高三英语阅读理解长难句分析策略及学以致用实操训练之学案初探

岳燕

本案是基于英語学科备考育人过程中所应围绕的核心必备知识、关键能力和学科素养而展开的思考设计，做了本次关于高三备考英语阅读理解长难句分析策略及学以致用实操训练的课程指导探索和尝试。本案设计目的是有效帮助高三学生解决阅读英文文本中遇到的长难句分析理解问题，希望同学们在掌握了本案所指导的分析思路和方法后能快速判断长难句中修饰性成分，准确找到句子主干，从而明确主旨大意，准确答题。文本练习素材取自高考真题，希望本案对高三备考教学具有一定启发和指导意义。学案设计如下：

Teaching and learning targets：

1.Enable students to recognize the basic English sentence structures from the long and difficult sentences;

2.Help students to have a command of the approaches to simplifying the long and difficult sentences and analyzing the sentences precisely so that they can better understand the meaning of each sentence;

3.Students can apply the skills and strategies learned today to practice.

一、分析长难句的前提是先能准确判断简单句的基本结构和类型，其次是能识别什么是依附于句子主干结构的修饰性成分

Warming up：Observe the following sentences and judge the sentence structures.

1.The idea sounds interesting.The idea to travel abroad sounds very interesting.   What he suggested sounds interesting.

2.The car stopped.Suddenly，the car stopped at that moment.The car stopped when the traffic light turned red.

3.Foreigners study Chinese.To be honest，many foreigners study Chinese nowadays because China has become an influential country around the world.

4.He gave me two books.He，my best friend， gave me two books which are written by Lu Xun.

5...6...7...8...

Reflection 1：What makes the simple sentence structures complicated？What are their functions？

Summary _______________________________________________________________________________

Reflection 2：How to simplify the long and difficult sentences ？

Summary ：_______________________________________________________________________________

二、针对长难句分析练习进行分类指导练习，让学生更清晰地认识句子结构，分析判断思维更成体系

Sorted exercises ：make sure you use the core rules and effective methods to analyse the following sentences.

1.含有较多修饰成分的__________

Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.

2...3...4...5...

三、有效的学习方法指导必须配上精选的练习，鼓励学生合作学习分析判断长难句

Consolidation exercises：apply what your have learned to analysing the following sentences.

1.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons---a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.

Main idea ：__________________________________________________________________________________

2...3....4...5...

四、学以致用，方可真正收获真知

1. Back in 1983， as two scientists reported， young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.（2017年全国二卷）

What does a plant do when it is under attack？

A.It makes noise.     B.It gets help from other plants.

C. It stands quietly.   D. It sends out certain chemicals.

...

重要的學习策略和指导思想要有效被掌握并传承，需要经典浓缩的方法概括和总结。这样既方便教师有效指导学生，也方便学生记忆学习和运用。因此，本人结合教学和学习积累及感悟，指导学生进行如下思维记忆指导。

长难句分析指导思想：跳过修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构——先化长为短，化繁为简;再寻关联，辨逻辑，准确翻译。实操策略：①“一划”主干;②“二括”：介词短语、非谓语、连词从句和插入语及标点符号;③“三会意”：明确主干句意。

本人在高三英语备考教学中使用本案后，思考如下：

一部分学生的词汇和语法基础较薄弱，尽管拥有了有效的指导方法，但词汇和语法却成了阻碍学生继续深入学习认知，强化学习能力和优化思维判断路上的“拦路虎”。因此，本案更适合实验小尖班学生。另外，高三各种备考策略的指导和有效运用的前提，必须有扎实的词汇和语法作保障。否则，老师们费尽心思给学生传授的“大招”、“套路”，学生接受不了，也不上道儿。学生若想在高三有英语学科学习能力的突飞猛进就必须在高一、高二学习过程中夯实基础，基础夯实了，能力才能得以提升，学习思维才能进一步优化，最终，全面实现英语学科核心素养的目标和要求。