采供血人员职业暴露因素调查及预防措施

杨红欣 张佰华

[摘要] 目的 調查采供血人员职业暴露因素并探讨其预防措施。方法 运用回顾性调查方法回顾2017年8月—2019年8月该服务部发生并登记的职业暴露案例30例，分类统计分析职业暴露案例，分析采血人员职业暴露岗位分布情况、发生环节、处理情况。结果 30例外采血人员职业暴露岗位主要分布在采血岗，占总数的53.3%;其次为热合岗，占总数的23.3%;再次为检验岗、医疗废物收集，分别占总数的10.0%、6.7%。30例外采血人员职业暴露的发生环节主要在静脉穿刺，占总数的23.3%;其次为针头分离，占总数的16.7%;再次为针头回套、连接灭活耗材，均占总数的13.3%;之后为热合，占总数的10.0%;最后为离心、整理医疗废物，均占总数的6.7%。30例采供血人员中，职业暴露后正确处理20例，部分正确处理7例，错误处理3例，分别占总数的66.7%、23.3%、10.0%;做血液筛查17例，占总数的56.7%。均没有感染血源性传播疾病。 结论 职业暴露发生情况合并，应依据外采血人员职业暴露因素采取有针对性的预防措施。

[关键词] 采供血人员;职业暴露;影响因素;预防

[中图分类号] R7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）06（b）-0001-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the occupational exposure factors of blood collection and supply personnel and explore their preventive measures. Methods Thirty occupational exposure cases occurred and registered in the service department from August 2017 to August 2019 were reviewed by retrospective survery methods， and occupational exposure cases were classified and analyzed statistically. Then analyze the occupational exposure position distribution， occurrence links， and treatment of blood sampling personnel. Results The occupational exposure positions of the 30 exceptional blood collection personnel were mainly distributed in blood collection posts， accounting for 53.3% of the total; followed by heat-sealed posts， accounting for 23.3% of the total; once again， inspection posts and clinical waste collection， accounting for 10.0% and 6.7% of the total， respectively. Occurrence of occupational exposure of 30 exceptional blood sampling personnel was mainly venipuncture， which accounted for 23.3% of the total; followed by needle separation， which accounted for 16.7% of the total; once again， needle reattachment and connection of inactivating supplies， both accounted for 13.3% of the total; thereafter for heat sealing， it accounted for 10.0% of the total; lastly， centrifugation and sorting of medical waste， both accounted for 6.7% of the total. Of the 30 blood collection and supply staff， 20 were correctly treated after occupational exposure， 7 were partially correctly treated， and 3 were incorrectly treated， accounting for 66.7%， 23.3%， and 10.0% of the total; 17 cases were screened for blood， accounting for 56.7% of the total. None were infected with blood-borne diseases. Conclusion Occupational exposure varies， taking targeted preventive measures based on occupational exposure factors of blood collection personnel.

[Key words] Blood collection and supply personnel; Occupational exposure; Influence factors; Prevention