华井满：为“开往春天的列车”铺路

文/本刊记者 杨艳

With blooming flowers along Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT)Line 2 every spring, “the train bound for spring” starts to “pull in” and becomes a popular site on social media. Line 2 is the first Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line as well as a witness to friendly exchanges between China and Japan and international economic and technical cooperation ever since the reform and opening-up in Chongqing.

Through decades of development, Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Lines connect the bustling city, offer residents more convenient transportation,promote related industries, and bring new growth drivers for Chongqing’s society and economy.

Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line 2 was completed after 10 years of preparation and 5 years of construction, which can’t be done without Mitsuru Hanai, the economic adviser of Chongqing Municipal Government and former company president of Asahi Trading Co., LTD. Not only did he endeavor to promote economic and trade cooperation between Chongqing and Japan, but also played a major part in advancing Chongqing’s opening-up.

每到春天，贯穿于花海中的重庆轨道交通2号线和“开往春天的列车”就成为国内外网红景点。这是重庆第一条轨道交通线路，是重庆改革开放以来，中日友好交往与国际经济技术合作的见证。

一条条轨道交通，历经数十年发展，串连起繁华城市，方便了市民出行，带动了相关产业发展，为重庆社会经济创造了新的增长点。

重庆轨道交通2号线经历10年筹备、5年建设，这其中有一人功不可没。重庆市政府经济顾问、日本朝阳贸易株式会社原会长华井满，他不仅为促进重庆与日本两地之间的经贸产业合作付出不懈努力，也为推动重庆对外开放发挥了独特作用。

In October 2005, Mitsuru Hanai (second from left) visited Chongqing and took Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.2005年10月，华井满（左二）在重庆试乘轨道交通2号线。

Mitsuru Hanai (second from right) visited the production workshop.华井满（右二）到生产车间考察。

In 1985, having been appointed as the economic adviser of Chongqing Municipal Government, Mitsuru Hanai worked tirelessly to support major international projects like air condition compressor of Chongqing Jianshe Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd., air separation unit of Chongqing Iron ＆ Steel Co.,Ltd and Kansai Painting Project and contributed a lot to Chongqing’s Rail Transit construction, especially for Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line 2 and Line 3.

Introducing Academician-Level Senior Technical Expert from Overseas

According to Shen Xiaoyang, an expert of Chongqing Rail Transit Academician Work Station, the first thing Mitsuru Hanai did for Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line 2 was to offer the constructive advice of technology cooperation by introducing academician-level technical expert from overseas.

In April 1990, Chongqing sent a delegation to Japan to study its rail transit. “Mitsuru Hanai is passionate, capable, amiable and fluent in Mandarin.Not only is he familiar with China’s national condition and Chongqing city condition, but also he has a good understanding of rail transit technology and workflows of Chinese and Japanese institutions. ”Shen Xiaoyang said.

In the discussion and technical exchanges with Misao Sugawara, the high-level technical advisor of Japan Railway Technical Service (JARTS),Mitsuru Hanai proposed a crucial plan for future work: The feasibility research of Chongqing rail transit project needs to be included in the Sino-Japan science and technology cooperation plan and should apply for the approval of the National Science and Technology Commission. JICA (formerly Japan International Cooperation Agency) shall carry out the feasibility research of Chongqing rail transit project with aid gratis assistance. The conclusion drawn from this report served as an important reference for taking loans from Japanese government and seeking support from the competent departments of both countries and included the project in the alternative project list of Japan’s Official Development Assistance.

1985年，华井满受聘为重庆市政府经济顾问后，不遗余力地支持重庆建设集团空调压缩机、重钢制氧厂、关西涂料等对外开放重大项目。尤其为重庆轨道交通2号线、3号线项目建设和轨道产业发展等作出了突出贡献。

举荐院士级海外高级技术合作专家

“华井满先生为重庆轨道交通2号线建设做的第一件事，就是提出了由科技合作起步的方向性建议，举荐了院士级的海外高级技术合作专家。”重庆轨道交通院士专家工作站专家沈晓阳回忆。

1990年4月，重庆组织代表团赴日本考察轨道交通。“华井满先生热情干练、和气可亲，普通话流利，不仅深知中国国情、重庆市情，对中日两国机构工作流程、轨道交通技术也比较了解。”沈晓阳说。

在与日本海外铁道技术协力协会最高技术顾问菅原操进行技术交流与商研中，华井满提出了关键性的工作方向建议：申请国家科委立项，将重庆轨道交通项目可行性调查列入中日科技合作计划，由JICA（原日本国际协力事业团）采用无偿援助方式开展重庆轨道交通项目可行性研究。以此可行性调查报告结论，作为利用日本政府贷款的重要依据，争取两国政府主管部门的支持，列入日本政府开发援助贷款备选项目计划。

重庆市很快就采纳了利用外资的路径图建议，积极推进科技合作项目与利用国外政府贷款建设轨道交通2号线等工作。

此后，经华井满引荐的日本轨道交通界最高技术权威菅原操便与重庆轨道交通结下不解之缘，20余年持之以恒地深度参与，其功绩得到高度认可，并在2009年荣获中国政府“友谊奖”。

亲赴工厂车间协调技术合作谈判

2002年初，重庆在引进日本单轨车辆生产技术制造轨道交通2号线列车的技术合作谈判遇到困难，双方专家意见分歧较大，谈判暂停对重庆轨道交通2号线按期通车带来较大影响。

Chongqing soon adopted the road map proposal for the use of foreign capital and advanced scientific and technological cooperation projects and the construction of Rail Transit Line 2 with foreign government loans. Since then, Misao Sugawara, the high-level technical expert in the Japanese rail transit industry introduced by Mitsuru Hanai, has forged a bond with Chongqing Rail Transit, and has been continuously involved in the project for more than 20 years.His achievements have been highly recognized, and he was awarded the National Friendship Award by Chinese government in 2009.

Coordinating Technical Cooperation Negotiations in Factories

At the beginning of 2002, Chongqing encountered difficulties in the technical cooperation negotiations on the introduction of Japanese monorail vehicle production technology to manufacture trains for Rail Transit Line 2. The negotiations had to be suspended due to differences of opinions of experts from both sides, which posed a major obstacle for Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 to open on schedule.

Shen Xiaoyang, then general manager of Chongqing Rail Transit Group, immediately informed Mitsuru Hanai of the situation by fax. “Upon receiving the news, Mitsuru Hanai departed from Tokyo for Beijing to coordinate negotiations with us in Changchun Bus Factory. Thanks to his efforts, Japanese experts came to the site for inspection and recognized the quality of Chinese production equipment and technology. The two sides exchanged their production technology and Chinese experts and engineers were arranged to visit Japanese factories for exchange and training. A consensus had been reached on technical cooperation in the production of Chongqing monorail trains made in China,” which, according to Shen Xiaoyang, marked the official beginning of China’s monorail vehicle technology industry.

In July 2003, Mitsuru Hanai made preparations for Chongqing delegation to visit and discuss work with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, as an effort to secure loans from the Japanese government for the construction of Rail Transit Line 3.During the discussion on Chongqing’s introduction of monorail technology and its application, promotion, and industry development in China, Mitsuru Hanai put forward specific suggestions such as establishing joint ventures. Since then, he has been actively coordinating with Hitachi, Mitsui and Chongqing Rail Transit Group, China Railway Construction Corporation and China Railway Engineering to establish the Chinese-Foreign joint venture Chongqing Monorail Transit Engineering Co., Ltd. The Chongqing rail project has promoted the company to both address domestic needs and go global. It is reported to have served a number of urban rail projects in China, built the Daegu monorail in South Korea in cooperation with Hitachi, and participated in the international competition in the monorail market in Brazil and Southeast Asian countries.

July 2003, PC beam erection in Liziba Station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.2003年7月，轨道交通2号线李子坝PC梁架设。

February 2004, construction of the Niujiaotuo Station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.2004年2月，轨道交通2号线牛角沱站施工建设。

时任重庆轨道交通总公司总经理的沈晓阳随即用传真向华井满通报了相关情况。“华井满先生得知消息，立即从东京飞到北京与我们同往长春客车厂协调商研，最终促成日方专家来到现场考察，从而认可中方生产设备与工艺质量，共同交流生产技术，并安排中方专家和工程师赴日本工厂车间考察交流培训，取得了技术合作生产中国制造的重庆单轨列车的共识。”沈晓阳说，这意味着中国单轨车辆技术产业正式启动。

为争取利用日本政府贷款建设轨道交通3号线，2003年7月，通过华井满的事前安排，重庆代表团访日，拜会日本国际协力银行并进行工作会谈。在商讨“重庆引进单轨技术后在中国应用推广并构建产业”相关工作时，华井满提出成立合资公司等具体工作建议。此后，他一直积极协调日立公司、三井物产等同重庆轨道集团、中铁建、中铁工共同设立了中外合资重庆单轨工程技术公司。以重庆轨道工程为依托，面向中国市场，走向海外市场。据介绍，该公司现已服务于国内多个城市轨道工程，并与日立公司合作建成韩国大丘单轨，还参与巴西和东南亚多国的单轨市场的国际竞争。

Handprints of Mitsuru Hanai on Rail Transit Builders Memorial Wall.轻轨建设者纪念墙上的华井满手印。摄影/杨艳

As the first straddle monorail line in China,Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 has won the “Tien-yow Jeme Civil Engineering Prize” and awarded “Ten National Environmental Friendly Projects”. All this would not be possible without the enthusiasm and hard work of railway builders from both China and Japan.

At Fotuguan Station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2,there is a commemoration wall with a height of 12 meters and a width of 21 meters, on which the hand prints of 322 experts and engineers from China and Japan formed the writing“Monorail Builders”. The monorail relief below is engraved with the list of the main participating units, as a testament to the friendly cooperation between China and Japan.

On May 12, 2022, a video conference was held by the Chongqing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries on the 90th birthday of Mitsuru Hanai,the economic adviser of Chongqing Municipal Government.The 90-year-old Mitsuru Hanai said that the Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 was meant to solve the travel inconveniences of residents brought by the high mountains and narrow roads in Chongqing. Picking up the letter of appointment as the economic adviser of the Chongqing Municipal Government,he said that what he had done for Chongqing was done for his own hometown and that he was willing to continue his efforts. He hoped that the next generations of the two sides would continue to strengthen exchanges and ties between China and Japan.

Photos/Offered by the Interviewees if not under

Certain Names

重庆轨道交通2号线作为中国第一条跨座式单轨线路，曾荣获“中国土木工程詹天佑奖”“国家环境友好工程奖”……这是中日两国轨道建设者倾注的热情和辛勤耕耘换来的。

在重庆轨道交通2号线佛图关车站，有一面高12米、宽21米的纪念墙，由中日两国专家、工程师等322人的手印组成“轻轨建设者”字样，下方的单轨列车浮雕镌刻着主要参建单位名录。这正是中日友好合作的见证。

2022年5月12日，由重庆市人民对外友好协会主办的市政府经济顾问华井满90寿辰生日祝福视频会举行。视频连线中，90岁的华井满感动地表示，参与重庆轨道交通2号线建设的初衷，是因为重庆山高路窄，希望解决老百姓出行不便的问题。他拿起重庆市政府经济顾问的聘书说，为重庆所做的事是为自己家乡而做的，愿意继续做下去。希望两地下一代继续加强沟通、互通往来、增进友谊，共续中日友好情谊。