形容词和副词在高考中的热点与冷点

广东

（作者单位：广东省中山市第一中学）

形容词和副词是历年高考语法和词汇知识的考查重点，也是学习的难点。在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中，形容词和副词是必考项目。做题时，要联系语境，做到“词不离句、句不离文”。下面结合典型考题，对形容词和副词的冷、热考点进行分析总结。

一、高考热点

热点1.形容词和副词的用法

形容词在句中一般作定语、表语和补足语等。副词主要作状语，修饰动词、分词、形容词或另一副词，也可修饰整个句子，常位于句首。

（2014湖北卷写作）Luckily, she was not badlyinjuredand we sent her to thenearesthospital.幸运的是，她没有严重受伤，我们送她去了最近的医院。

即时练习1：

①（2017全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ______ （fair）unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

②（2016全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_______（regular）.

③（2016全国Ⅲ卷短文改错）At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

④（2015全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

⑤（2017全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.

⑥（2014全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

⑦（2017全国Ⅲ卷短文改错）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.

热点2.形容词变副词

⑴一般情况下，直接加-ly。如，quick→quickly。

⑵以辅音字母+ y结尾的，改y为i再加ly。如，happy→happily。

⑶以-le结尾的，改e为y。如，possible→possibly,但whole→wholly，full→fully是例外。

⑷以元音字母+e结尾的,去e再加ly。如，true→truly。以辅音字母+e结尾的,直接加ly。如，safe→safely。

⑸以-ed和-ing结尾的形容词变副词直接加ly。如，excited→excitedly , surprising→surprisingly。

即时练习2：

①（2016全国Ⅰ卷语法填空）From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be______ （official）given to me at a ceremony in London.

②（2013广东卷语法填空）“But such a small thing couldn’t ________ （possible）destroy a village.”

③（语法填空）Unfortunately he fell into a hole; getting out of the hole, he was wet and dirty.He went _________（hurry） to the house of the rich man.

④（语法填空）My heart almost stopped beating______（whole）.

⑤（2014广东卷语法填空） She was________（surprise）helpful.

⑥（2015全国Ⅱ卷短文改错）Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

⑦（2015浙江卷短文改错）On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.

热点3.-ed形容词和-ing 形容词的区分

有些表心理活动的动词的含义是“使某人……”。这种词构成的-ed形式的形容词意为“感到……的”；-ing形式的形容词意为“令人……的”。例如：surprised 感到吃惊的——surprising令人吃惊的

satisfied感到满意的——satisfying令人满意的

interested 感到有兴趣的——interesting令人感兴趣的

disappointed感到失望的——disappointing令人失望的

pleased 感到高兴的——pleasing令人高兴的

tired 感到疲倦的——tiring 令人疲倦的

worried 感到忧虑的——worrying令人忧虑的

即时练习3：

①（2014全国Ⅰ卷语法填空） While there are________（amaze） stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.

②（2014全国Ⅱ卷语法填空） There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and________（disappoint）.

③（语法填空）For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ______ （please), because there were many empty seats in the room.

④（2017全国Ⅱ卷短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.

⑤（2013浙江卷短文改错）I am awfully tiring, but I know I'll never fall asleep.

⑥（2016四川卷短文改错）At dinner, we said to her,“Happy Mother’s Day!”Mom was grateful and moving.

⑦Though I was a little bit nervous at the beginning, later on _____________ （我感觉放松了）and the performance was a great success.

⑧From this experience,__________（我相信）that genuine knowledge comes from real practice.

热点4.同根副词

有些副词有两种形式，一种是和形容词同形，另一种是加-ly构成。例如，

hard努力地——hardly几乎不

close接近/靠近——closely仔细地/密切地

late 迟/晚——lately最近——later以后/后来——latest最新的/最近的

deep 深地（具体深度）——deeply深深地（抽象深度）

high高地（具体高度）——highly高度地（抽象程度）

wide宽地——widely广泛地

most非常/最——mostly主要地/大多数

（2013四川卷写作）Therefore, in order to establish a good learning habit, we should review the course we have learned regularly and tryhardto recite something important.因此，为了养成良好的学习习惯，我们应该经常复习所学内容，努力背诵重要的东西。

I felt lonely because Ihardlyknew any people.我感觉很孤独因为我几乎不认识人。

（2014辽宁卷满分作文）Your work must becloselyrelated to campus life.你的作品必须与校园生活有密切联系。

Deeplymoved by her efforts, we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.被她的努力深深地感动了，我们竭尽全力，赢得了比赛的一等奖。

Learning English depends on readingwidelyand largely.学英语取决于大量地广泛地阅读。

即时练习4：

①（语法填空）I left it early because I had an appointment_______ （late） that day.

②（2017全国Ⅲ卷短文改错）I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.

③（2017全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.

④（2013四川卷短文改错）I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it.

⑤（短文改错）The airport bus leaves every 30 minutes and will take you rightly to the Friendship Hotel.

⑥（短文改错）For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning.

⑦（2014辽宁卷短文改错）That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.

⑧（2013福建卷满分作文）Many of them___________（几乎不能照顾自己）, still less manage their own life.

⑨Others think private tutoring takes up so much of their free time that they can____________________________________（几乎找不到足够的时间休息和娱乐）.

热点5.形容词和副词的原级和比较级用法

⑴表示相等：① as +adj./adv.原级+as；②as＋adj.原级＋名词＋as

My suggestion is to tell them we want them to trust usas much aswe’d like to trust them.我的建议是告诉他们，我们想要他们信任我们就像我们信任他们一样。

Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to liveas rich and full a life asyou do.要接受他们，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过丰富多彩和充实美满的生活。

注意：as...as possible=as...as one can意为“尽可能……”

I will try to write to youas often as possibleabout the Chinese culture.我会尽可能多地给你写信，谈谈中国文化。

⑵表示不如：not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as

Many people, especially those who think they arenot as talented asothers, tend to give up in their undertakings and thus complain about life.许多人，尤其是那些认为不如别人有才的人，往往会放弃自己的事业，抱怨生活。

⑶表示超过：比较级+than

（2013福建卷满分作文）As far as I’m concerned,parents’ limitless protection will domore harm thangood to children’s future development.我认为，父母无限制的保护对孩子未来的发展弊大于利。

即时练习5：

①（2014全国Ⅰ卷语法填空） Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________（clean）than ever.

②（2014福建卷语法填空） We must keep reminding ourselves that it is easier to get into something ______it is to get out of it.

③（语法填空）I wanted to see _____much of the city as possible in the two days before I was to return to Guangzhou.

④（2016全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）So, get an early start and try to be as productive_______ possible before lunch.

⑤（短文改错）Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.

⑥（短文改错）Second, I will learn more about the history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games.

⑦（2014大纲卷短文改错）And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.

⑧（2013上海卷写作）In my opinion, it is ________________in Shanghai Museum______ in community libraries.我认为，在上海博物馆举办艺术展比在社区图书馆更明智。

热点6.形容词和副词最高级的用法

⑴“the+最高级+比较范围（of/in/among介词短语或定语从句）”表示“……是……中最……的”。

Of/Among all my teachers, Mr.Moore is the one who impresses memost.在我所有的老师中，Moore先生令我印象最深刻。

Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of/among which teamwork isthe most importantfor me.多年的学校生活教会我很多东西，其中合作对我来说是最重要的。

⑵“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”表示“……中最……之一”。

Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded asone of the most inspiring figures in the world.直到今天，林肯被认为是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。

⑶“特殊疑问词+...+the+最高级，甲，乙or丙？”用于三者比较。

Which country isthe largest, China, Brazil or Canada?哪个国家最大，中国、巴西还是加拿大？

⑷“否定词+比较级”或“否定词+such/so...as”结构表示最高级。

（2015湖南卷写作）As a student, I can tell you that there isnothing better thanbeing praised by my teacher before my classmates.作为学生，没有什么比被老师在同学们面前表扬更好的事情了。

即时练习6：

①（2017全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）The Central London Railway was one of the most __________（success）of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

②（语法填空） The teacher replied, “You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be ________（sweet）.”

③（语法填空）Thomas asked Inger to marry him and he gave her the_____（nice） gold ring he could afford to buy.

④（2015陕西卷短文改错）My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.

⑤These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen and I’m the happiest of all!

⑥（2010湖北卷写作）_____________________________________.没有比微笑更有吸引力的身体语言了。

二、高考冷点

冷点1.比较级的两个固定结构

⑴“the more..., the more...”表示“越……越……”。

The harderyou work,the betterresult you will get.

= If you work harder, you will get the better result.你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。

⑵more than的用法

①“more than＋名词”表示“不仅仅是”。

Being a volunteer teacher is obviouslymore thanjustteaching.Furthermore, it is helpful to have a better understanding of the society.很显然，志愿者老师不仅仅只是教学。此外，这份工作还有助于更好地了解社会。

②“more than＋形容词”表示“很，非常”。

I ammore than delightedto invite you to join us to celebrate the Spring Festival—Chinese Lunar New Year so that I can repay your friendship.我很高兴地邀请你和我们一起庆祝春节，即中国的农历新年，以便我能报答你的友谊。

即时练习7：

①（短文改错）If you’d like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.

②（2015四川卷写作）I’m Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am ___________________________________ with your Mandarin.我是李夏，我从你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通话水平。我非常乐意帮助你学习普通话。

③If there is anything I can do for you, I would be______________________.如果我能为你做些什么事，我十分乐意帮忙。

冷点2.四个表达倍数的句型

⑴原级表达法：倍数+ as...as...

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isten times as big asour school.我们也参观了新建的体育场，它比我们学校大十倍。

⑵比较级表达法：倍数+比较级+than...

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isnine times bigger thanour school.

⑶名词表达法：倍数+the+名词（size/height/length/width...）+of ...

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isten times the size ofour school.

⑷what从句表达法

We also visited a newly-built sports stadium, which isten times whatour school is.

即时练习8：翻译句子。

①（2015全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B）In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.

②But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known.

③Their study found that theobromine（可可碱）, found in cocoa（可可粉）, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

三、即时练习参考答案

即时练习1

①fairly②regularly③freely→free④seriously→serious⑤suddenly→sudden⑥wonderfully→wonderful⑦difference→different

即时练习2

①officially②possibly③hurriedly④wholly⑤surprisingly⑥terrible→terribly⑦easy→easily

即时练习3

①amazing②disappointed③pleased④interesting→interested⑤tiring→tired⑥moving→moved⑦I felt relaxed ⑧I am convinced

即时练习4

①later②late→latest③late→later④hardly→hard⑤rightly→right⑥loudly→loud⑦closely→close⑧can hardly look after themselves⑨hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment

即时练习5

①cleaner ②than③as④as⑤rich→richer⑥good→well⑦that→as⑧more advisable to hold the art exhibition；than

即时练习6

①successful②sweeter③nicest④better→best⑤happier→happiest⑥No body language can be more attractive/fascinating than smiling.

即时练习7

①better→more

②more than willing to help you

③more than glad to help

即时练习8

①一项研究发现，人们在蓝色的房间里比在黄色或者红色的房间里吃饭时少摄入33%的食物。

②但是关于这种菠萝新品种最重要的一点是，它比我们过去所熟悉的品质一般的菠萝甜两倍。

③他们的研究发现可可粉中的可可碱止咳的有效性比目前被认为最好的止咳药物可待因的效果还要强三分之一。