王婕雄
【摘要】笔者在执教小学高年级英语写作课时,学生往往表现出枯燥无味、疲于应付的状态。一次作文课中,笔者通过改变教学模式,将“互动”引入课堂,取得了很好的教学效果。通过反思,笔者认为“互动” 可以激发学生英文写作兴趣;“互动”可以让学生更高效地掌握写作方法;“互动”让学生乐于修改、展示作文。
【关键词】互动 小学高年级 英文写作
“互动”是一种在教师与学生、学生与学生之间在课外或者课堂内的共同情境之中,以非语言符号和语言符号为媒介,开展多层面、多种形式、多维度的交互作用过程,以期达到行动一致、促进师生共同进步发展的目的。小学英语写作课程是让学生学会整合句型、词汇、语法等英语拼写能力知识点,让它们成为一个有机的整体。但是在高年级英语写作教学中,很多学生课堂上存在消极情绪,枯燥的范文讲解,较长时间的独立作文,加上教师批改后的订正和重写,学生对于英语写作学习充满抵触,很多学生只是应付教师布置的任务。长期处于这种情况不利于英语的学习和英语写作水平的提高。因此,在六年级上册第四单元Then and now一课的写作教学中,笔者尝试改变,设计话题作文课The changes on me,将“互动”元素带入到英语作文教学,拯救笔者与学生的作文课。
【案例描述】
片段一:
T: Today, we are going to have a writing lesson:The changes on me.
(一听说要上作文课,大部分学生唰地一下低下头,还有几个嘴里小声嘀咕:“没意思,又是写作文。”我已猜到他们的反应,和以往的作文课表现如出一辙,但这次我是有备而来,缓缓地点开PPT,出示一张孩童做着鬼脸的照片)
T:Who is this little girl? Can you guess?
(“啊,好可爱!”女生们忍不住喊出声来。”I know, I know.”有的学生已经高高举起手,甚至站了起来。还有的偷偷看着我,再看看照片,嘻嘻地笑着)
T:I think you all know the answer, can you say it together?
Ss: She is Miss Wang. (学生们大声说出憋了很久的答案)
T:Yes. How do you know that?(问题一出,教室里小手林立,大家跃跃欲试)
S1:Her eyes are big, her mouth is small. And your eyes are big, your mouth is small too.
S2: You look the same! (学生们很轻松地说出答案,课堂气氛高涨起来。看到这一幕,我赶紧抓住机会,进入写作主题)
T: Ha ha! You are so clever. This was me thirty years ago. I was three years old. My eyes were big, my mouth was small. But I was fat and my hair was short. Now I am thirty-three years old, my eyes are big, my mouth is small too. But I am thin and my hair is long. It is interesting, right? What about your childhood? Can you show us? Talk about it with your desk mate.
(教師一声令下,学生们再也按捺不住激动的心情,将自己带来的婴儿时期的照片拿出来,同桌之间互相讨论起来)
S1: My eyes were so small ten years ago, but now they are big.
S2:I was thin and short seven years ago, but now I am fat and tall. I shouldnt eat too much.
(学生们将过去的自己和现在的自己进行对比,描述细致入微,此时的英语句型脱口而出,似乎他们已不在作文课的课堂之上,而在亲切的聊天)
片段二:
T: You saw your desk mates photos just now. I have some other photos for you.
(课件上出现梁同学六岁和十二岁的照片)
Ss: She is Liang Yuting.(学生们一看便知,大声说出她的名字)
T:How old was she in the photos? Can you guess? (猜测照片中的她几岁,这可太简单了,这群学生一起学习了六年,对自己的班长可以说是相当熟悉。很快她的好朋友便给出了答案)
S1:In the first photo she was five or six years old, in the second photo, she is twelve years old.
T:You know her well, but what could she do when she was six years old? What can she do when she is twelve years old? Look at the pictures and guess!
(看出年龄很简单,可是猜测小时候会做的事情就不是那么容易了。到底谁才是最了解班长的人呢?即使不知道,猜一猜也是可以的,很快就有活跃的学生举手了)
S1:When she was six years old, she could ride a bike. When she is twelve years old, she can speak English very well.
S2:When she was six years old, she could dance. When she is twelve years old, she can skate.
S3:...
(学生一个接一个进行猜测并且乐此不疲)
T:Who is right? Who knows her well? Lets read Liang Yutings passage and have a look.(为了验证大家的答案,笔者出示梁同学的范文,邀请学生们一起读)
The changes on me
Seven years ago, I was six years old. I was a little fat. My hair was short. I could read and draw. But I couldnt write. I couldnt ride a bike. I liked dancing and singing. I had some friends at school.
Now, Im twelve years old. Im tall and strong. My hair is long. I can learn English very well. I can use the computer. I like eating vegetables and fruit. Because they dont make me fat. I have a lot of friends at school. I also have some e-friends, I often chat with them on QQ. I often ride a bike to school.
(猜對的同学证明了自己的友谊,十分得意。猜错的同学也会心一笑,觉得很有趣)
T:Today lets write a passage about The changes on me.
(直到这时,学生们才反应过来,原来今天我们真的是在上作文课,不知不觉已经学习了范文,复习了句型,可这些竟然进行得如此轻松)
T:Now,can you tell me, when we write this passage, what aspects can we write?
S1:We can write our appearances、abilities and hobbies.
T:What sentences can we use?
S2:We can use: I was... I am... My... was/were...My... is/are...
S3:We can use: I could... I can...
S4:We can use: I liked... I like...
(此时,笔者再问学生:这篇作文,我们需要写哪些方面?他们已然知晓)
片段三:
(十五分钟的独立写作时间后,笔者及时喊停。组长主动起身准备收作业,笔者急忙拦住他们)
T:Today we are going to share your passages with your classmates. You can read others passages and give some advice.
(听到作文互评这一要求,学生们面面相觑,没有明白该做什么,几名能力较强的学生拿过同桌的作文,读了起来。而大部分同学却不知所措地坐着,等待老师发话。这时,我拿出设计好的互批评价表,指导他们完成表格)
(优秀的学生很快便找出同学的语法错误,帮助他改正。而能力较弱的学生也拿笔记录着同桌作文中优秀的句子,将它们誊写在自己的作文之中。互批很快便完成,接着笔者让同学们推荐优秀作文,请作者在全班进行朗读展示,同学们听得认真,读者脸上也洋溢着笔者从没看到过的自信)
【案例反思】
一、“互动” 中激发学习兴趣
互动理论认为,教学过程是一个师生双向互动的过程。教师创设一个写作情境让师生在情境中展开互动,更有助于写作教学的顺利开展。本节课中教师创设的情境紧紧抓住了学生的兴趣点。小学生希望得到身边的同学和教师的关注,也希望更了解身边的人,因此教师用一张自己孩童时代的照片便成功地吸引了学生的注意力,让学生对今天的写作话题“谈论自身的变化”产生了极大兴趣。接着,教师让学生们拿出自己带的婴儿时期照片,与同桌展开讨论,学生们在兴趣盎然的交流中展开话题,整节写作课的气氛活跃起来,学生的积极性也被充分调动起来。
二、“互动”中掌握写作方法
英语写作的基础是词汇与句型的积累、语法的正确使用,但只有这些不足以写出一篇优秀的作文。一篇好的作文需要作者运用精准、具有逻辑性的语言表达自己的想法。用母语写作一篇优秀的作文对小学生来说尚且困难,更何况运用英文。因此写作方法的教授至关重要。以往的写作课,教师总是以知识传授的方式,填鸭式的将写作方法灌输给学生,导致学生们苦不堪言。而本节课中,学生在与同桌谈论自己小时候与现在的外貌变化时,已不知不觉地复习了句型:I was... My... was/were... I am... My ...is/are...;在猜测班长小时候与现在能力变化时一次次运用句型:She could... She can...;在教师精心设计的活动中,学生深刻感受到作文需要运用的时态一般过去时和一般现在时的区别。因此,在教师出示范文让学生自主总结写作结构时,学生能清晰地给出答案:相貌变化、能力变化、爱好变化。写作中最困难的谋篇布局问题显然已经难不倒他们,因为所需句型我们整节课都在运用,所需时态在一次次的交流与游戏中被加深、强化。
三、“互动”中分享写作成果
同伴反馈有利于学生从评价别人的作品中找到自己的问题,同伴互评运用得当有利于提高学生的批判性思维能力,增强读者意识,让学生逐渐学会独立修改文章。但同伴互评也需要技巧,本节课中教师如果直接把作文分发给学生,要求他们互评,学生的确能提出一些问题,但大多数学生会做得不到位。因此,教师设计了互评表格,并在学生互评之前做出示范。帮助学生树立目标感,让他们在互评的过程中有章可循。学生真正从作文互评中找到批改作文的方法,从而提升自身的写作能力。同时,优秀的作文还可以拿来全班共赏,让学生产生自我能动性,真正认识到英语作文不再是教师布置与教师欣赏的作业,而是表达自己想法和展示自己的平台。
【参考文献】
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