郭作梁 马兴灿 陈宁 马树华
[摘要]目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)联合磁共振波谱分析(MRS)检查对前列腺病变性质及类型的诊断价值。方法 选取汕头潮南民生医院2016年1月~2018年9月收治的38例确诊为前列腺癌(PCa)患者作为观察组,以确诊为前列腺增生(BPH)的38例患者作为对照组。两组均行DWI、MRS和DWI联合MRS检查。观察两组患者的ADC值和(Cho+cre)/Cit值的差异,比较两组患者DWI、MRS及DWI联合MRS诊断的结果以及诊断符合率。结果 观察组患者400 s/mm2时的ADC值为(0.86±0.28),显著低于对照组,800 s/mm2的ADC值为(0.74±0.39),显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组患者的(Cho+cre)/Cit值顯著大于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。76例患者的病理结果:前列腺癌45例,前列腺增生31例。与病理结果对照,DWI诊断阳性36例,阴性40例;MRS诊断阳性38例,阴性38例;DWI联合MRS诊断阳性46例,阴性30例。DWI联合MRS诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为94.74%,特异度为92.11%,准确率为92.11%,联合检查的敏感度、特异度及准确率均显著高于DWI及MRS单独检查结果,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DWI和MRS均能有效诊断PCa和BPH,且能准确区分PCa和BPH患者,但MRS联合DWI检查前列腺癌的诊断符合率更高,可以清晰显示前列腺组织的微观结构和代谢水平的关系,明显优于DWI及MRS单独检查,在临床诊断中具有重要意义,可以为早期诊断提供重要依据。
[关键词]磁共振扩散加权成像;磁共振波谱分析;前列腺癌;前列腺增生;诊断符合率
[中图分类号] R697+.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)2(c)-0092-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the nature and type of prostatic lesions. Methods Thirty-eight patients diagnosed as prostate cancer (PCa) in chaonan Minsheng hospital pf shantou from January 2016 to September 2018 were selected as observation group and 38 patients diagnosed as BPH as control group. DWI, MRS and DWI combined with MRS were performed in both groups. The difference of ADC value and (Cho+cre)/Cit value between the two groups was observed. The diagnostic results of DWI, MRS and DWI combined with MRS and the diagnostic coincidence rate were compared between the two groups. Results The ADC value of the observation group at 400 s/mm2 was(0.86±0.28), significantly lower than that of the control group, the 800 s/mm2 was (0.74±0.39), significantly lower than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The Cho+cre/Cit value in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Pathological results of 76 patients: 45 cases of prostate cancer and 31 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Compared with pathological results, 36 cases were diagnosed positive by DWI and 40 cases were negative, 38 cases were diagnosed positive by MRS and 38 cases were negative, 36 cases were diagnosed positive by DWI combined with MRS, and 30 cases were negative. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined DWI and MRS in the diagnosis of prostate cancer were 94.74%, 92.11% and 92.11%, respectively, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined examination were significantly higher than those of DWI and MRS alone, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Both DWI and MRS can effectively diagnose PCa and BPH, can accurately distinguish between PCa and BPH patients, but MRS combined with DWI has higher diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer, it can clearly show the relationship between the microstructure and metabolic level of prostate tissue. It is superior to DWI and MRS alone. It has important significance in clinical diagnosis and can provide important basis for early diagnosis.
[Key words] Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI); Magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of (MRS); Prostate cancer; Prostatic hyperplasia; Diagnostic accordance rate
前列腺病变常见于成年男性群体,主要包括前列腺炎、前列腺增生及前列腺癌等[1-2]。目前检查前列腺疾病主要有直肠检查、超声、X线、前列腺液、CT及磁共振成像(MRI)几种检查方式[3-4]。早期前列腺癌患者无明显临床症状,易发生漏诊及误诊。扩散后引起其他身体组织病变,最终导致死亡[5]。因此,准确有效的诊断方式是近年来医务工作者重点研究的方向[6]。本研究以汕头潮南民生医院收治的76例患者进行磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)联合磁共振波谱分析(MRS)检查,从患者临床数据对比及实际病理结果来分析其诊断价值,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取汕头潮南民生医院2016年1月~2018年9月收治的38例确诊为前列腺癌(PCa)患者作為观察组,以确诊为前列腺增生的38例(BPH)患者作为对照组。观察组中,年龄40~75岁,平均(51.2±8.5)岁;病程1~7年,平均(4.1±2.3)年。对照组中,年龄38~74岁,平均(49.8±7.9)岁;病程1~8年,平均(4.3±2.1)年。两组患者的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有患者知情并自愿签订知情同意书。76例患者在行MRI检查后得出病理结果。排除标准:患有精神类疾病患者;近期有前列腺穿刺史者。
1.2方法
使用德国西门子3.0 T超导磁共振仪,型号为MAGNETOMVerio。实施盆腔扫描,进行T1WI、T2WI、T2WI-FS、DWI及MRS全方面检查。T1WI参数:TSE,TR 500 ms,TE 12 ms,视野(FOV)400 mm,矩阵320 mm×320 mm,层厚4 mm。T2WI参数:TSE,TR 3300 ms,TE 100 ms,FOV 400 mm,矩阵320 mm×320 mm,层厚4 mm。T2WI-FS参数:STIR,TI 230,TR 4000 ms,TE 100 ms,FOV 400 mm,矩阵320 mm×320 mm,层厚4 mm。DWI参数:采用EPI-SE方法,TR 3700 ms,TE 68 ms,FOV 400 mm,矩阵320 mm×320 mm,层厚4 mm,弥散感应系数分别为400、800 s/mm2,自动生成ADC。MRS参数:利用Csi-SE序列进行多体素MRS扫描。参数:TR 750 ms,TE 145 ms,Averages 6。
1.3观察指标
比较两组患者的ADC值和(Cho+cre)/Cit值的差异,比较两组患者DWI、MRS及DWI联合MRS诊断的结果以及诊断符合率。经民生医院影像科专家行盲法阅片,MRS检查包括枸缘酸盐(Cit)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cre),得出(Cho+Cre)/Cit值,阳性(Cho+Cre)/Cit值≥0.99。DWI弥散感应系数b值为400、800 s/mm2时的ADC值判断,阳性ADC值<1.0×10-3mm2/s。
1.4统计学方法
采用统计学软件SPSS 22.0分析数据,符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验;不符合正态分布者,转换为正态分布后采用统计学分析;计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者ADC值及(Cho+Cre)/Cit值的比较
观察组患者400 s/mm2时的ADC值显著低于对照组,800 s/mm2的ADC值显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组患者的(Cho+Cre)/Cit值显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)(表1)。
2.2 DWI、MRS及DWI联合MRS成像结果与病理结果的比较
76例患者病理诊断结果:前列腺癌45例,前列腺增生31例。与病理结果对照,DWI诊断阳性36例,阴性40例;MRS诊断阳性38例,阴性38例;DWI联合MRS诊断阳性46例,阴性30例(表2)。DWI联合MRS诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为94.74%,特异度为92.11%,准确率为92.11%,联合检查的敏感度、特异度及准确率均显著高于DWI及MRS单独检查结果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
3讨论
前列腺癌属于一种病理性疾病,现有数据显示发病率随着年龄增长而上升,且具有家族遗传性质[7-8]。目前最常用的诊断方法为直肠指诊、血清PSA、经直肠前列腺超声和盆腔MRI检查,而临床诊断中MRI的敏感度高于CT检查[9-10]。前列腺癌前期症状不明显,后期易发生转移,所以如何及时准确的确诊前列腺癌是目前医务工作者研究的重点[11]。常规MRI是利用磁共振现象从人体中获得电磁信号,并重建出人体信息,DWI及MRS属于功能性成像法[12-13],DWI是利用水分子的扩散运动进行序列设计,并对其运动受限性质进行量化定义。由于前列腺癌一般发生在前列腺增生的基础上,MRS可以根据组织的代谢变化以谱线形式展现,在诊断前列腺癌上具有重要的价值。
MRS是测定活体内某一特定组织区域化学成分的唯一的无损伤技术[14],是MRI和磁共振波谱技术完美结合的产物,是在MRI的基础上又一新型的功能分析诊断方法。各组织中的原子核、质子是以一定的化合物(Cit、Cho、Cre)的形式存在,在一定的化学环境下这些化合物或代谢物有一定的化学位移,并在磁共振波谱中的峰值都会有微小变化,其峰值和化学浓度的微小变化经磁共振扫描仪采集,使其转化为数值波谱,这些化学信息代表组织或体液中相应代谢物的浓度,反映组织细胞的代谢状况。因此MRS可以根据Cit、Cho、Cre的变化以及(Cho+Cre)/Cit值区分组织病变特征,从而有效诊断疾病类型[15]。即磁共振波谱是从组织细胞代谢方面来表达其病理改变[16]。DWI可由ADC值反映分子扩散运动,数值越大,扩散越快,则ADC图信号越高。癌区的水分子运动会受到限制,导致扩散慢,ADC值低,所以DWI可根据ADC值的高低区分PCa和BPH[17-18]。