“对社会有突出贡献的人物”主题作业精选

余爱香 李魏芳 朱巧敏

（广东省河源市东源高级中学）

主题语境：人与社会之对社会有突出贡献的人物

主题语境与教材：新人教版必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues,选择性必修一Unit 1 People of Achievement

单元主题概述：新人教版必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 与选择性必修一Unit 1 People of Achievement 以国内外杰出的医学家、科学家、艺术家、文学家等及其对社会的突出贡献及其深远价值为话题。

主题语境与高考：2016年全国Ⅰ卷阅读A篇，2017年浙江卷完形填空，2018年浙江卷阅读A 篇，2018 年全国Ⅲ卷阅读C 篇，2019 全国Ⅱ卷语法填空，2020 年全国Ⅰ卷书面表达，2021 年全国新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C 篇。

第一部分：主题语境夯实基础篇

一、夯实必备知识

（一）主题单词中英互译(略)

（二）词块翻译

1.first aid ____________________

2.in despair ____________________

3.pass away __________________

4.be hired as __________________

5.the Nobel Prize ______________

6.tend patients ________________

7.mourn sb.as ______________________

8.be awarded to ______________________

9.insist on doing sth. ___________________

10.moral dilemma ____________________

11.take up a position __________________

12.宁愿做某事 ______________________

13.结果 ____________________________

14.辞职 ____________________________

15.流着泪，含着泪 __________________

16.毕业于 __________________________

17.为……负责 ______________________

18.在公众眼里 ______________________

19.扮演重要的角色 __________________

20.作为……而出名 __________________

21.带有……的目标 __________________

22.为了纪念…… ____________________

23.帮助某人渡过难关 ________________

24.对……做出巨大贡献 ______________

（三）主题词汇词性转变（说明：全部选自教材）

1.marryv.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→_______n.结婚；婚姻

2.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→_____________n.反应；回答；回复

3.rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→___________n.拒绝接受；否决

4.majoradj.主要的;大的;重要的→_______n.大部分;大多数

5.appointvt.任命；委派→__________n.约会；任命；委任→____________adj.约定的；指定的

6.electvt.选举；推选→_________n.选举；推选；当选

7.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→_________adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ _____________adj.令人恐惧的

8.operatevt.&vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→________n.手术；企业；经营→________n.操作员；话务员；经营者

9.accidentn.（交通）事故，意外遭遇→______adj.偶然的→__________adv.偶然地

10.gradualadj.逐渐的→________adv.逐渐地

11.evaluatevt.评价；评估→________n.评价；评估

12.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_____________n.区别；差别

13.noveln.(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；珍奇的→_____________n.小说家

14.politicn.政治→____________n.政治家；从政者；政客→ __________adj.政治的

15.gentleadj.温柔的；文静的→___________adv.温柔地；温和地

16.passionn.酷爱；激情→_______________adj.有激情的

17.professorn.教授→__________n.职业，行业→________adj.职业的n.专业人士

18.analysevt.分析→_____________n.分析

19.sciencen.科学→____________n.科学家→__________adj.科学的→________adv.科学地

20.sumvi.总结，概括n.金额，总数→___________n.总结

二、即时演练

（一）写出下列画线词语的汉语意思

1.He was at this time in his late fifties,a tall,elegant man with good features and thick dark hair.

__________

2.It is the capable people that we seek to work with;otherwise we cannot develop quickly and smoothly. __________

3.She was very sympathetic to the problems of adult students.

__________

4.Somewhere out there was a desperate man,cold,hungry,hunted.

__________

5.Virtue,as a precious stone,is brighter against a plain background.

__________

6.A British woman who won a $ 1 million prize after she was named the World’s Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.（2021 年全国新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C 篇）

__________

7.No one will ever know what mix of talent,ambition,energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018 年浙江卷阅读A 改编)

__________

8.In 1870,when Dickens died,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher,famous and beloved.(2018 年浙江卷阅读A 篇)

__________

9.Winning is not the prime objective in this sport and people should see the result objectively.

__________

10.Her condition took a sharp turn for the worse.

__________

11.She describes her own moral dilemma in making the film.

__________

12.For its various usages,it is easy to attack and difficult to be defended with its unique might.

___________

13.There is nothing we can do to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.(必修二 Unit 2)

___________

14.I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.（2021 年全国新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C 篇)

___________

15.It is universally acknowledged that Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time and he was also a really great person. __________

（二）单句语法填空

1.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always _______(energy).（2018 年全国Ⅰ卷语言知识运用第二节）

2.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known _______ the“mother of ten thousand babies”.（必修二 Unit 2）

3....it is our creative spirit,our visionary sense of freshness,_______ has been our_______ (strong)for centuries.（2021 年全国Ⅱ卷阅读C 篇改编）

4.The_______ (major) of students show great respect for their teachers.

5....China has a________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.(2022 年全国乙卷语言知识运用第二节)

6.It’s impossible to tell who will win the next_______(elect).

7.After Dr.Berthune’s death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article _______ memory of him.

8.When he looked down,he _______(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.(2022 年全国新高考Ⅱ卷语言运用第二节)

9.When he realized that the bear was coming back to attack him,he felt so_______(scare).(2020 年浙江卷读后续写)

10.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which_______(gradual) turned into chopsticks.(2016 年新课标Ⅲ卷英语知识运用第二节)

11.Sun Yat-sen was widely considered to be the_______(found) and forerunner of modern China.(选择性必修一Unit 1)

12.He committed himself to _______(serve) the people all his life.

13.Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable _______(evaluate).

14.We _____ (impress) by the old man,_______was not willing to acknowledge defeat.(选择性必修一Unit 1)

15.Another way of setting realistic goals is_______ (analyse) your short and long term_______(objective),keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.

16.As the small boat moved,_______(gentle)along the river,he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷语言知识运用第二节）

（三）语篇语法填空

At age 5,Lin Qiaozhi was affected 1.__________(deep) by her mother’s death.At age 18,she decided to study medicine instead of 2.__________(follow)the traditional path of marriage.After graduating from Peking Union Medical College with the Wenhai Scholarship,3.__________ highest prize given to 4.__________(graduate),she 5.__________(hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Several years later,she was sent to study in Europe and then the US,6.__________she was invited to stay by her colleagues but she 7.__________(reject) their offer.In 1941,Lin Qiaozhi became the first Chinese woman ever 8.__________(appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.In 1954 she was elected to the first National People’s Congress.However,despite all these important positions,she was more interested in tending patients,9.__________(publish) medical research on care for women and children,and training the next generation of doctors.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known 10._____________the“mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50 000 babies in her lifetime.

三、主题语境写作句子翻译

1.对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵的了。

To a person,nothing is____________________ .

2.林毕业于北京协和医学院（PUMC），获得了文海奖学金，这是授予毕业生的最高奖项。

Lin ______________ Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship,___________________.

3.作为医生，我们应该对病人负责，并把他们当作我们的姐妹来对待。

As doctors,we should _____________________the patients and _________________ our sisters.

4.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“一万个孩子的母亲”，一生中接生了5 万多个孩子。

Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she____________________ the“mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50 000 babies in her lifetime.

5.亨利•诺曼•白求恩是一名加拿大医生他，非常有创造力并有着帮助人们的决心。

Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor_____________________.

6.尽管困难重重，白求恩医生还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。

_____________,Dr.Berthune did_______________________________ the Chinese people.

7.白求恩医生逝世后，毛泽东写了一篇纪念他的文章，他在文章中称赞白求恩医生在中国是值得铭记的英雄。

After Dr.Berthune’s death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article ________________________ him,in which he __________ Dr.Berthune ____________ to be remembered in China.

8.阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦，他也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。

Albert Einstein,___________________________in modern physics,____________________________one of the smartest men who ever lived.

9.爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，还是一个勇敢且善良的人，受到许多人的爱戴。

Einstein was not only___________________ ;he was a _____________________________________ .

10.在公众眼中，他看起来有点古怪，但很善良，也很有趣。

To the public,______________________________________________________________________ .

第二部分：主题语境综合能力提升篇

一、阅读真题

While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.

Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu，a 49-year-old Chinese architect,won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.

Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA).His office is located at the Xiangshan campus（校 园) of the university in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.

The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills,forming a unique view.

Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).

Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,said Tadao Ando,the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.

“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.

“Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.

The study of traditions should be combined with practice.Otherwise,the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty,he said.

1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.

A.following the latest world trend

B.getting international recognition

C.working harder than ever before

D.relying on foreign architects

2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?

A.Its hilly environment.

B.Its large size.

C.Its unique style.

D.Its diverse functions.

3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?

A.The mixture of different shapes.

B.The balance of East and West.

C.The use of popular techniques.

D.The harmony of old and new.

4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?

A.Spread them to the world.

B.Preserve them at museums.

C.Teach them in universities.

D.Recreate them in practice.

二、语法填空真题

A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___1___（be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，___2___ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have ___3__（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.

Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene____4___（declare）she had no plans ___5_（retire）from her 36-year-old business.Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___6_（make）over the years.I work not because I have to,___7___ because I want to.”

Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said，“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call ___8___（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was ___9___ joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It’s ___10___ (wonder）.”

三、主题语境写作

（2020 年全国Ⅰ卷）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1.人物简介；

2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。

注意：

1.词数100 左右；

2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。

The person I respect

There are many respectable people around us.___

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

第三部分：高考真题二次开发

2018 年全国Ⅲ卷阅读C 篇

一、主题词汇过关翻译

1.fruitful________

2.landmark________

3.tower________

4.architect________

5.architecture________

6.brick________

7.technique________

8.mixture________

9.work________

10.create________

11.combine________

12.recreation________

13.artificial________

14.seal________

15.make great efforts to do...________

16.serve as...________

17.be located at ...________

18.be amazed by...________

19.rise and fall________

20.form a unique view________

21.attract a lot of attention________

22.thanks to...________

23.refer to...________

24.rather than...________

25.focus on...________

26.be combined with...________

二、熟词生义语境中辨析。(写出画线部分的语境之义)

1.While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.（ ）

2.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA).（ ）

3.The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills,forming a unique view.（ ）

三、单句语法填空

1.His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his ___________(origin) creations.

2.The curves(曲线) of the buildings__________(perfect) match the rise and fall of hills,forming a unique view.

3.He asked the workers to use_______ (tradition)techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.

4.“Through such _______ balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,”said Tadao Ando,the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

5.Wang Shu，a 49-year-old Chinese architect,won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize,_______ is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture —on February 28.

6.Wang collected more than 7 million ________(abandon) bricks of different ages.

7.Wang’s works show a deep _____(understand)of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.

8.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to __________(it) mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).

四、长难句分析与翻译

In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.

分析：这是一个复合句。and 连接的两个that从句是并列的____从句，修饰先行词the things。

译文：______________________________。

五、用所给的词或词块翻译句子

1.钟南山医生一直在努力地专注于新冠的治疗（make great efforts to ;focus on;treatment)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.他被认为是中国医学界最伟大的医生之一。（be referred to as ...)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.多亏了他的讲解，人们对新冠有了更深的理解和更好的了解。（thanks to...;explanation;have a deep understanding;have a good knowledge of...)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.他说他们已经取得了丰硕的成果。（fruitful)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.他相信如果我们把决心和实际行动结合起来，总有一天，我们会赢得这场战役。(be combined with;win)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、用适当的承接词，将以上句子形成篇章

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________