郭佳丽
《考试说明》中书面表达评分标准第五档(21~25分)中有“尽力使用较复杂结构”的要求。这样的要求说明:书面表达对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。为使所写文章显得富有文采、展现出综合运用语言的能力,考生应避免使用结构单一的单句,而应多采用复杂的且多样化的句子结构。
技巧一:应用倒装结构
倒装结构是一种高级语法结构,可以有效增加作文的亮点。通过使用倒装结构,可以让句子更加生动,同时能使句子更具表现力和感染力。考生在写作时应注意掌握下列倒装结构:否定词(如 seldom, nev- er,rarely等)置于句首引起的倒装结构;“Only+状语”句型的倒装;so...that引导的句子中,so 置于句首的半倒装句;介词短语置于句首引起的倒装结构。
例1:Only after I had traveled to several countries did I realize how much there is to learn about different cultures.
例2:So passionately did the speaker recite the po- em that she failed to notice the confused expressions on her audience s faces.
技巧二:应用复合句式结构
复合句可以让语言更加紧凑和清晰。复合句式结构中主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等。定语从句会用到限制性与非限制性定语从句;状语从句会用到原因状语从句、结果状语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句等九种从句;名词性从句会用到主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句等四种从句。这些句子结构复杂多变,考生在综合应用时需注意不仅要正确使用各种句子结构,还要有组织地安排句子的顺序和层次关系,以便让文意更加连贯和易于理解。
例3:Although she had already seen the movietwice (状语从句), who was a big fan of the actor(定语从句), wanted to see it again with her friends in the cin-ema, where they would enjoy the experience (定語从句).
例4:After he finished his homework (状语从句),Tom realized that his best friend, who was always therefor him (定语从句), seemed upset today(宾语从句).When he asked why(状语从句), his friend replied thathe had failed his math test (宾语从句).
技巧三:应用非谓语结构
在英语写作中,使用非谓语结构可以使得句子更加流畅和高级,也可以更好地表达作者的意图和思想。非谓语结构包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。正确使用非谓语结构可以体现考生高超的语言运用能力。
例5:To enhance his understanding of the lan-guage, he became a member of an English speakingcommunity.(动词不定式)
例6:Disappointed with the results of the exam,they studied harder for the next one.(过去分词)
例7:Feeling exhausted after the long hike, hedozed off as soon as he sat down on the grassy hill.(现在分词)
总之,在书面表达中,考生可以多运用倒装结构、非谓语结构和复合句结构,增加文章的表现力,体现自己对语言的掌控力,从而获得高分。