表达。这要求我们要全面、深入地学习和掌握词汇,在语境中理解、学习词汇地道的用法,同时还要熟练掌握词性搭配。

小试牛刀:

1.During the holidays, many children choose to create roadside (stand) to earn some pocket money.

2.Large crowds were drawn to the exhibition of paintings by Monet (present) at the National Museum last week.

3.She lost the next five games, and the set, as her confidence abruptly (desert) her.

4.The roof (tear) by the storm that raged for hours.

5.His not-for-profit organization (run) 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.

参考答案:1.stands 2.presented 3.deserted 4.was torn 5.runs

三、注重长难句的理解和分析

近年来的新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空越来越注重对于长难句的理解和分析。

以2022年第59题为例。

[例6]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (were) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

本题考查increase作为动词的用法,首先要判断increase在句子中作谓语动词还是非谓语动词。难度在于所在的句子很长,一个句子就有35个单词。面对这种长句,首先要克服心理上的恐惧,然后再抽丝剥茧,去掉句子中的修饰成分如定语从句、介词短语等,只保留句子的主干,这样就能更容易判断出句子的主干以及动词的真正用法。去掉句子中areas后面的that引导的定语从句以及介词短语for giant pandas及in management,只剩下The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas, bringing many of the existing protected areas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies。本句中谓语动词是will extend,逗号后bringing及之后成分为非谓语动词,那么设空处一定也是非谓语动词,结合上下文意思以及后面的and reduce,可以判断出空格处需要to increase表示目的,意思是“该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量地区,把许多现有的保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少不一致性”。

2024年试题对于长句的考查更为典型。来看64题。

[例7] The Greenhouse stands (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 59 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the (richness) of gardening in England.

这个句子很长,共59个单词,但是经过分析,空格后的句子部分中有谓语动词brought,结合空格

前的the Silk Route以及句子意思“丝绸之路将植物从其原产地亚洲带到了英国,使英国的园艺更加丰富”,

可以判断出空格后是一个修饰名词的定语从句,所缺单词作从句的主语,故填that或which。

面对长难句的时候,首先要冷静下来,再对长句进行抽丝剥茧,去掉其修饰成分,凸显其主干,就能更容易填出正确的答案。

小试牛刀:

1.The tiny dog (own) by Florida resident Vanesa Semler, who also possessed the previous record holder, a 9.65 cm tall Chihuahua named Miracle Milly.

2.Just then, one of the people we had spoken with (tap) on the window on the passenger side.

3.Forget-me-not Café is part of the Alzheimer’s café concept which started in Europe and (bring) to the United States in 2008 by Jytte Lokvig, Ph. D.

4.Every gardener knows that (transform) a piece of land into a place filled with colorful flowers and delicious vegetables is time-consuming.

5.I think were moving in a new direction here and showing that without physical contact, we can move objects, and that motion can be controlled simply by programming is on the surface of that object.

6.For example, the country recently established the worlds first National Marine Sanctuary which bans any type of fishing (including commercial fishing) in 500,000 sq km of ocean, making it an ideal spot (see) one of 135 species of sharks and rays.

参考答案:1.was owned 2.tapped 3.was brought 4.transforming 5.what 6.to see

综上所述,想要在语法填空中脱颖而出,高分到手,考生需要特别关注与中国文化相关的英语文章,广泛涉猎外刊阅读,全面深入地学习和掌握词汇的用法,理解其不同语境下的用法和搭配,还要学会对长难句进行细致分析,抽丝剥茧般地理清其结构和逻辑关系。

【本文系珠海市教育科研“十四五”规划第三批(2023年度)课题“指向深度学习的高中英语阅读教学实践研究”(立项编号:2023ZHGHKT167)研究成果】

【作者简介:从教19年以来工作业绩突出,被评为珠海市优秀教师,荣获珠海市青年教师技能大赛一等奖,所带班级被评为珠海市高考质量优秀班级。主持省市级课题3项,在《广东教育》(高中)等杂志发表论文多篇,多篇论文获省市级奖项】

责任编辑 吴昊雷