楚迪之家，作尔兹，瑞士

建筑设计：梅恩·杜里·阿尔昆特

Architect: Men Duri Arquint

1 外景/Exterior views

建筑师梅恩·杜里·阿尔昆特关注的是有文化关联的建筑。他认为建筑师的职业是以场地的文化、建筑类型、可用的建筑材料和当下的技术为基础的。他的建筑不只关注视觉表面或形象。他是关注空间和明确文化关联的建筑师。所以，阿尔昆特将建筑视为一种整合的手段，使各个方面融入一个清晰的形式之中，并从室内空间、施工过程或城市规划中确定最终的建筑。一切都需要从建筑结构和高质量的建筑材料中得到精确的解决方案，并通过工艺加以提升。建筑可以借鉴前人的经验、施工方式、材料用法和建造方案。这种经验与今天营造空间的多重可能性构成了当代的空间。

楚迪之家位于作尔兹市面向大山的居住区上部。这座混凝土建筑在南侧是敞开的。它是为画廊的一对夫妇和一位客人建造的，里面还有奇异爬行动物的饲养箱、汽车和艺术品仓库的空间，以及主人的个人收藏品。建筑的外观在形式上参照了其所在的恩加丁山谷的传统建筑。

这座有5个门的建筑分为两个部分，朝向山坡的是服务区。三角形的部分保护建筑免受雪崩，因此建筑采用了坚固的双层混凝土做法，这里所有的地板都是水磨石制成的。住宅朝向南的部分是建筑所有的生活空间。在这两个部分中间是带有电梯、建筑设备和烟囱的设备层。起居室是建筑的中心，它跨过了整个上层楼面。在这里，双层高的空间从中间被插入的客房分开。窗户、百叶窗和门扇等细木作使用的是暗色橡木。它们是各个房间的连接要素。所有的黑色部位都采用暗色橡木。内部的房间组织为一个室内空间序列，并构成了一种空间内部雕塑。建筑就是一种内部雕塑，呼应着历史和当代生活。（尚晋 译）

2 外景/Exterior views

3 总平面/Site plan

The architect Men Duri Arquint is interested in architecture with cultural relations. He sees the profession of an architect based in the culture of the site, typologies, available building materials and the technologies of today. His architecture is not just interested in a visual surface or image. He is an architect interested in space and clear cultural relations. Therefore Arquint sees architecture as a combining tool to bring various aspects into a clear form to define the final building out of interior, construction or urban planning.Everything needs to come to a precise solution out of one building structure, high quality building materials and improved through handcraft. Architecture can profit from the knowledge of previous generations, their constructions, use of materials and building solutions.That knowledge combined with the spatial possibilities of today form contemporary spaces.

The house Tschudi in Zuoz is situated in Zuoz at the upper part of the settlement towards the mountain. The building is exposed to the southern side and constructed in concrete. It is built for a galerist couple, one guest, and gives space for terrariums with exotic reptiles, cars, art storage and hosts the personal collection of the owners. The outside of the building refers in its typology to the classical buildings in the Engadin Valley where the house is situated.

The building has five floors. It is organised in two parts: a serving part towards the hillside of the mountain. The triangle shape protects the house from the danger of avalanches. Therefore the construction of the building is solid with a double layer of concrete. Here all floors are made in terrazzo. Towards the south the house hosts all living spaces of the building. In between the two parts one finds a service layer with an elevator,building technologies, and chimneys. The living room spans over the whole floor in the upper part and is the centre of the house. Here the double height of the space is divided in the middle by the insertion of the guest room. The carpentry work as windows, venetian blinds and doors are done in dark oak. They serve as in a connecting element for all the different rooms. All black parts are in a dark oak. The inner rooms are organised as an inner spatial sequence and form a spatial inner sculpture. A house is an inner sculpture and refers to history and to contemporary living.

4 首层平面/Ground floor plan

5 地下一层平面/Floor B1 plan

6 停车场/Parking level B2 plan

7 二层平面/1st floor plan

8 三层平面/2nd floor plan

9 纵剖面/Longitudinal section

10-11 内景/Interior views

评论

郭廖辉：一如每一个清晰的住宅平面，“家形”的平面被划分成服务和被服务两个部分。相对于平面方正的起居室、卧室，服务区域组织了楼梯、通高和钝角，使空间呈现出被雕刻的几何性。平面与材料则严格对应。白墙和混凝土墙的应用为收藏家的艺术品提供了美术馆质量的展示空间。橡木地板、地毯与白墙的组合又提示了居住性。服务区域通体混凝土和水磨石，与外层混凝土墙形成了“三明治”结构，而内层的材料意义大于结构，旨在空间感受上的区别。主卧室架在起居空间上空，消解了坡屋顶，将起居室分为天窗伸向屋脊两边的两个空间，这几乎是5层的房子剖面上的唯一空间操作。均匀的混凝土立面上模版分缝形成了一个网格，打破网格的开洞，平面构成般的栏杆都显出了立面的当代性。整个建筑对色彩的克制在日落之后被紫色霓虹灯字释放了出来。张早：如今在瑞士，一座混凝土立面的住宅意味着完全的内保温构造。连接混凝土墙体和楼板的抗剪销钉技术可以在这两种结构构件间制造间隙，允许保温层穿过，从而避免可能出现的冷桥。今天，这种技术使混凝土墙体可以作为外壳出现在瑞士寒冷的山区。这座住宅靠南的部分便是这样处理的。在北侧，服务核嵌套在外立面的壳子里，保温则在两个壳子之间出现。这样的结构与表皮制造了具有现代美术馆气息的水泥盒子。这个盒子里，下埋的车库和入口区、在北侧侵向山体的折线以及顶部坡顶下的空间规划强化了住宅流线的戏剧性。这一切现代手法都被覆盖在了瑞士山区木屋式的坡顶之下，尽管高反光的屋顶、过于夸张的排水管和混凝土盒子消解的正面弱化了类型的力量，它仍是一座山面临街、屋脊垂直于等高线的房子。

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: Elsbeth Bisig and Ruedi Tschudi

结构工程师/Structural Engineer: Jon Andrea Könz

建造周期/Building Year: 2010-2012

摄影/Photos: Men Duri Arquint (fig.1), Ralph Feiner (fig.2,10-16)

12 内景/Interior views

13 内景/Interior views

14 藏书室/Library

15.16 位于三层的客房将位于二层的客厅与餐厅分隔开来/Living and dining area in the first floor divided by the guest room in the 2nd floor

ZHANG Zao: Nowadays in Switzerland, a house with concrete facade means a complete internal insulation structure. The shear pin technique connecting the concrete walls and floors can create gaps between the two structural components, allowing the insulation layer to pass through, so as to avoid possible cold bridges. Today, this technique makes it possible for concrete walls to be used as shells in the cold mountain areas of Switzerland. The south part of this house is treated like this. On the north side, the function core is embedded in the shell of exterior facade, and insulation appears between the two shells. This structure – skin system creates a concrete box with the feeling of Museum of Contemporary Art. In this box, the buriedin garage and entrance area, the fold line that leans to the mountains on the north, and the space planning under the slope roof, enhanced the drama in the residential route. All these modern techniques are covered underneath the Swiss Chalet style slope roof. Although the highly reflective roof, the exaggerated drainage pipe and the front of a resolved concrete box have weakened the power of the style, it is still a house with its gable facing the street and its ridge vertical to the isohypse line. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

Comments

GUO Liaohui: Just as every clear housing plan, the "home" plan is divided into two parts – service and be served. Compared with the rectangular plan of the living room and the bedroom, the service area organized stairs,voids and obtuse angles, and revealed the carved geometry of space. The plan is strictly corresponding to the material. The application of white and concrete walls provides an exhibition space with the quality of art galleries for the collector's artworks. The combination of oak floors, carpets and white walls suggests the state of living. The service area is made of concrete and terrazzo allover, forming a "sandwich" structure with the outer concrete wall. The meaning of material of the inner layer is greater than the structure, aiming at the difference of spatial perception. The main bedroom is built over the living space, which eliminates the pitched roof and divides the living room into two spaces – from the skylights extending to both sides of the ridge – which is almost the only spatial operation on the section of this five story house. The formwork jointings on the even concrete facade form a grid. The openings that break the grid and the railings that look like planar formation, all showed the modernity of the facade. The restraint on color in this whole building was released by the purple neon light after the sunset. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)