姬彩硕 马思明 杨娜娜 田中雪 杨静雯 邵佳凯 王雪蕊 刘存志
摘要:目的 观察针刺对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)下丘脑室旁核(PVN)炎症因子含量及Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 10周龄SHR 30只,随机分为SHR组、针刺组和非穴组,每组10只,另取同周龄WKY大鼠10只为正常组。针刺组针刺双侧“太冲”,采用捻转泻法刺激,非穴组针刺其足背侧,采用平补平泻捻转法刺激,2周后取材。每日检测1次大鼠平均动脉压;RT-PCR检测PVN中TLR4 mRNA的表达;Western blot检测PVN中TLR4蛋白的表达;ELISA检测PVN肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量。结果 与正常组比较,SHR组大鼠平均动脉压升高,PVN中TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高,TNF-α、IL-6含量明显增加(P<0.05);与SHR组比较,针刺组大鼠平均动脉压明显下降,PVN中TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低,TNF-α、IL-6含量明显减少(P<0.05);而非穴组无明显变化。结论 针刺“太冲”可能通过抑制SHR PVN中TLR4的表达,减少TNF-α、IL-6分泌,从而降低SHR血压。
关键词:针刺;太冲;高血压;Toll样受体4;炎症因子;自发性高血压大鼠
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.04.013
中图分类号:R245 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2018)04-0062-04
Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture on the level of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor 4 in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of SHR; To investigate the mechanisms of acupuncture in reduction of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in SHR. Methods Thirty 10-week old SHR were randomly divided into SHR group, acupuncture group and non-acupoint group, with 10 rats in each group. 10 WKY rats were set as control group. Acupuncture group received bilateral acupuncture in “Taichong” acupoint, and twisting and diarrhea method was used to stimulate; non-acupoint group received acupuncture at the back of feet, and soothing and diarrhea with twisting method was used to stimulate. Materials were taken two weeks later. The mean arterial pressure of rats was detected every day; the expression of TLR4 mRNA in PVN was detected by RT-PCR; The expression of TLR4 protein in PVN was detected by Western blot; The levels of TNF-αa nd IL-6 were detected. Results Compared with control group, the mean arterial pressure of SHR group increased; TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in PVN increased significantly; the level of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with SHR group, the mean arterial pressure of acupuncture group decreased significantly; TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in PVN decreased significantly; the level of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant change in non-acupoint group. Conclusion Acupuncture in “Taichong” acupoint can attenuate blood pressure of SHR by inhibiting expression of TLR4 in PVN and reducing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.
Keywords: acupuncture; Taichong; high pressure; TLR4; inflammatory cytokines; spontaneously hypertensive rats
高血壓是一种常见的心脑血管疾病,具有病程长、发展较缓慢的特点。近年来研究表明,高血压发生发展及其靶器官损害与慢性低量炎症反应有关[1]。下丘脑室旁核(hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,PVN)是脑内最重要的心血管调节中枢,在调节血压中起着重要作用。有研究表明,脑内PVN中促炎因子的增加能够促进高血压的发生发展[2]。Toll样受体家族(toll-like receptors,TLRs)是固有免疫中最主要的组成部分,是炎症信号传递的重要蛋白,能够启动多种与炎症反应相关的基因转录,导致炎症介质的释放,而Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)是Toll样受体家族中最主要的蛋白。课题组既往研究发现,针刺“太冲”能有效降低自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压[2]。本研究采用RT-PCR、Western blot及ELISA技术,观察针刺“太冲”对SHR PVN中TLR4表达及炎症因子含量的影响,旨在探讨针刺降低血压的可能机制。
1 实验材料
1.1 动物
10周龄SPF级雄性SHR大鼠30只,WKY大鼠10只,体质量280~300 g,北京维通利华技术有限公司,动物许可证号SCXK(京)2012-0001。饲养于中国中医科学院基础理论研究所SPF级动物实验室。
1.2 主要试剂与仪器
戊巴比妥钠(P3761,美国Sigma公司),Trizol试剂(美国Invitrogen Carlsbad公司),AMV反转录酶(美国Promega公司),ELISA试剂盒(北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司),TLR4一抗抗体(美国Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司),β-actin一抗(北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司),二抗(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司)。电泳仪(北京六一仪器厂),Odyssey红外荧光成像系统(美国LI-COR Biosciences公司),Bio-Rad iQ5定量PCR仪(美国Bio-Rad公司),离心机(美国Beckman),华佗牌0.25 mm×13 mm一次性无菌针灸针(苏州医疗用品厂有限公司)。
2 实验方法
2.1 分组
30只SHR大鼠随机分为SHR组、针刺组和非穴组,每组10只。另取10只WKY大鼠作为正常组。
2.2 干预
适应环境后第2日进行干预。取双侧“太冲”[4],行捻转泻法各30 s,留针10 min;非穴组大鼠选取其足背侧第3、4跖骨结合部之前凹陷处作为对照刺激点,行平补平泻捻转手法各30 s,留针10 min。每日1次,治疗6 d,休息1 d,2周共治疗12次。正常组和模型组行与针刺组和非穴组相同时间、相同程度的捉抓刺激。
2.3 检测指标
每日针刺后检测大鼠血压值。治疗结束后第2日,大鼠腹腔注射2%戊巴比妥钠(0.2 mL/100 g)麻醉。大鼠麻醉后断头快速取出脑组织,-80 ℃冰箱保存。
2.3.1 平均动脉压测量
采用无创鼠尾动脉仪测量平均动脉压。在安静环境下,将大鼠放入限制其活动的固定器内,调节恒温毯至37~38 ℃,用血压感受器套住大鼠尾部近心端,调整鼠尾和压力感受器接触部位,调节仪器感知。设定大鼠血压阈值(<190 mm Hg),待大鼠安静、显示器规律摆动时,按下开始键,仪器自动测量血压,测压结束后,记录收缩压、平均动脉压及舒张压。每只大鼠自动测量3次,取平均值。
2.3.2 炎症因子测定
ELISA测定PVN中TNF-α、IL-6含量。严格按试剂盒说明书操作,用分光光度仪测定。
2.3.3 Toll样受体4基因表达测定
RT-PCR测定PVN中TLR4基因表达。Trizol法提取各组细胞总RNA,按反转录试剂盒说明书操作,用荧光定量PCR扩增。PCR反应条件为:95 ℃ 5 min,94 ℃ 20 s,56 ℃ 20 s,72 ℃ 20 s,72 ℃ 5 min,55 ℃ 10 s,40个循环,β-actin为内参。引物序列:TLR4上游5'-ACATCAAATGCCCCTACTCA-3',下游5'-CT AAACCAGCCAGACCTTGA-3'(147 bp);β-actin上游5'-CATTAAGGAGAAGCTGTGC-3',下游5'-GTTG AAGGTAGTTTCGTGGA-3'(106 bp)。
2.3.4 Toll样受體4蛋白表达测定
Western blot测定PVN中TLR4蛋白表达。将下丘脑组织从脑中分离,常规匀浆提取总蛋白,置于-80 ℃冰箱保存备用。BCA法测定蛋白浓度。蛋白变性后,每组蛋白取20 μL上样于10%SDS-PAGE胶,电泳2 h;用湿移法转印到PVDF膜上,转完后将膜用5%脱脂奶粉溶液室温封闭1 h;加入特异性的一抗(TLR4 1∶200),4 ℃孵育过夜;TBST液漂洗4次(5 min/次),加二抗(1∶5000),避光室温孵育1 h,TBST液漂洗后,采用Odyssey近红外双色激光成像分析软件处理,记录每条蛋白电泳带平均光密度值,进行定量分析。
3 统计学方法
采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析。实验数据以—x±s表示,组间比较用方差分析,组间多重比较方差齐用Tukey法,方差不齐用Dunnett's T3。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
4 结果
4.1 针刺对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响
与正常组比较,SHR组各时间点平均动脉压均明显升高(P<0.05);与SHR组比较,针刺组各时间点平均动脉压明显降低(P<0.05);与非穴组比较,针刺组各时间点平均动脉压明显降低(P<0.05)。结果见图1。
4.2 针刺对自发性高血压大鼠下丘脑室旁核中炎症因子的影响
与正常组比较,SHR组TNF-α、IL-6含量显著增加(P<0.05);与SHR组和非穴组比较,针刺组TNF-α、IL-6含量明显减少(P<0.05)。结果见图2、图3。
4.3 针刺对自发性高血压大鼠下丘脑室旁核中Toll样受体4表达的影响
与正常组比较,SHR组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05);与SHR组和非穴组比较,针刺组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结果见图4~图6。
5 讨论
中医古代文献并无高血压病名,而现代医家根据高血压的临床表现和病程演变,将其归于“眩晕”“头痛”范畴。对眩晕病症的认识,中医历代医家有不同的论述,认为眩晕属肝所主,与髓海不足、血虚、邪中等多种因素有关。《素问·至真要大论篇》“诸风掉眩,皆属于肝”,《证治汇补·卷之四》“以肝上连目系而应于风,故眩为肝风”。肝木旺,风气甚,故头目眩晕。有研究表明,针刺能降低高血压患者治疗期间24 h内收缩压与舒张压[5],针刺高血压动物模型能够降低血压、减少氧化应激损伤、降低炎症反应[6-8]。太冲是肝经原穴,是治疗原发性高血压的首选穴位。针刺太冲具有疏肝理气、补益肝肾、平肝潜阳、理气调血之功效。
SHR是国际上公认的最接近人类原发性高血压的动物模型,能很好地复制高血压生理病理过程。在心血管活动中起着重要的调节作用。炎症反应在高血压等心血管系统疾病的病理生理过程中普遍存在[9]。有研究表明,SHR PVN中促炎因子增加,可升高其平均动脉压。TLR4是Toll样受体家族中最明确参与高血压发生发展的分子。Bomfim G F和DeBatista P R等[10-12]发现,在SHR和血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的高血压模型中,TLR4能明显促进内皮功能损伤,升高血压。Dange R B等[2]发现,抑制下丘脑室旁核中TLR4表达能够减少自主神经功能障碍,减少炎症因子的生成,从而使SHR血压下降。
综上所述,针刺可能抑制SHR PVN中TLR4的表达,减少炎症因子的含量,从而降低血压水平。提示针刺治疗高血压的作用机制可能与抑制TLR4通路、降低炎症反应有关。
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(收稿日期:2017-10-31)
(修回日期:2017-11-27;編辑:华强)