基于问题导向式健康教育在耳穴压豆后皮肤损伤中的观察及护理干预

孙利华 张华

[摘要] 目的 探討基于问题导向式健康教育在预防无先兆偏头痛患者耳穴压豆后皮肤损伤中的护理效果。 方法 选取2015年1月～2018年12月在本院耳穴门诊接受治疗的556例无先兆偏头痛患者为受试对象，按照就诊时间顺序将2015年1月～2016年12月的286例作为对照组，2017年1月～2018年12月就诊的270例设为观察组。两组患者均给予耳穴压豆治疗，每周1次，治疗10次为一个疗程，对照组予以常规健康教育，观察组在对照组基础上给予问题导向式健康教育，一个疗程结束后比较两组患者耳部皮肤损伤并发症发生率、治疗依从性及满意度情况。 结果 观察组270例完成治疗，对照组286例3例脱落，最终283例获得有效数据，对照组35例患者发生皮肤损伤并发症，发生率为12.37%，治疗依从性从93.29%降至90.81%，患者满意度为93.29%;观察组8例患者发生并发症，发生率为2.96%，耳穴压豆依从性从92.59%升至96.67%，患者满意度为97.78%;两组患者并发症发生率、治疗依从性、满意度比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 基于问题导向式的健康教育能降低耳穴压豆后皮肤损伤并发症，提高治疗依从性，提高患者满意度，值得临床推广应用。

[关键词] 偏头痛;耳穴压豆;皮肤损伤;健康教育

[中图分类号] R473.2          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2020）24-0154-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the nursing effect of problem-based health education in the prevention of skin damage after auricular acupressure in patients with migraine without aura. Methods 556 migraine patients without aura who were treated in our ear acupuncture clinic from January 2015 to December 2018 were selected as the test subjects. According to the order of treatment time from January 2015 to December 2016， a total of 286 patients were selected as the control group， and 270 patients who visited the hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were set as the observation group. Patients in both groups were treated with ear acupoint bean pressing， once a week， with 10 times as a course of treatment. The control group was given regular health education， and the observation group was given problem-oriented health education on the basis of the control group. The incidence of complication of ear skin injury， treatment compliance and satisfaction of patients between the two groups were compared after one course of treatment. Results 270 cases in the observation group completed the treatment. 3 cases of 286 patients in the control group fell off. Finally， 283 cases obtained effective data. The 35 patients in the control group developed skin injury complications， with the incidence rate of 12.37%， treatment compliance decreasing from 93.29% to 90.81%， patient satisfaction of 93.29%. 8 patients in the observation group had complications， with the incidence rate of 2.96%， the compliance of auricular acupressure from 92.59% to 96.67%， and patient satisfaction of 97.78%. There were significant differences in the incidence of complications， treatment compliance， and satisfaction between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion Problem-based health education can reduce the complications of skin damage after ear acupoint bean pressing， improve treatment compliance， and improve patient satisfaction， which is worthy of clinical application.