李建高
同学们已经学过现在进行时了,现在老师给大家介绍进行时“家庭”的另一位成员——过去进行时。接下来就请同学们随老师一起了解过去进行时吧。
一、过去进行时的含义
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。它是由“was/were+动词的现在分词(V-ing)”构成。如:
(2019·江苏·苏州) Amon his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.
A. will sail B. is sailing
C. was sailing D. has sailed
【答案与解析】 C. 句意为“Amon在狂风暴雨中驾驶着他的船,这时一条大鱼跳出了海面”。be doing sth. when...表示“正在做某事时,突然……”,由此可判断答案选C。
二、过去进行时的用法
1. 通常when引导的从句有暂时性,用过去时,而主句用过去进行时;while引导的从句有延续性,用过去进行时,主句用过去时。当两个延续性动作同时进行时,二者都可用过去进行时,此时while比when更常用。如:
(2019·天津) While the lights to red, a car suddenly appeared around the corner.
A. change B. have changed
C. were changing D. will change
【答案与解析】 C. 句意为“红灯正亮着时,一辆汽车突然出现在拐弯处”。while引导时间状语从句时,从句中应用进行时态。本题主句为一般过去时,因此从句中用过去进行时,故选C。
2. 过去进行时常用的时间状语有at that time, at this time yesterday, at 6 o’clock yesterday, from 8 to 11 this morning等。如:
(2019·四川·内江) Tom said he basketball with his classmates from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon.
A. is played B. was playing
C. plays D. had played
【答案与解析】 B. 依据句中的时间状语from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon可判断,句中的谓语动词要用过去进行时,故选B。
3. 在某些情况下,过去进行时没有明确的时间状语,可通过语境来判断。如:
(2019·河北) Sorry, I didn’t see you, because I a picture.
A. draw B. drew
C. was drawing D. have drawn
【答案与解析】 C. 依据“对不起,我没看见你”可判断,后面原因状语从句应用过去进行时,故选C。
三、过去进行时的句式变化
1. 陈述句若变为否定句,在助动词was或were的后面直接加上not即可。如:
(2019·河南) —Jim, could you please answer the question?
—Sorry, I . Could you say it again?
A. wasn’t listening B. don’t listen
C. am not listening D. won’t listen
【答案与解析】 A. 根据问句中的“吉姆,请你回答这个问题好吗?”和答语中的“你能再说一遍吗?”可知,空白处句意为“抱歉,我没在听”,所以应用过去进行时的否定形式,故选A。
2. 陈述句若变为一般疑问句,只需把助动词was或were提到句子前面,其肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+was/were”;否定回答为“No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t”。如:
—Were your parents watching TV at this time yesterday?
昨天这个时候你的父母正在看电视吗?
—Yes, they were. /No, they weren’t.
是的,他們在看。/不,他们没在看。
3. 陈述句若变为特殊疑问句,只需将was/were放在疑问词的后面,即“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”形式。如:
What were you doing when I called you up?
我给你打电话时,你在干什么?