Abstracts

TheSpiritofFourPoliticalDocumentsRelatingtoSino-JapaneseRelationsandtheHistoryofBilateralRelationsoverthePastFiftyYears

LYUYaodong

Abstract:The fifty-year practice since the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations has proved that in order to stabilize the bilateral relations, both China and Japan must adhere to the four political documents and the four-point principle consensus relating to the Sino-Japanese relations, handle contradictions through positive dialogues and properl consultation, strengthen all-round exchanges and cooperation and constantly enhance political mutual trust. The Sino-Japanese relations are still at a critical stage, and the way to adhere to the four political documents and the spirit of the four-point principle consensus reached between China and Japan on improving Sino-Japanese relations, effectively resolve strategic differences between the two countries, seek common interests and maintain the continuity of sound bilateral interactions is not only linked with bilateral relations but also regional and global development.

Keywords:Sino-Japanese Relations; normalization of the Sino-Japanese Relations; four political documents on the Sino-Japanese relations; four-point principle consensus

FiftyYearsofSino-JapaneseEconomicRelations:fromFriendlyCooperationtoWin-winCooperationofMutualBenefit

ZHANGYulai

Abstract：Economic relations are often described as a cornerstone of Sino-Japanese relations, especially when bilateral political relations have experienced ups and downs, and great expectations have been placed on economic relations. The Sino-Japanese economic relations since 1972 can be roughly divided into three stages, namely from te normalization of Sino-Japanese relations in the 1970s to the early 1990, when Sino-Japanese friendship promoted the bilateral economic cooperation, the first decade since the end of the Cold War when the wave of economic globalization promoted the economic cooperation and Japan’s second investment boom in China, and the years since China’s entry into the WTO and its integration into the world economic system when the global value chain system has made the Sino-Japanese economic cooperation on a mutual benefit and win-win basis. the Sino-Japanese economic relations have once again come to a new crossroads, where opportunities and challenges coexist and the action of political decisionmakers of both the countries will undoubtedly become crucial.

Keywords：Sino-Japanese economic relations;friendly cooperation; win-win cooperation of mutual benefit; economic globalization; global value chain

China-JapanExchangesandCooperationintheFieldofSocialGovernance:ontheFiftiethAnniversaryoftheNormalizationofRelationsbetweenChinaandJapan

HUPeng

Abstract: During the Fiftieth years since the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations, many social problems have emerged in China and Japan in different historical periods, and both countries have been working to solve those problems and trying to explore ways of social governance suitable for their national conditions.The mutual learning of their social governance experience has positive significance for the development of the two countries and the improvement of their bilateral relations.China and Japan are highly complementary in social governance and enjoy broad space for cooperation. Over the past half century, despite ups and downs in Sino-Japanese relations, exchanges and cooperation in social governance have not been interrupted, especially in disaster management, environmental protection, epidemic prevention and control and social governance for the elderly population. Exchanges between China and Japan in social governance serve as the foundation of China-Japan relations and will bring more benefits to the peoples of the two countries and boost the development of Sino-Japanese relations.

Keywords: normalization of Sino-Japanese relations; social governance; Sino-Japanese relations; exchange and cooperation

SouthKorea’sSpaceStrategy:Objectives,ImplementationandEffectiveness

JIANGLongfan,CENZhengqi

Abstract: Under the Moon Jae-in administration, the South Korean government issued a series of space development planning documents, the movitation of which include security needs to expand emerging strategic space and strengthen the situational awareness of the DPRK as well as people’s livelihood considerations based on stimulating the national defense economic industry and improving the quality of life of the people. The Moon jae-in administration has achieved some remarkable results in space strategy by setting up policy frameworks, building infrastructure, constructing space operations, strengthening international cooperation and encouraging public-private cooperation. However, due to the constraints relating to the policy of United States, the weakness of research and development strength and the lack of economic returns, the Moon Jae-in administration’s space strategy also reveals certain limitation. In the future, in view of the continuous enhancement of the “strategic flexibility” of the ROK-U.S. alliance, the emerging strategic orientation of the ROK’s space strategy of containing China deserves attention.

Keywords: Moon Jae-in administration; space strategy; Korea-U.S. alliance; space operation

PartyPoliticsinSouthKorea:focusingontheTwertiethPresidentialElection

LIYongchun

Abstract：On March 9, 2022, South Korea held its 20th presidential election, in which the problems relating to South Korean party politics such as social polarization, “reunion and separation” and two-party system have not changed yet. Due to soaring housing prices, frequent failed moves of the government and factional disputes, the Democratic Party candidate Lee Jae-myung narrowly lost to the People Power Party candidate Yoon Suk-yeol. In the future, the pattern of “weaker ruling party and stronger opposition parties”will intensify the government-parliament controversy. All political parties will face a reshuffle and its result will affect the direction of South Korean party politics.

Keywords: South Korea; party politics; presidential election; regime change; government-parliament controversy

Japan’sStrategicOptionintheContextofU.S.IntensifiedStrategicCompetitionagainstChina

LUHao

Abstract: The Biden administration has maintained and intensified strategic competition against China. In that context, the China-U.S. -Japan trilateral relations show a new trend, among which the U.S.-Japan alliance strengthens while China-Japan relations tend to worsen. The trilateral relations between China, the U.S. and Japan focus on fields of ideology, economy and technology, Taiwan issue and Indo-Pacific. The U.S. and Japan have strengthened their joint efforts to deter China, but there are still differences in their policies toward China in specific areas. As an active role among the trilateral relations, Japan continues to focus on China-U.S. relations with the strategic independence as its core goal, tending to rely on the leading system of allies but also attempt to maintain “flexible”within it, carrying on diplomacy of values in the international order construction and accelerating the reform of national security strategy. Japan’s strategic option will have an important impact on the development of trilateral relations between China, U.S. and Japan and the situation in the Asia-Pacific region.

Keywords: U.S. Containment against China; China-U.S.-Japan trilateral relations; China-Japan relations; Japan; strategic option

TheEugenicsPolicyandItsEffectinPostwarJapan:AnExaminationBasedonthe“EugenicsProtectionLaw”

CHENGZhiyan

Abstract: In order to deal with the population boom after the defeat of the WWII, the Japanese government paid attention to the improvement of the quality of population while suppressing the growth of population. In order to eliminate the birth of “defective” offspring and prevent “national reverse selection”, the Japanese authorities issued and implemented the “eugenics protection law” from the standpoint of eugenics. The law strengthened the regulations on “eugenics” and legalized the sterilization and induced abortion for eugenics. The concept of eugenics in the law has also gradually accepted by the Japanese society through school education. The law not only infringes on the human rights of the disabled, but also, to some extent, further intensifies the social discrimination against the disabled and juvenile offenders, exposing the limitations of the Japanese democratic system.

Keywords: eugenics protection law; eugenics policy; ethnic reverse elimination; national eugenics law

AReviewofJapan’sPolicytowardsAfghanistanwithintheFrameworkofJapan-U.S.AllianceintheNewCentury

WANGNing

Abstract: After the outbreak of 9-11 incident, Japan actively intervened in Afghanistan to support the US-led “global war on terror”. In that process, the difference of views relating its national role among Japanese political elite groups have become a key variable affecting the change of Japan’s foreign policy towards Afghanistan. Based on the national role orientation of different ruling parties and leaders, Japan’s foreign policy towards Afghanistan has experienced three stages, namely active military and economic intervention, large-scale economic aid and reduction of economic aid. Although Japan’s active participation in Afghanistan has won praise from the U.S., its aid policy has limited effect and cannot really promote the national reconstruction of Afghanistan. Meanwhile, the regular dispatch of Japan’s troop (SDF)overseas has also caused concern among its neighboring countries.

Keywords: Japan’s foreign policy; Japan’s policy towards Afghanistan; Japan-U.S. alliance

RussianGrainSecurityandSino-RussianGrainCooperation

JIANGJing

Abstract: Since the outbreak the crisis in Ukraine, Russia has adopted a series of agricultural policies and measures with “import substitution” as the strategic orientation, which effectively promotes the country’s grain production and the output and export volume of core agricultural products, including grain.In the face of the global grain crisis, Russia has made full use of the means of grain diplomacy, proposing to export grain only to friendly countries in rubles or local currency settlement. At present, the scale of Sino-Russian grain cooperation, although not very large, grows rapidly, and China approves the access of Russian agricultural products in short time. Especially, with the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) in the Eurasian region, the prospect for grain cooperation between China and Russia is promising. In the future, grain cooperation between the two sides should focus on the grain supply chain, the construction of a grain security community, cooperation in the whole grain industry chain, financial services for grain trade and multi-channel supply of feed and grain.

Keywords: grain export; grain security; guarantee measure; Impact; Sino-Russian grain cooperation

MiningCooperationbetweenMongoliaandAustralia

QIZhiye

Abstract:Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Australia in 1972, the diplomatic relations between the two countries has experienced nearly twenty years of stagnation during the Cold War period, fifteen years of warming up after the end of the Cold War and fifteen years of stability from 2007 until now. After the end of the Cold War, in the development process of Mongolia-Australia relations, education cooperation first followed by mining cooperation, and then gradually developed wrth feature of mining as the mainstay and education as the supplement and Mongolia once regarded Australia as its national development model. The development of Mongolia-Australia relations is closely related to the cooperation in the mining field between the two countries. Meanwhile, the “Dubai agreement” dispute and other setbacks in mining cooperation also profoundly affect the development of bilateral relations.

Keywords: Mongdia;Australia;mining cooperation

Japan’sTechnicalProgressandJapan-U.S.EconomicFrictionintheMiddleandLateTwentiethCentury

CHANGXiao

Abstract: In the middle and late 20th century, Japan’s technological progress had an important impact on the economic friction between Japan and the United States. On the one hand, Japan continued to improve its industrial competitiveness through technological progress, which led to the worsening of the Japan-U.S. trade imbalance. On the other hand, Japan’s technological progress posed a threat on the technological hegemony of the United States, prompting the U.S.to take a series of means to contain Japan’s development, which further intensified the economic friction between the two countries. From the early 1950s to the late 1990s, the Japan-U.S. economic frictions generally had shifted from low-tech industrial frictions to medium-high-tech industrial frictions, and then to high-tech industrial frictions. Japan’s experience of dealing with the technological oppression from the U.S. is worth studying deeply.

Keywords: Japan；technological progress；Japan-U.S. economic friction；influence；lessons；experience