重点知识园地
重点单词
1. organize v. (=organise) 组织;筹备
Ill invite people if you can organize food and drinks.
如果你能备办饮食,我就负责请人。
搭配:
organize a party/trip 组织聚会/旅行
organize well/badly 组织周密/不好
organizer/organiser n. 组织者
organized/organised adj. 有条理的;安排有序的
organization/organisation n. 组织;团体;机构
2. upset adj. 难过;失望;沮丧
Dont get so upset.
别这么沮丧。
be upset with sb 生某人的气
She is still upset with me.
她还在生我的气。
3. advice n. 劝告;建议
advise v. 劝告;建议
advice为不可数名词;advise为及物动词,后常跟名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或宾语从句。advise是advice的动词形式。
Could you please give us some advice?
你可以给我们一些建议吗?
He advises students about common problems.
他就一些常见的问题给了学生们建议。
a piece of advice 一条建议
ask sb for advice/ask advice of sb 向某人征求意见
follow sbs advice 接受某人的意见
give sb advice on sth 就某事向某人提建议
take ones advice 听取某人的建议
advise sb (not) to do sth 建议某人(不)做某事
4. unless conj. 除非;如果不
unless在句中引导条件状语从句,相当于if... not。
I wont go to the party unless Tom invites me.
= If Tom doesnt invite me, I wont go to the party.
如果汤姆不邀请我的话,我是不会去参加那个聚会的。
注意:unless引导的从句可放在主句之后,也可以放在主句之前。当主句用一般将来时或是祈使句时,从句用一般现在时。
5. certainly adv. 无疑;肯定;当然;行
certainly用于修饰动词时,表示同意所陈述的事或确信某事是真实的。certainly意为“当然”时是非正式用语,多见于口语;意为“必定”时是正式用语,口语和书面语均可使用。
certainly在句中的位置:如果有助动词(be,do,have等),一般放于助动词之后;如果表示否定,一般放于助动词之前;也可位于句首或句末,表示强调。
He has almost certainly blown his chance of touring India this winter.
他几乎肯定失去了今年冬天去印度旅行的机会。
—In any case you remained friends.
无论如何,你们都是朋友吧。
—Certainly.
当然。
certain adj. 确实;确定;肯定
辨析:certainly,for certain和of course
certainly作修飾词时一般位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,实义动词之前,表示“确定无疑”;for certain一般放在句末作状语,表示“肯定地,确定无疑地”;而of course表示通常、显见或众所周知的事实,意为“一定,当然”,在句中位置比较灵活。
This was almost certainly the high-water mark of her career.
这几乎肯定是她事业的巅峰。
Hill had to find out for certain.
希尔肯定得弄个清楚。
The only honest answer is, of course, yes.
唯一诚实的回答自然是“是”。
6. angry adj. 发怒的;生气的
(1)be/get angry with sb 生某人的气
My best friend is angry with me.
我最好的朋友在生我的气。
(2)be/get angry at/about sth 因某事而生气
He got angry at her answer.
他对她的答复很生气。
angrily adv. 愤怒地;生气地
anger n. 怒;愤怒
7. careless adj. 粗心的;不小心的
(1)careless在句中可作定语。
A careless driver is a danger to us all.
粗心的司机对我们大家都是一种危险。
(2)careless在句中可作表語。
He used to be careless about his speech.
他以前说话常大大咧咧的。
be careless about/in 对……粗心的,对……漫不经心的
be careless of ones health 不爱惜身体
be careless with ones money 随便花钱
care v. 关心;担心
careful adj. 小心的(与careless互为反义词)
be careful 小心(可单独使用)
be careful of 注意……
be careful with 小心使用……
carefully adv. 小心地;谨慎地
8. mistake n. 错误;失误
Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself.
她的爸爸说他自己有时也会犯粗心的错误。
make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误
by mistake 错误地(不是故意做某事)
9. trust v. 相信;信任
If you break your word,he will never trust you again.
如果你不守信,他决不会再相信你。
Everything went all right, I trust.
但愿一切都进展顺利。
trust in sb/sth 相信/信任某人/某事
trust n. 信任,信赖;可信赖的人
10. experience n. 经验;经历
(1) experience意为“经验”时,是不可数名词。
Experience is the best teacher.
经验是最好的老师。
(2)experience意为“经历”时,是可数名词。
I had a very interesting experience in Beijing.
我在北京有过一次很有趣的经历。
experience v. 经历(及物动词)
Have you ever experienced failure?
你曾经历过失败吗?
11. halfway adj. & adv. 在中途;部分地做(或达到)
be halfway to doing sth 完成某事的一半
Theyre halfway to finishing the job.
他们离完成这项工作还有一半的进程。
She lost her way halfway to the zoo.
她在去动物园的路上迷路了。
重点短语
1. keep... to oneself 保守秘密
I have to tell someone. I cant keep it to myself.
我得找人说说,我心里憋不住。
2. in half 分成两半
Please cut the orange in half.
请把这个橙子切成两半。
cut... in half 把……切成两半
divide... in half 把……分成两半
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Actually I rang you for some ____ (advice).
Could you please ____ (advice) me what to do?
2. Dont be ____ (care) about your work.
I asked her to be more ____ (care) in future.
单项选择
3. The teacher was angry ____ him because he made faces in class.
A. at B. with C. in D. about
4. Im going to make a soccer team. Can you help me ____ it?
A. keep B. play C. organize D. join
用介词填空
5. I would never trust ____ what you said to me.
基本語法
if 引导的条件状语从句
1.句中位置
if引导的条件状语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。位于主句前时,从句与主句之间用逗号隔开;位于主句后时,中间不用任何标点符号。
If it rains tomorrow, Ill go to school by bus.
= Ill go to school by bus if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨,我就乘公交车去上学。
2.时态
主句用一般将来时,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
If it is hot, well go swimming.
如果天气热,我们就去游泳。
3.省略形式
如果条件状语从句由if引导,从句的主语与主句的主语一样,或是it,从句中又有连系动词be,此时条件状语从句可以用省略形式。
Ill buy a computer if necessary.
如果有需要的话我会买一台电脑。
4.转换
(1)祈使句 + and/or陈述句,该结构中祈使句在意义上实际相当于条件状语从句,两者可以互相转换。
Use your head, and youll find a way.
= If you use your head, youll find a way.
动动脑筋,你会找出办法来的。
Hurry up, or youll be late.
= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.
快点儿,不然你就迟到了。
(2)unless意为“除非;如果不……”,表示否定条件时,相当于if... not。
Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
= If you dont study hard, you will fail the exam.
如果你不努力学习,你就不会通过考试。