方如旗,周作福,陈霞平,马 宏,潘地铃
(福建省妇幼保健院,福建 福州 350001)
◁妇产影像学▷
卵巢支持-间质细胞瘤的MR表现与临床病理对照分析
方如旗,周作福,陈霞平,马 宏,潘地铃
(福建省妇幼保健院,福建 福州 350001)
目的:探讨卵巢支持-间质细胞瘤(SLCT)的MRI表现,以提高对其诊断水平。资料和方法:回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的SLCT MRI表现,并和临床、病理资料作对照分析。结果:本组5例,年龄26~64岁,3例有月经紊乱或闭经或不孕等去女性化表现,1例有多毛、痤疮、阴蒂肥大等男性化表现,1例表现为绝经后阴道流血症状,4例腹部可触及肿块。5例血睾酮升高。MR图像上,5例均为单侧,右侧2例,左侧3例,4例为实性,为圆形、卵圆形,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,DWI呈明显高信号,ADC图呈低信号,动态增强曲线呈速升-平台型,其中2例病灶内伴小囊状影,1例为多房囊实性,呈分叶状,囊性部分T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,实性部分呈结节状,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,DWI呈高信号。病理上3例为高分化SLCT,1例为中等分化,1例为低分化,免疫组化表型,5例Inhibin-a、Vimentin均为阳性,5例EMA均为阴性。结论:SLCT MR表现有一定特征,结合临床表现可提高术前诊断准确率,确诊依赖病理证实。
卵巢肿瘤;磁共振成像
卵巢支持间质细胞瘤 (Sertoli-leydig cell tumor,SLCT)是一种少见的性索-间质肿瘤,约占原发性卵巢肿瘤的0.5%,按2014年WHO分类的定义,这是一种由不同比例,不同分化程度的支持细胞和睾丸型间质细胞组成的肿瘤,文献对此肿瘤的影像学表现报道极少,本文收集5例经术后证实的SLCT临床、病理及影像学资料做回顾性分析。
回顾性分析2008—2016年我院5例SLCT患者的临床、病理以及影像学资料。
采用GE公司Signa HDe超导型1.5T磁共振,应用腹部联合相控阵线圈,检查前训练患者胸式平稳呼吸,用腹带适当加压以减少呼吸伪影。5例行常规MRI平扫加DWI扫描,其中4例行增强扫描。常规MRI平扫包括横断面T1WI(FSE,TR/TE=550/9.6 ms,矩阵 320×224,FOV 32,层厚 6 mm,层间距1 mm)、横断面脂肪抑制T2WI(FSE,TR/TE=3 600/102 ms,矩阵 320×224,FOV 32,层厚 6 mm,层间距1 mm)、矢状面、冠状面脂肪抑制 T2WI(FSE,TR/TE=3 320/60 ms,矩阵 320×224,层厚 6 mm,层间距1 mm),横断位脂肪抑制T1WI(FSE,TR/TE=550/9.6 ms,矩阵 320×224,FOV 32,层厚 6 mm,层间距1 mm)。横断位DWI采用SE序列平面回波(EPI)采集 (矩阵 128×128,FOV 32,TR/TE=5 600/80 ms,b=800 s/mm2,层厚 6 mm,层间距 1 mm),常规使用脂肪抑制。增强扫描经肘静脉注射造影剂钆喷酸葡胺(Gd-DTPA,商品名马根维显,拜耳先灵),剂量0.1 mmol/kg体质量,注射流率2.8 mL/s,注射Gd-DTPA后,紧接着注射等量的生理盐水冲洗。先行动态扫描,在注药前先采集1~3期非增强基准图像,然后无间隔连续扫描50期,采用三维肝脏容积加速成像(LAVA)(翻转角 10°,FOV 36 cm×22 cm,层厚5 mm,矩阵256×192),动态扫描结束后,采用LAVA序列行横断位、矢状位及冠状位延迟扫描。
DWI及动态增强原始图像传入ADW 2.0工作站,使用Functool 12.0分析软件包进行自动后处理。由工作站自动生成时间-信号曲线(TIC)。同样由软件自动重组表观扩散系数 (ADC)图,并读取ADC值。
由两位高年资影像科医生采用双盲法各自单独阅片,分析肿瘤病灶部位、形态、大小、信号、边界、包膜以及读取ADC值,判定动态曲线形态,征象判定以两者取得共同意见为准,意见不一致者,经过讨论达成一致。
两位高年资病理科医师共同诊断,分析标本大体形态及镜下表现并结合免疫组化结果。所有标本均经过10%中性福尔马林固定,梯度酒精脱水、石蜡包埋、4 mm切片,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,光镜观察。免疫组化采用Envision两步法,检测抑制素-a(Inhibin-a)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)等。
见表1。5例中,年龄26~64岁,平均48岁,3例有失女态表现,1例年轻患者原发性不孕,1例月经稀少,1例原发闭经。1例有男性化特征,表现为声音粗、痤疮,体检阴蒂肥大。2例为绝经后,有雌激素增高症状,1例为绝经后阴道不规则出血,1例子宫内膜增生伴息肉。5例中有4例下腹部可扪及肿块,1例体检未发现肿块。实验室检查,5例血睾酮(T)均有不同程度增高,值0.98~8.08 nmol/L(正常值0.15~0.50 nmol/L),术后复查血睾酮均恢复正常,值0.05~0.48nmol/L。2 例雌二醇(E2)增高,值 53.71~66.00pg/L,5例CA125水平均在正常范围。1例年轻患者有生育要求,行腹腔镜下一侧附件切除+大网膜切除+双侧输卵管间质部插管通液术,余4例均开腹手术,1例行全子宫+双附件切除,3例行全子宫加一侧附件切除术,术后临床分期3例IaG1,1例IaG2,1例I-aG3,2例术后辅以化疗,化疗方案(PEB:第1天卡铂,第3天依托泊苷和博来霉素)4个疗程。
表1 5例SLCT患者临床资料及实验室检查结果
见表2。5例均为单侧卵巢发生,右侧2例,左侧3例,肿瘤大小3.6~12.5 cm,1例为多房囊实性(图1),呈分叶状边缘,内见结节及不规则实性影,余4例呈圆形、类圆形,2例为完全实性(图2),2例为实性伴病灶内少许小囊状影(图3)。实性部分MR平扫呈T1WI低信号、T2WI稍高信号 (T2WI信号高于子宫肌层),囊性区呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号影(类似于尿液信号),DWI见实性部分呈明显高信号影,ADC图呈低信号,囊性区ADC为低信号。4例行增强扫描见肿瘤强化明显,动态曲线见肿瘤呈速升-平台型(图3d)。5例下腹部、盆腔内均未见肿大淋巴结影,未见大量腹水征。2例伴子宫肌瘤,1例伴子宫内膜增厚,1例伴一侧卵巢囊肿。
术后分别切除5个病灶送病理检查,肿瘤大小4~12 cm,1例呈分叶状,切面见多房囊腔,囊液淡黄色,清亮,囊内见实性结节,切面黄白色。余4例大体呈圆形、卵圆形,肿瘤边界清楚,可见纤维包膜,切面色黄,其中2例呈完全实性,2例见细小囊腔。镜下见3例肿瘤由分化好的支持细胞小管和胞浆丰富嗜酸的睾丸型间质细胞组成 (图1d),1例镜下见肿瘤由不成熟的支持细胞条索和片巢及胞浆丰富嗜酸的睾丸型间质细胞组成 (图2d),支持细胞核轻度异型,1例镜下见支持细胞分化差呈梭形,核深染且核
分裂多 (图3e),免疫组化表型5例Inhibin-a,Vimentin均为阳性,5例EMA均为阴性,病理诊断结果3例为高分化SLCT,1例为中等分化SLCT,1例为低分化SLCT。
表2 5例SLCT患者MR表现及病理结果、免疫组化分析结果
图1 左侧卵巢高分化SLCT。图1a:横断位脂肪抑制T1WI。图1b:横断位脂肪抑制T2WI,囊性部分呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号影,实性部分呈结节状,为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号影。图1c:DWI实性结节为高信号。图1d:显微镜下肿瘤由分化好的支持细胞形成中空小管状结构,支持细胞核深染,无明显异型,散在见胞浆丰富的间质细胞(HE)。Figure 1. A case of well-differentiated SLCT in theleftovary.Axial T1WI with fat suppression(Figure 1a)and axial T2WI with fat suppression(Figure 1b)show cysts of hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI,and solid components of hypointensity on T1WI slight hyperintensity on T2WI and hyperintensity on DWI(Figure 1c).Microscopically,well-differentiated sertoli cells with nuclear hyperchromatism arrange in the form of hollow tubules,and leydig cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm scatter in the hypocellular stroma(HE,Figure 1d).
图2 右侧卵巢中分化SLCT。图2a:横断位T1WI。图2b:横断位脂肪抑制T2WI,实性部分为T1WI低信号、T2WI稍高信号。图2c:ADC图见病灶弥散受限呈低信号。图2d:显微镜下不成熟的支持细胞形成巢状和条索状排列结构,瘤细胞呈梭形,轻到中度异型,间质中见散在间质细胞(HE)。Figure 2. A case of moderately-differentiated SLCT in the right ovary.Axial T1WI with fat suppression(Figure 2a)and axial T2WI with fat suppression(Figure 2b)demonstrate the tumor of hypointensity on T1WI,slight hyperintensity on T2WI, and hypointensity on ADC map(Figure 2c).Microscopic examinations reveal cellular lobules with nests and poorly developed tubules of moderate atypia sertoli cells,leydig cells scatter in the hypocellular stroma(HE,Figure 2d).
图3 右侧卵巢低分化SLCT。图3a:横断位脂肪抑制T2WI,实性部分为稍高信号影,囊性部分为高信号影。图3b:DWI图像见实性部分为明显高信号影,囊性部分为低信号影。图3c:增强扫描图像,见实性部分病灶明显强化。图3d:动态增强TIC曲线,见病灶明显强化,呈速升-平台型。图3e:显微镜下肿瘤细胞弥漫片状生长,分化差,核深染,分裂相多,中-重度核异型(HE)。Figure 3. A case of poorly-differentiated SLCT in the right ovary.Axial T2WI with fat suppression(Figure 3a)demonstrates the tumor of slight hyperintensity on T2WI,hyperintensity on DWI(Figure 3b),and obvious enhancement after administration of contrast medium(Figure 3c).The TIC of the solid region shows sharp peak-plat form in dynamic contrast enhanced(DCE)MR imaging(Figure 3d).Microscopically,immature sertoli cells with dark blue nucleus arrange in diffuse nests with moderate to severe nuclear atypia(HE,Figure 3e).
SLCT是一类向睾丸方向分化的性索-间质肿瘤,其瘤细胞具有类似睾丸支持细胞和睾丸间质细胞的细胞学特征,1973年WHO卵巢肿瘤分类曾将其命名为男性母细胞瘤,而WHO 2014卵巢肿瘤分类法中则应用“支持-间质细胞瘤”这一名词,SLCT是一类少见的肿瘤,占性索间质肿瘤的1%[1],发病年龄文献报道为任何年龄,常见于20~30岁[2],本组26~64岁,SLCT是一类功能性肿瘤,但起病隐匿,临床表现与肿瘤产生的激素密切相关,半数以上有激素症状[3],特征的为雄性激素(睾酮、雄烯二酮)升高,导致的去女性化和男性化体征,文献报导约1/3的SLCT患者有特征性的男性化表现[4],主要有声粗、男性胡须、痤疮、多毛,秃顶,阴蒂肥大,发际线增高、秃头,少数报道患者有指甲床的变化[5],多由血睾酮、雄烯二酮增高的激素效应,本组1例有男性化特征,表现为痤疮、多毛、阴蒂肥大。本组病例更多表现为去女性化表现,如原发不孕、闭经、月经紊乱。极少数患者表现为雌激素增高的症状[6],本组查血雌二醇2例增高,其中1例有绝经后阴道出血症状,检查见子宫内膜增生伴息肉。术前查血激素有助于SLCT的诊断,本组5例均有不同程度的血睾酮增高,而术后复查血睾酮基本恢复正常水平,可见血睾酮升高与肿瘤相关,但血睾酮水平与临床症状程度无明显相关,本组1例有男性化特征者血睾酮并未显著高于其他病例,而1例血睾酮增高较为明显的患者,却未见其有男性化表现。本组5例除1例有男性化征的患者术前临床有考虑SLCT,其余4例临床均未考虑到此病。
影像学文献报道极少,B超[7]、CT[8]仅见个例报道,Song等[9]报道5例MR表现,目前未见更多病例数报道,文献中该瘤多为单侧发病,右侧多见,极少数双侧发病[10]。Song等[9]报道5例中实性、囊实性及囊性病灶均可见,单纯性实性病灶较囊性、囊实性病灶小,囊实性病灶表现为囊壁、分隔不规则增厚,囊性部分呈水样信号,Azuma[11]报道1例多囊性SLCT伴囊内液出血信号,实性部分CT呈软组织密度[8,11],MR图像T2WI呈中等稍高信号。本组5例均为单侧发病,除1例高分化SLCT为囊实性,实性部分呈结节状,余4例均为完全实性或显著实性,其中包括高分化、中分化及低分化SLCT,囊变有否与细胞分化程度无明显相关。SLCT表现为囊实性时,影像无明显特征,与其他上皮性肿瘤、尤其是交界性上皮肿瘤[12]鉴别困难。SLCT表现为实性肿块或显著实性肿块时,有一定的特征,单侧附件区圆形或类圆形实性肿块,边界清楚,包膜完整,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,在DWI图像上表现为明显高信号,ADC为低信号,呈弥散受限改变。增强扫描提示该瘤血供丰富,本组4例动态增强TIC曲线见肿瘤呈速升-平台型,增强动态曲线特征有别于其他实性性索间质肿瘤如卵泡膜纤维瘤[13],与卵巢上皮恶性肿瘤TIC形态差别不明显,但上皮性癌常规MR表现为单发圆形实性的较少,文献尚未见报道SLCT的DWI及TIC特征。Rathi等[14]报道网状型病例、Horta等[15]报伴异源性成分病例均表现为囊性或囊实性,病灶直径较大。综合文献及本组病例影像学表现,SLCT影像表现多样,高分化、低分化及中等分化均可见实性或囊实性,实性成分MR信号及增强特性有一定特征,囊性部分多呈水样信号,极少数伴囊内出血,伴异源性成分以及网状型的病例多为囊性成分多于实性成分。
肿瘤性质的确诊则需依靠组织病理学诊断,依据支持细胞呈管状分化的程度、原始性腺所占比例等,WHO 2014卵巢肿瘤分类法将SLCT分为:高分化、中分化(伴异源成分)、低分化(伴异源成分)、网状型(伴异源成分)、非特异性支持-间质细胞肿瘤,网状型较为罕见[14],伴异源成分仅见少许个例[15],异源性成分可为上皮(主要为黏液性)或间叶来源(常见为软骨样或横纹肌母细胞样),文献报道以中分化、低分化较常见,本组病例高分化常见,与文献略有差异,但仅仅依靠HE染色标本对该病的诊断仍有一定的难度,常需结合免疫组化来进一步明确诊断,Inhibin-a、Vimentin具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,本组中5例均为阳性,而上皮性癌指标EMA均为阴性,可与上皮性癌相鉴别。此外SLCT免疫组化表型 Calretinin、WT-1,CD56 亦可为阳性[4]。
SLCT主要通过种植播散及血行转移,极少通过淋巴结转移,本组5例均未见淋巴结转移征象,其预后与临床分期,分化程度、肿瘤有否破裂及是否伴有异源性成分相关,文献报道SLCT临床多为Ⅰ期,本组5例均为Ⅰa期,与文献相符合,高分化者可认为良性,而中、低分化者有恶性倾向,手术治疗是最佳方案,一般中、低分化的SLCT可辅以化疗,但化疗的必要性及效果仍在探索中。
总之,SLCT是一种罕见的卵巢原发性肿瘤,当肿瘤表现为囊性或囊实性时,MR无明显特征,但肿瘤表现为实性时,MR有一定的特征性,结合临床特征、血激素的检查可提高术前诊断率,但确诊需要术后病理和免疫组化联合诊断。
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Analysis of MR imaging and clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumor
FANG Ru-qi,ZHOU Zuo-fu,CHEN Xia-ping,MA Hong,PAN Di-ling
(Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Health Hospital,Fuzhou 350001,China)
Objective:To improve the diagnosis accuracy of ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumor(SLCT),by exploring the MRI features.Materials andMethods:The MR images and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed in five cases with SLCT verified by surgery and pathology retrospectively.Results:The ages of the five cases ranged from 26 to 64 years old,three presenting signs of defeminization such as menstrual irregularities,amenorrhea and infertility,one presenting signs of masculinization such as hirsutism,acne and clitoromegaly,one complainting postmenopausal vaginal bleeding,and four cases with abdominal mass.The secrum testosterone was increased in all 5 cases.On MR,all 5 cases were unilateral with 2 in the right and 3 in the left.Four lesions were solid of round or oval shape with tiny cysts in 2 lesions.The solid components were hypointense on T1WI and slightly hyperintense on T2WI,hyperintense on DWI and hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient map.The time signal intensity curve(TIC)of the solid regions showed sharp peak-plat form in dynamic contrast enhanced(DCE)MR imaging.One tumor was lobulated with multilobular cyst and nodular solid portion.The cyst was hypointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI,while the solid part was hypointense on T1WI,slightly hyperintense on T2WI,and hyperintense on DWI.On histopathology,three SLCT cases were well differentiated,one was moderately differentiated and one was poorly differentiated.Immunohistochemically,all 5 cases were positive with inhibin and vimentin,and negative with epithelial membrane antigen(EMA).Conclusion:Ovarian SLCT demonstrates some characteristics on MR imaging,which will improve diagnosis accuracy combined with clinical features,and the final diagnosis usually depends on pathology.
Ovarian neoplasms;Magnetic resonance imaging
R737.31;R445.2
A
1008-1062(2017)07-0516-05
2016-08-06;
2017-01-18
方如旗(1983-),男,福建闽侯人,主治医师。E-mail:fangruqi1983@163.com
方如旗,福建省妇幼保健院影像科,350001。E-mail:fangruqi1983@163.com