解暑利湿不伤津

文/庞素银

“万瓦鳞鳞若火龙，日车不动汗珠融。”小暑过后，一年之中气温最高的“三伏天”如约而至，频繁的雷暴让天气既闷热又潮湿，让人饱受暑湿困扰。

"During Minor Heat the sunshine is like burning dragon and make you sweat buckets all the time." After Minor Heat,the "dog days",the hottest days of the year,are around the corner.Frequent thunderstorms make the weather hot and humid,people suffer from heat and dampness during the period.

悬榜求医 Posting a reward for doctor

相传公元1141年的仲夏，金朝丞相韩企先得了一种怪病，发热口渴，小便不畅，大便泄痢。家人遍访名医，病势却不减反增，皇帝金熙宗闻讯派太医上门诊治，也寸功未取，无奈之下只好全国悬榜求医。

According to legend,in the midsummer of 1141,Han Qixian,the prime minister of the Jin Dynasty,got a strange disease with the symptom of fever and thirst,urination difficulties,diarrhea.His family visited famous doctors all over the nation,but the disease was not cured but aggravated.The emperor Jin Xizong sent imperial physician to diagnose the disease but it didn't work.As a result,the emperor posted a reward for the doctor to cure the illness.

当时，仅20岁的刘完素揭榜应诊，经望闻问切，断为“暑湿”之证，取滑石、甘草为方，谓之六一散。韩丞相照方用药三剂，病情就大为好转。此后，刘完素婉辞丞相“从政”之邀，继续潜心攻读医学，终成一代名医宗师，位居金元四大家之首。

At that time,Liu Wansu,of only 20 years old,took up the gauntlet.After inspecting,listening,inquiring and palpating the patient,he diagnosed the syndrome of "summer dampness".He took the talc,licorice as prescription and called it "Liuyi Powder".Prime Minister Han took three doses of the medicine and his condition improved greatly.Since then,Liu Wansu declined the invitation of the prime minister to "enter politics" and continued to study medicine with great concentration.Eventually he became a famous medical master and was honored as the first of four great physicians of the Jin and Yuan period.

凡间仙药 Immortal medicine in mortal world

六一散配方简单，将滑石、甘草按照6:1的比例研成细末即可。其中，滑石清热解暑，通利水道，能使三焦湿热从小便泄出，为君药；生甘草和中益气，避免滑石伤胃，为臣药。

The formula of Liuyi Powder was simple.Talc and licorice were to be ground into fine powder according to the ratio of 6:1.Among them,talc was the monarch medicine with the effect to clear and relieve summer heat and promote diuresis from triple energizer.Raw licorice was the minister medicine with the effect of harmonizing the middle energizer,reinforcingqiand protecting the stomach from being hurt by talc.

图1 滑石

图2 甘草（生）

因为药价低廉、疗效奇佳，六一散备受明代医学大家李时珍推崇，称之为“凡间仙药”。服用时可加白蜂蜜少许，以温开水调服，腹泻或呕吐者则改用生姜汤，每次服用6 g～9 g，每日2～3次。

Because of its low price and excellent curative effect,Liuyi Powder was praised highly by Li Shizhen,a great physician of the Ming Dynasty,and was called "Immortal medicine in mortal world".When being taken,a little white honey can be added with warm water.In case of symptom of diarrhea or vomiting,Liuyi Powder should be taken with ginger soup instead.It have to be dosed two or three times a day and from six to nine grams each time.

改良妙用 Formula Improvement

六一散搭配不同辅药还成就了许多夏季治疗暑病的良方。如心烦明显者，可加少许朱砂，清心解暑、静心安神，谓之“益元散”；肝火上炎，伴有咽痛目赤、口舌生疮者，可加少许青黛，清泄肝火，又名“碧玉散”；兼有轻微恶寒、头痛头胀者，可加少许鲜薄荷叶捣汁，疏风解表，因薄荷又名鸡苏，故称“鸡苏散”。

Many good prescriptions for summer-heat disease were derived from formula of Liuyi Powder.For symptom of anxiety,a little cinnabar could be added for clearing heart and tranquilization,which was called "Yi Yuan San".For symptom of liver-fire rise;sore;sore throat and red eye,Indigo Naturalis could be added to clear liverfire,which was called "Bi Yu Powder ".For symptom of slight aversion to cold,headache and head swelling,fresh Mentha haplocalyx leaf juice could be added to clean heat and expel wind pathogen.The Mentha haplocalyx was also called "Chinese fieldnettle" so the prescription was also called "Ji Su San".

现代研究证明，六一散具有利尿、抗菌、保护黏膜的功效，可广泛用于膀胱炎、尿道炎、泌尿系结石等。此外，六一散不仅可以内服，还能外用，夏季洗浴后以此涂擦身体，能有效防治痱子和湿疹，这就是大名鼎鼎的“痱子粉”。

Modern research has proved that Liuyi Powder has the effect of diuretic,antibacterial and mucosal protection,and can be widely used in cystitis,urethritis and urinary calculi.In addition,Liuyi Powder can not only be taken internally,but also for external use.After taking a bath in summer,it can be applied to the body,which can effectively prevent and cure prickly heat and eczema.This is the famous "Prickly heat powder".

结 语 Conclusion

“暑病每多挟湿，湿阻于里。”六一散的标准密码在于“解暑利湿”，药性平和，祛暑而不留湿，利尿而不伤津，真乃治疗暑病的“凡间仙药”！

"Summer-heat disease always accompanies dampness and dampness stagnates in the body." The standard password of Liuyisan lies in "relieving heat and promoting diuresis".It is mild in nature and eliminates heat without leaving dampness and promotes diuresis without injuring body fluid.So Liuyi Powder is known as the "Immortal medicine in mortal world" for treating summer-heat diseases.