足木足河黄石爬个体生殖力研究

史晋绒，罗冬梅，梁灵玥，王永明，彭鹏霖，谢碧文

(长江上游鱼类资源保护与利用四川省重点实验室，内江师范学院生命科学学院，四川内江641112)

1 材料与方法

1.1 样本收集

1.2 样本处理

测量并记录标本的体长(L)、体质量(M)、净体质量(去除内脏和性腺后的体质量，W)、性腺重(Wa)等常规生物学数据，长度精确至0.1 mm，体质量精确至0.01 g。取前5枚胸椎的脊椎骨，置于5%NaOH溶液中脱去肌肉和结缔组织后，在解剖镜下鉴定年龄，每尾鱼取10粒卵子用游标卡尺(精度0.02 mm)测定卵径后取平均值，实验重复10次。

1.3 数据处理

绝对生殖力(F)为卵巢中沉积卵黄的卵子总数；体长相对生殖力(FL)=F/L；体质量相对生殖力(FW)=F/W；成熟系数(GSI)=Wa/W×100%；肥满度(K)=100×(W/L3)。

实测数据经Microsoft Excel 2007和SPSS 19.0统计分析，个体生殖力和形态学指标间的关系以5种函数模型(线性函数、幂函数、指数函数、对数函数和二次函数方程)进行拟合，选取判定系数(R2)最大者为最佳回归方程，P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 产卵群体结构

383尾标本中雌性186尾，其中性腺处于Ⅲ～Ⅵ期的95尾。产卵群体由5～12龄个体组成，以5～8龄为主，分别占产卵群体总数的9.47%、33.68%、28.42%和16.84%。体长12.00～16.80 mm，平均13.81 mm±1.06 mm，以12.00～14.90 mm最多(占产卵群体的83.16%)。体质量25.40～79.93 g，平均51.97 g±12.08 g，以38.00～57.99 g最多(占产卵群体的55.79%)；净体质量23.59～60.42 g，平均38.46 g±7.93 g；性腺质量3.50～22.98 g，平均11.03 g±4.38 g；成熟系数8.25%～42.77%，平均26.80%±7.74%。

2.2 卵径分布

2.3 个体生殖力及其与形态学指标和年龄的关系

2.4 个体生殖力与各形态学指标的多元回归分析

图2 黄石爬个体生殖力的频率分布Fig. 2 The frequency distribution ofEuchiloglanis kishinouyei individual fecundity

表1 黄石爬不同体长、体质量、净体质量、成熟系数、肥满度和年龄组的个体生殖力Table 1 Individual fecundity of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei with different body length，body mass，net body mass，maturing coefficient，fullness and age groups

表1 黄石爬不同体长、体质量、净体质量、成熟系数、肥满度和年龄组的个体生殖力Table 1 Individual fecundity of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei with different body length，body mass，net body mass，maturing coefficient，fullness and age groups

GroupSamplesizeFAbsolute fecundity/FLBody length relative fecundity/(/cm)FWBody mass relative fecundity/(/g)Range±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SD/cm12.00～13.5031123～343214.10±62.32b9.08～25.7316.15±4.02b3.02～8.655.88±1.48b13.51～15.0030129～489279.33±90.97a10.15～33.7217.90±5.79b3.87～12.116.60±1.97b15.01～16.508166～345259.88±62.66ab18.08～29.7923.43±4.58a6.98～11.469.25±1.63a/g25.40～40.005145～230169.40±34.48c14.33～20.2517.35±2.56a5.02～8.656.50±1.44ab40.01～50.0021123～343205.19±59.63bc11.82～33.7218.29±4.91a4.21～12.116.37±1.79b50.01～60.0023129～335240.78±50.26b9.08～30.2016.38±5.73a3.02～9.855.97±1.75b60.01～70.009209～489319.67±95.08a10.24～23.4116.90±4.52a3.87～10.037.08±1.91ab70.01～80.0011166～444320.45±84.80a10.08～29.7920.50±6.39a4.13～11.467.93±2.62a/g20.00～30.009123～267179.44±50.65b14.33～20.2516.95±2.08a4.51～8.656.11±1.37b30.01～40.0033130～426237.55±66.83ab9.08～33.7217.70±5.58a3.02～12.116.36±1.95b40.01～50.0021129～489285.10±94.90a10.15～27.3817.20±5.27a3.87～10.606.63±1.98b50.01～60.006166～386275.83±73.74a10.08～29.7921.19±7.41a4.13～11.468.41±2.47a/%8.25～17.256129～182149.67±20.30d11.82～19.7115.45±3.08a4.31～8.656.07±1.98a17.26～26.2629123～322205.03±49.26c10.15～33.7218.57±6.24a3.02～12.116.76±2.22a26.27～35.2723203～386269.30±43.26b9.08～27.3817.32±5.09a3.04～9.316.29±1.66a35.28～44.2811251～489368.91±74.98a12.54～25.6017.76±4.23a4.63～10.727.02±2.12a0.97～1.2714145～426262.00±76.10a12.54～29.2519.20±4.73a4.87～10.726.90±2.11a1.28～1.5843129～489250.40±85.70a10.15～33.7218.32±5.51ab3.87～12.116.80±1.91ab1.59～1.899123～386212.78±80.44a9.08～23.4115.08±4.03b3.04～10.035.90±1.93b1.90～2.203232～264248.67±16.04a10.08～12.1810.99±1.08b3.02～5.074.07±1.03b54123～162145.50±16.54b14.33～19.7116.71±2.31b5.02～8.656.49±1.70b626130～444247.58±77.14a9.08～25.7315.97±3.83b3.02～8.505.64±1.28b728129～489251.29±87.65a10.08～30.2017.60±5.29ab4.13～10.036.54±1.70b87166～386288.57±69.73a10.24～33.7222.63±7.70a3.87～12.118.91±2.85a94183～322255.25±57.60a18.08～29.2522.93±5.41a7.61～10.729.11±1.45a

注： 同一列中参数上方字母不同表示差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)

Note： In the same column，different superscripts indicate there is a significant difference (P<0.05)

表2 黄石爬个体生殖力与形态指标和年龄的回归方程Table 2 Regressive equations of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei individual reproductive capacity with morphological index and age

表2 黄石爬个体生殖力与形态指标和年龄的回归方程Table 2 Regressive equations of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei individual reproductive capacity with morphological index and age

ParameterFAbsolute fecundity/FLBody length relative fecundity/(/cm)FWBody mass relative fecundity/(/g)L/cmF=0.810L2.158R2=0.235, n=69, P<0.01FL=-0.834L2+24.72L-163.7R2=0.105, n=69, P>0.05FW=-0.415L2+11.42L-70.81R2=0.028, n=69, P>0.05M/gF=31.20M0.517R2=0.193, n=69, P>0.05FL=-0.006M2+0.772M-3.782R2=0.110, n=69, P>0.05FW=41.29M-0.46R2=0.115, n=69, P>0.05W/gF=89.16W0.274R2=0.056, n=69, P>0.05FL=-0.009W2+0.724W+4.823R2=0.032, n=69, P>0.05FW=89.16W-0.72R2=0.295, n=69, P<0.01GSI/%F=587.3GSI0.663R2=0.494, n=69, P<0.01FL=34.61GSI0.520R2=0.493, n=69, P<0.01FW=62.75GSI2-17.72GSI+6.909R2=0.499, n=69, P<0.01KF=135.1K2-458.9K+610.7R2=0.081, n=69, P>0.05FL=-0.001K 2+0.060K+0.885R2=0.093, n=69, P>0.05FW=2.557K-0.34R2=0.412, n=69, P<0.01AF=-13.90A2+217.0A-571.3R2=0.103, n=69, P>0.05FL=-1.035A2+15.12A-36.23R2=0.065, n=69, P>0.05FW=-0.367A2+4.613A-6.789R2=0.051, n=69, P>0.05

3 讨论

3.1 黄石爬的产卵类型

3.2 黄石爬个体生殖力特性及繁殖策略

表3 科鱼类个体生殖力的比较Table 3 Comparison of Sisoridae individual fecundity

表3 科鱼类个体生殖力的比较Table 3 Comparison of Sisoridae individual fecundity

SpeciesSamplesizeBodylength/cmBodymass/gFAbsolute fecundity/FL Body lengthrelative fecundity/(/cm)FWBody mass relativefecundity/(/g)Egg diameter/mmRange±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SDRange±Mean±SDResourceEuchiloglaniskishinouyei6912.0～16.813.81±1.0625.40～9.9351.97±12.08123～489247.80±81.379.08～33.7217.75±5.343.02～12.116.59±1.993.40～5.504.38±0.37Glyptosternummaculatum12813.3～24.316.28±2.0831.00～202.1065.71±32.32141～2 16272710.22～117.3643.263.24～27.0111.790.40～2.402.34,2008Glyptothoraxfukiensis493.19～6.374.66±0.051.11～5.652.52 ± 0.8245～420140.9±74.7——31.70～130.4064.30± 21.101.00～1.09—,2009

3.3 黄石爬个体生殖力与形态学指标的关系