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Summary Remarksand Contents

Following Old Terms of the Previous Dynasty:Politics and Society of the Qinghai Mongolian Bannersin the Republic of China………………………………………………………LIQinpu（003）

In 1912，the imperial state was transformed into the national state，which was considered the fundamental revolution of China in the past two thousand years.However，the politics and the society of theÖgeled in Qinghai still remained the vassal system of the former dynasty.The princes were still princes，with titles promoted and salaries increased，and their yearly visit to the national capital resumed.High-rank lamas are were still noble monks，with titles promoted and salaries increased，and their yearly visit to the capital as well as reincarnation resumed.All the civilians，their subordinates，are albatu（servants from generation to generation）.The structure of all social power has not changed，and the monks and common nobles prefer to return to the real imperial state.During the period of Nanjing National Government，social changes originated from local turmoil and government development，which led to the power laxity of the banner government and Lama temples.

An Exploration into the History of Khosot Mongolsin mid 16th Century to Early 17th Century……………………………………………………………………………Heilong WANG Jun（018）

In the period of Tokhon，Khoshot joined the Oirats.Later，after nearly a century of development，Khoshot began to flourish in the middle of the 16th century，and the Khoshot nobles Bobai，Khani Noyan Khonggor，Baibagas and Torobayiku successively became the leaders of the Oirats’alliance.They made great efforts for the development the Oirats by leading them to overthrow the rule of Eastern Mongols and resist the influence of Russia and Kazak.

Khalkhas’Obligationsand Burdensduring Qing Dynasty……………………………………………………Boyanchogt，ZHANG Qixing，MA Tingji（026）

The four tribesof Khalkha in the Qing Dynasty owed a wide range of taxes and obligated labor to the imperial court.In addition to wartime service，they usually bore such obligated labor as serving at courier station，military station，border guards，border patrol，official pasture，military farming and more.The burden wasfar beyond the capacity of local manpower and financial resources.

A Research of the Old Tang Shiwei Military Governor’s City…………………SUN Wenzheng（032）

The Shiwei was an ancient nationality living in the Non River Valley，and had established contact with the Chinese Inner land states since the Northern Wei Dynasty.In Tang Dynasty，the governor’s office of Shiwei was set up to exercise effective jurisdiction over the people of Shiwei，which stabilized the relationship between Tang court and Shiwei.Among the relations between Tang and Shiwei，Northern Shiwei had the closest relationship with the Tang.Northern Shiweiwas divided into nine parts and lived around Tuhe Mountain.In the ancient city of Ilaha in Nenjiang County，there are two walls，the inside and the outside.The inner wall site should be the old city of Shiwei Military Governor in Tang Dynasty.Its construction time was either the period of“winter live in city”，which was recorded in History of Wei，or the period the Shiwei Military Governor’swasin rule.

A Study of Summer Palace of Galdantseren，the Hontaiji of Zungaria………………………………………………………………………………………Nasanbayar（040）

The Zungar Khanate was a local regime established by the Zungars，one of the four Oirats of Western Mongolia，who existed from the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century.Galdantseren the fifth Hontaiji in the Zungarian Khanate，the Zungarian political establishments and economy has been greatly developed duringhis reign.Relying on his economic strength，he built many buildingsin the Ili River Valley，the political center of the khanate，including the famous Gulza Temple（Golden-roofed Tempel）and Khanag Temple（Silver-roofed Temple）.At the same time，a palace was built on the bank of Khashaat Lake in Khojigor area on the south side of Ili River.There are many springs，lush forests and grasses in this area.Based on a Manchu map from Qianlong era of Qing Dynasty collected by the first historical archives，this paper tries to restore thegeneral situation of thesummer palaceof Galdatseren.

The Lifeof the Descendentsof Mongolian Turgut Prince Palta………………………………………………………………………LIU Xunlian Wang Wei（049）

Prince Palta wasa famous Xinjiang Mongolian prince in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.He had an important influence on Sino-Russian relations in Xinjiang and the educational undertakings of Xinjiang Mongolians.This article introduces the genealogy of Prince Palta’s family and made some clarifications and supplementary explanations on the experience and life of his descendents.The eldest son Minjurtsewandordji inherited his father’s title，but stayed in the central government for a long time.He was a member of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Committee of the National Government.After the regime change，he went into exile in Taiwan.The eldest daughter，Nirjitma，studied in Europe in her early years and met some international travelers after returning China.She made many contributions to the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries and the spread of Mongolian culture，finally settled in France.The second son Tsedandorjiexperienced ups and downs，and eventually spent his life on hismotherland as a university professor of German language.Prince Palta’s family story is a typical sample of the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West，and the personal fate of his family members are the embodiment of thepolitical vicissitudesof theupper classin Chinain the20th century.

A Research on the Frontier Official Nayamboo‘s Political Activities in the Northwest Frontier in Qing Dynasty……………………………………………………………………………LIU Hui（058）

This artical takes Nayamboo as the research object，and makes a textual research on his political activitiesin the northwest frontier.In 1810，when Nayamboowastransferred to Yarkand，he investigated and handled the Sancheng case，solved the local maladministration，and standardized the collection of property tax in Xinjiang.In 1823，Nayamboo acted asthe Minister of Kashgar affairs，drafted the Mongolian trade regulations，solved the Mongolian trade disputes，and maintained the livelihood of Mongols.In 1826，during Jahangir’s rebellion，Nayamboo successively served as Minister of Kuqa and Wushi，helping them to deal with military supplies and suppressing Buruts.Nayamboo’s activities in Northwest China not only maintained the great unification pattern of the Qing Dynasty politically，economically and militarily，but also demonstrated the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country，which not only depended on some key historical figures，but also depended on the long-term cost of human resources invested by the state.It was the result of the joint efforts of countless frontier officials and people of all nationalities.

The Actual Effect of Nayancheng’s Handling of Tibetan Affairsand the Reasonsfor His Success and Failure…………………………………………………………………………WU Yashu（066）

During the years of Jiaqing and Daoguang，the frequent cases of stealing and plundering Mongolia by the Tibets in Qinghai made the Qing Dynasty begin to pay attention to the rectification of the Tibetan affairs in order to stabilize the border areas.During his appointment as Minister of Xining affairs and governor of Shaanxi and Gansu，Nayancheng successively took political，economic，military and other measures to deal with affairs under the guiding ideology of"suppressing and pacifying at the same time"and"preventing blocking and separating".Although he achieved some short-term results，from the frequent occurrence of cases in the late Qing Dynasty，the actual effect of his measures was a failure.The reasons for the success and failure of Nayancheng’s handling of the affairs were not only the factors of the Qing Dynasty，but also the factorsof Nayanchenghimself.

The Custom of Eagle Hunting in the Yuan Dynasty and Eagle Workshopsin the Koryo Period………………………………………………………………………………………Uyungowa（076）

Eagle hunting is one of the traditional Mongolian customs.The custom and system of eagle hunting in the Yuan dynasty is derived fromthe counterparts of Khitans and Jurchens in the Liao and Jin dynasties.The custom of eagle hunting of the Yuan dynasty influenced on the Koryo dynasty.The eagle workshops and its commissioners played an important role on the tributary relationship between the Yuan dynasty and Koryo Kingdom.During the regime of Kublai Khan，the Yuan court sent commissioners for eagle hunting to Koryo frequently.The Koryo court also sent commissioners of eagle workshops to hunt eagles with the commissioners from the Yuan in all prefectures in Koryo.The commissioners for eagles hunting of the Yuan kept close relationship with eagle workshops of Koryo.Because of drawbacks of the eagle workshops at some extent，it had the experience of establishing，closing and re-establishing during the periods of King Zhong’xuan，King Zhong’mu and King Gong’min in the Koryo Kingdom.

The Textual Research on the Edition and Origin of the Military Achievements in the Years of Wanli………………………………………………………………………………………ZHU Xiyu（089）

The Military Achievements in the Years of Wanli is an important historical source for the study of Chinese nationalities.It was written in the 40th year of Wanli（1612）.For a long time，there are four complete editions of the book，such as Zhong Hua Book Company edition，Taiwan Yiwen Yinshu Guan edition，XuXiu Siku Quanshu edition，Siku Jinhui Shu CongKan edition.It has been widely used by scholars.Meanwhile，Huangming Xiuwen Beishi also included part of contents of Wanli Wugong Lu.This article based on the detailed analysis and comparison of the four editions of The Military Achievements in the Years of Wanli，making an investigation on the source and development of their original editions.It is believed that the original copies of Zhonghua Shuju edition and the Xuxiu Siku Quanshu edition are both The Military Achievements in the Years of Wanli which discovered in Tianjin Library in 1962 while Zuben Wanli Wugong Lu published by Taiwan Yiwen Yinshu Guan is a result of directly copying the text that published by Zhonghua Shuju.

Recall of the Field Work by Jamtsa for Jangar…………………………………………………………………………………Ochirjab Taivan（101）

Jamtsa，born in 1934 in Wusu，Xinjiang，was once a reporter of the Mongolian Editorial Department of Xinjiang Daily.After the establishment of the leading group of Jangar in Xinjiang in November 1979，he was transferred to the group of collecting folk literature data，and from then on he began to have an indissoluble bond with Jangar.Since March，1981，the working group of Jamtsa hasbeen to Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture，Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture，Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture，Tacheng region，Altay region and other places where Mongolian people live in communities，to collect firsthand materials related to folk literature，and has done a lot of work for inheriting and protecting Mongolian Folk Culture.In this paper，the author has interviewed Jamtsa for many times to sort out what he saw and heard in the process of collecting folks such as Jangar in those years，record his excellent fieldwork methods and the enlightenment for carrying out the work of collecting and sorting folk literature in the future.

An Overview of the Research on Hasboo’s Character Theory in the 21st Century…………………………………………………………………………………………Chengel（111）

Hasboo，Oglige-e Bayasqulant Geriin Ejen，Behd Hobdog Hobuun，was a Mongolian scholar of the Dream of Red Mansion Dream and literary critic in the Qing Dynasty.He translated one hundred and twenty chapters of Dream of Red Mansion into forty chapters in classical Mongolian，and left 43 valuable articles，setting a precedent for Mongolian people to read and study A Dream of Red Mansion.Throughout Hasboo’s literary theory，the comments on the characters in the book are the most classic.This paper intends to summarize the research on Hasboo’s character theory by combing the 21st century Hasboo’scharacter theory research and also analyzes the characteristics of Hasboo’s character theory research.On the basis of the achievements and deficiencies in the field，the trend of the future research on Hasboo’s character theory is proposed.The study of Hasiboo’s literary theory is an important part of the study of Mongolian literary theory，and it is one of the indispensable contents of the study of the related area and even the theory of ancient Chinese novels.By summarizing and analyzing the academic circles’research on Hasboo’s literary theory，it has enriched Hasboo’s research and research of the Dream of Red Mansion，and it has certain practical significance in promotingtherelationship between Mongolian and Chineseliterature.

Keywords:21st century;Hasboo’scharacter theory;research;review

On the Formulaic Expression in the Text of Ja.Jnai’s Jangar Singing………………………………………………………………………………………Khairkhan（119）

Formula refers to the idioms or habitual forms of expression repeatedly used in folk literature.Oral poeticsisa new research direction in the field of oral research and poetic criticism.Thispaper，based on the theory of formula，upholds the oral poetics analysis of Ja.Junai’s Jangar，and puts forward its own views on the theory of oral poeticsand thepractical problemsof Mongolian epic.