介词考点归纳与讲练

广东

介词是用来表示名词、代词等与句中其他词之间关系的词。介词虽是虚词，但是相当活跃，随处可见、搭配众多且意义丰富，在英语中起着“螺丝钉”的作用，因此成为高考的必考点。在写作中恰当运用介词，可以使语言表达更加准确、简练和地道。

一、介词分类

简单介词：at, in, for等

复合介词：within, inside, onto, throughout等

双重介词：from behind/under等

短语介词：according to, instead of等

分词介词：including, concerning, following等

二、介词短语搭配

考点1 ：介词+名词

at Christmas/dawn/night/present/work/table/a loss/the beginning of/the end of/the top of/the mercy of/the risk of/the sight of in advance/return/vain/fact/debt/trouble/need/danger/public/time/peace/tears/rags/ruins/the end/the past/a way/a hurry on show/fire/holiday/sale/time/purpose/behalf of/the basis of by mistake/chance/turns/coincidence as a result to one’s surprise/joy/delight/sorrow/regret/disappointment/credit out of breath/control/sight/fashion/date/order/work/curiosity/place/balance/one’s reach under construction/control/repair/discussion/one’s direction

即时练习：

①（2018年全国卷Ⅲ语法填空第62题改编）Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming__________________the top of her lungs.

②（2014年浙江卷短文改错）If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.

③（2014年陕西卷写作）___________________, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.我代表学校对你表示热烈的欢迎。

④（2017年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空第65题改编）_________a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

答案：①at ②on→in ③On behalf of our school ④ As

考点2 ：in +名词+ of/for/to/with

(1)in+n.+of

in favor of, in honor of, in memory of, in place of

⑵ in+n.+for

in exchange for, in return for

⑶ in+ n.+to

in addition to

⑷ in+ n.+with

in touch with, in common with

即时练习：

①（改错）From then on, we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails.

②（改错）We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.

答案：①在kept后加in ②on→in

考点3：be+形容词+介词

(1)be+adj.+at

be good at, be angry at, be disappointed at

(2)be+adj.+of

be fond of, be afraid of, be full of, be proud of, be aware of, be tired of

(3)be+adj.+with

be angry with, be disappointed with, be popular with, be strict with, be filled with, be busy with, be satisfied with, be covered with, be familiar with

(4)be+adj.+in

be interested in, be rich in, be located in, be dressed in, be absorbed in, be strict in

(5)be+adj.+to

be beneficial to, be harmful to, be similar to, be used to,be known to, be related to, be familiar to

(6)be+adj.+for

be fit for, be late for, be responsible for, be suitable for, be ready for, be famous for, be good/bad for

(7)be+adj.+about

be anxious about, be worried about, be curious about

(8)be+adj.+from

be absent from, be different from, be tired from

(9)be+adj.+on

be based on, be keen on

即时练习：

①（语法填空）He was very tired _______________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow” higher.

②（短文改错）She also thinks that it is bad to my eyes.But I really can’t accept her ideas.

③（改错）If this doesn’t work, bring in a friend that you feel comfortable, and have him or her help you.

④（2018年全国卷Ⅱ写作）If you _____________the history of our school or _____________its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity! 如果你对我校历史感到好奇或者关心我校未来发展，不要错过这个绝佳机会。

答案：①of ②to→for ③comfortable后加with ④are curious about;concerned about

考点4：动词+副词+介词

⑴ v.+adv.+from

keep away from, get away from, break away from

⑵ v.+adv.+for

make up for, watch out for

⑶ v.+adv.+with

come up with, put up with, catch up with, get along with

⑷ v.+adv.+to

date back to, get close to

⑸ v.+adv.+其他prep.

do well in, look down upon

即时练习：

①（2016年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空第64题）But my connection with pandas goes back_________________my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ...

②（改错）In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.

答案：①to ②to→with

考点5：动词+介词

(1)v.+at

aim at, stare at, glare at, glance at, laugh at

(2)v.+about/of

dream about/of, complain about, consist of

(3)v.+as/through

act/serve as, work as, recognize/consider...as..., go through,look through

(4)v.+for

ask for, pay for, stand for, search for, desire for, send for,enter for, run for, charge for

(5)v.+from

come from, differ from, learn from, benefit from, graduate from, result from

(6)v.+in

succeed in, participate in, result in

(7)v.+on

concentrate on, fall on, focus on, fix (one’s attention/eyes)on

(8)v.+to

add to, appeal to, belong to, contribute to, lead to, refer to,stick to, turn to sb.

(9)v.+with

deal with, begin with, communicate with

(10)v.+into

look into, break into, run into, grow into, turn into

即时练习：

①（2018年全国卷Ⅲ语法填空第67题）I was searching _________________these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.

②（2016年全国卷Ⅱ语法填空第64题）Most of us are more focused _________________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

③（2014年广东卷语法填空第21题）I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _________________the reservation.

④（改错）I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.

⑤（改错）The answer lies on the population explosion.

⑥（2014年四川卷写作）The college entrance examination_________________（恰逢每年6月7日和8日）

答案：① for ② on ③ for ④ to→at ⑤ on→in⑥ falls on June 7 and June 8 every year

考点6：动词+名词+介词

（1）v.+n.+in

take part in, show interest in, take pride in

（2）v.+n.+for

show respect for, show concern for

（3）v.+n.+of

take charge of, take care of, take advantage of, make use of, make fun of, catch sight of, lose sight of, get rid of

（4）v.+n.+to

do harm to, pay attention to, attach importance to, give birth to

（5）v.+n.+with

make contact with, get in touch with, keep in touch with

即时练习：

①（2013年广东卷语法填空第22题）Nick replied,“...And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _________________the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”

②（改错）Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.

③（写作）When you have a bad mood, you should_____________________________（尽快摆脱它）.

答案：①for ②去掉a ③get rid of it as soon as possible

考点7：动词+sb.+介词+sth.

(1)v.+sb.of sth.

rob sb.of sth., accuse sb.of sth., remind sb.of sth.,inform sb.of sth.

(2)v.+sb.with sth.

equip sb.with sth., charge sb.with sth., provide sb.with sth.

(3)v.+sb.for sth.

blame sb.for sth., praise sb.for sth., punish sb.for sth.

(4)v.+sb.on sth.

congratulate sb.on sth.

(5)v.+sb.from doing sth.

prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth., keep sb.from doing sth.

即时练习：

①（2015年广东卷语法填空第18题） He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby________other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.

②（改错）Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.

③（改错）There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friends with them so that we can help each other on the course work.

答案：①for ②第二个for→with ③on→with

考点8：动词+ sth.+with sb.

share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物，exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物

即时练习：

①（改错）Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets.

②（写作）With such a pen friend, I think I can _____________________, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common.有了这样一位笔友，我想我可以与她分享我们的旅游经历、照顾宠物或者我们的任何共同之处。

答案：①secrets后加with ②share with her our traveling experiences

三、介词辨析

考点9：表示时间的介词

介词 含义用法in, on, at 在……in表示较长的时间，如月份、季节、年份、年代、世纪等。也可泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示具体某一天或其上午、下午或晚上等；at表示时间点，用于具体某时刻或短期的节假日等；当时间名词前有this, that, last, next, every等限定词时不用介词in, after 在……之后“in+时间段”表示从现在开始一段时间之后，用于一般将来时；“after+时间段”表示过去开始一段时间之后，常与过去时连用，相当于“时间段+later”；“after+时间点”表示过去或将来in, within 在……以内 “in+时间段”用于过去时；“within+时间段”用于过去时或将来时ago, before 在……以前 “时间段+ago”从现在算起，用于一般过去时；“时间段+before”从过去算起，用于过去完成时；表示在某时间点或事件以前时，只用before不用ago by, before, until / by后接时间点，表示到某时为止(含某时)；before后接时间点，表示在某时之前（不含某时）；until意为“直到某时为止”，表示持续到某时during, through/throughout, over 在……期间during后接时间段，尤其在某些事件或活动（如stay, visit, meal）前，宜用during；through/throughout意为“贯穿……期间”；over意为“过完一段时间，一边……一边……”for, since 表时间段 “for+时间段”表示持续一段时间；“since+时间点”表示从过去延续到现在的一段时间

即时练习：

①（2016年四川卷语法填空第67题）The mother continued to care for the young panda _________________more than two years.

②（2015年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空第62题）A few hours_________, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.

③（改错）The doctor says he is recovering faster than expected and will be out of hospital a few weeks.

④（2015年陕西卷短文改错）My soccer coach retired in last week.

⑤（2014年全国卷Ⅰ短文改错）Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes （圣女果）in our back garden.

⑥（2013年陕西卷短文改错）Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient.

⑦（2013年山东卷写作）In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai_____________在假期, in order to enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends.

答案：①for ②before或earlier ③a前加in ④去掉in⑤ before→ ago ⑥ Before→ After ⑦ during the vacation

考点10：表示地点的介词

__________________________介词含义表示“上下”on, beneath, above, below, over, under________________________表示“里外”______in front of, in the front of, before, behind, at the back of ________________________表示“前后”________near, beside/by, beyond, across, close to, next to ________________________表示“附近”____________________about, around, round ________________________表示“周围”_____________________in, inside, outside

即时练习：

①（2014年全国卷Ⅱ语法填空第64题）I got a place next_____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.

②（2016年浙江卷短文改错）While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.

③（2015年全国卷Ⅱ短文改错）It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.

④（改错）It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize on the Story Writing Show.

答案：①to ②in→on ③on→in ④on→in

考点11：表示动向、原因、方式、除外、举例的介词

_________________________________________________介词表示动向 into进入；out of从……出来；through从物体内部穿过；across从物体表面通过；by/past从旁边经过；over从上空_经过；along沿着（不强调方向）；down沿……而下；up沿……而上；from从；to到；off离开；onto上_________去_____功能表示原因 for, because of, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of都表示“因为/由于”；thanks to表示“幸亏/由于”表示方式 常接交通工具或通讯工具的介词有by, in, on等；表示“用……”的介词有with, in等；表示“通过……”的介词有_______________by,throug__________________________________________________________________________________________h表示除外 besides, in addition to表示“除……之外（还有）”，包括后面的部分；except, but“除了……之外（其余都）”，_排除后面的部分；apart from相当于besides/excep__________________________________________________________t表示举例 such as, including, like

即时练习：

①（2017年全国卷Ⅱ语法填空第62题）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and_________work.

②（改错）Thank to her help, I made great progress in my study.

③（改错）Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.

④（2016年全国卷Ⅲ语法填空第70题）In India,for example, most people traditionally eat _________________their hands.

⑤（2015年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空第66题）For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away _________________car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

⑥（改错）But I couldn’t explain them with English clearly.

答案：①from ②Thank→Thanks ③Because后加of④ with ⑤ by ⑥ with → in

考点12：表示计量、范围、让步、呈现主题、呈现观点的介词

________功能介词______________________________________________表示计量 at表示计量时，意为“以……价格/速度/代价”表示范围 in表示环境范围，in后面的名词和主语不是同一概念范畴；of/among表示对象范围，of后面的名词和主语是同一概念范畴；between表示在（两者）之间，among表示在（三者或以上）之间表示让步 despite, in spite of, regardless of呈现主题 about, on, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as to呈现观点 according to, as for

即时练习：

①（2013年广东卷语法填空第21题）Nick replied,“The only reason a man would sell sale _________________a lower price would be because he was desperate for money....”

②（改错）These are the happiest girls I’ve ever seen and I’m the happiest in all!

③（写作）I am writing to draw your attention to _______________________________: littering and scribbling.我写信给你是让你注意我们学生中存在的一些不恰当行为：乱扔垃圾和乱涂乱画。

④（2018年全国卷Ⅰ写作）___________, I don’t think there is much for you to pay attention to.至于这一点，我认为你没有太多要注意的。

答案：①at ②in→of ③some improper behaviors among us students ④As for this

考点13：其他常考介词

(1)as, like与with

意为“像……一样”时，as是连词，like是介词；意为“随着”时，as是连词，with是介词；as作介词时，意为“作为”。

(2)in

可表示“在……方面”。

(3)for

可表目的，意为“为了”。

(4)from

表示起点或来源，意为“从，来自”。

⑸ with与without

with表示“具有，带有；与……一起”；without 表示“没有”。

即时练习：

①（2016年全国卷Ⅲ语法填空第65题）Over time,_________the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

②（2017年全国卷Ⅰ语法填空第61题）This trend,which was started by the medical community（医学界）__________a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease...

③（2017年全国卷Ⅲ语法填空第68题）After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _________________engineering or architecture.

④（2018年浙江卷语法填空第65题）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home _________________dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.

⑤（2015年广东卷语法填空第22题改编）While making great efforts to run away, the cow fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living ______ the cow.

⑥（2018年全国卷Ⅱ短文改错）Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.

⑦（2015年全国卷Ⅰ短文改错）Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.

⑧（改错）There are so many places I want to take you to after I finish my work like a volunteer.

⑨（2014年全国卷Ⅱ短文改错）Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.

⑩（写作）I _____________________（从报纸上得知）that your company needs an English secretary, and I’m really interested in this position, hoping I can work for you.

答案：①as/when ②as ③in ④for ⑤without⑥for→with ⑦on→with ⑧like→as ⑨with→for⑩learned from the newspaper