马海英
高中英语写作在高考中占25分,这个分值比重是相当大的,可惜的是据我的观察,包括本人亲历,不够重视高中英语写作的人不在少数,原因五花八门:主观方面,英语作文对于老师来说,批阅起来相当麻烦,因为中国学生普遍英语基础薄弱,写作中出现的各种错误可以用琳琅满目,五花八门,眼花缭乱....等诸如此类这些词修饰一点都不为过,批英语作文简直就是对英语老师们耐心的极大考验,耗时耗力见效却慢,所以英语写作一般最好是先讲,讲好了再让学生写,可事实是高中英语几乎每节课都可以用争分夺秒来形容,又是阅读,又是语言点,又是语法,还有习题作业的讲解等等,光一篇文章有时需要花一个课时去讲解,所以只好把英语写作先搁置一边了……诸如此类种种原因,英语作文总是在高中英语教学中被轻看,被忽视,殊不知,抓好了写作,其实对于不论老师,还是学生来说,都是提分的一个很好的切入点。而且,我们可以预测2019年山东高考英语以书信为主的应用文的可能性依然很大,所以我们不妨用三段式来作为英语的写作的套路。为什么这么说呢?
依我之见,英语作文没有大家想象的那么难,三段式+套话,轻松写出英语好作文。对于山东省高考英语命题趋势来说,本人认为书信越来越成为一种高频率的考查形式。应用文考察重点在于书信,因为书信在我们生活实际中应用更加广泛, 更贴近生活,更实用,所以最近几年高考英语写作70%以上的可能性仍然是應用文即信件的方式考察,“建议信”,“投诉信”,“求职信”“咨询信”、“告知信”、“邀请信”,感谢信,我们并应重点掌握“建议”、“请求”、“感谢”、“道歉”、“祝贺”、“投诉”、“申请”等功能性语句。提纲作文考察的重点应在于“介绍现象”、“解释原因”、“提出建议”、“总结展望”等功能性段落。再加上三段式的结构,100左右的单词量, 轻松写出一篇高质量的英语作文不再是可遇而不可求。
下面我们来看看三段式怎么写,三段(地址和日期,签名这两部分一般省略,所以暂时不包括在书信以内,书信主体就是三部分,所以我们把他们分三段写,那这三段分别写什么?
第一段,开门见山,写出你写这封信的目的,是寻求帮助,是抱怨,提出建议,还是求职,还是感谢...? 比如,我们看下面一篇作文题目:
假定你是李华,将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书,你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信,包括下列要点:①年龄;②学习情况和英文水平;③兴趣特长;④性格特点。注意:①词数100左右。②可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;我们看看这篇作文的范文(开头部分):Dear Sir or Madam,I’m Li Hua, a student from Xinxing Foreign Language School. your company needs an English secretary.
范文中一开始就是自我介绍,这是写信件必不可少的,先不说一下自己是谁,谁知道你是谁?然后就开门见山说出写信的目的是想申请这个职位。申请信如此,建议信,投诉信,通知,便条,请假条,电子邮件,求助信,邀请信,都是如此。我们可以写I am writing to give you some suggestions on../complain.../inform you that..../telll you that.../ask for suggestions on...
第二段,本段即书信的主体部分(main body), 是写信人要谈论或解决的主要内容。一般来说, 一封好的英文书信应符合正确,简洁,礼貌,字迹清晰等基本要求。这主要表现在文章主题部分上,此部分层次分明尤显重要,要适当使用表示过渡的连接词或短语,使行文通顺,流畅,衔接自然,另外要把题目中要点写清楚,不要漏写,也不要主观乱加,应该主次分明,详略得当。下面是一片投诉信的正文部分,即投诉的内容:I ordered(订购)a set of(一套) Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday.And much to my disappointment,the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn.To make matters worse,it is not a complete set,as I found one book missing. I am sorry to have received such poor service,and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem.I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me.Besides,I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.
以下是一封感谢信的正文部分:First and foremost, it is clear that you, just like "our foreign mother", were very patient to us.Additionally, needless to say, you taught me a lot,not only English knowledge but also your life wisdom;consequently,all of us have fallen in love with English and study.Last but certainly not least, there is no doubt that we had a great time together,which we will keep in mind forever.
By the way,I can't wait to tell you something new about my class.After you left for the America,we had an English competition.We all did very well,using the knowledge you told us. No one can deny you helped us so much!
下面是一封邀請信的第二段(主体部分)
I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic "Man and Nature". It’s my honor if you can accept our invitation.Please call me at 123456 if you have any question.
祝贺信的主体:You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news.As your best friend,I am proud of you! Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deep impression. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.
第三段即结束语, 通常位于正文之后,通常置于正文最后一行的下边,结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称和致敬。结束语常用的有 I am looking forward to your early reply.Please give my regards to.....,With best wishes 等等。
由以上的讲解和实例我们不难看出,写英语作文其实不像大家想象的那么难,不管是什么类型的作文,它都是有套路可寻的;至于英文书信,那更是有很多套用的高版本词汇,短语,句子和模版,只要同学们在平时的学习中多留心,注意积累,再加上临考前的临阵磨枪,相信英语作文一定会成为大家的高考提分点!