首尔空中花园 “首尔路7017”

MVRDV设计事务所

首尔空中花园 “首尔路7017”

MVRDV设计事务所

2017年5月20日，首尔市长朴元淳宣布名为 “首尔路7017”的空中花园正式向公众开放，该空中人行绿道是由前城市高架桥改造而成。废弃的城市高架桥以线性公园的形式得以重生，形成可供行人和游客驻足游憩的植物展廊，覆盖了超过200种乡土树木、灌木、花卉。MVRDV联合创始人韦尼·马斯（Winy Maas）在演讲中介绍：“空中花园以生动的植物百科的形式，向公众展示了韩国自然遗产的部分精华。”

1总平面图Masterplan

由废弃高架桥改造而成的空中花园长983m，收集了至少50个科的植物（乔木、灌木和花卉），约228个主要品种及亚种，它们被栽植于645个不同的种植池中进行展示，囊括了种类众多的韩国乡土植物，在日益发展的首尔市中心区开辟出真正的“城市植物小镇”。“小镇”中总计包括新种植的24 000棵植物（乔木、灌木和花卉），许多植物将在未来10年逐渐达到其成熟期株高。

首尔空中花园被官方命名为“首尔路7017”，“7017”源于2个重要年份的结合——原城市高架桥在1970年建成并于2017年改造为空中花园而获得重生。首尔中央火车站旁的步行高架廊道，将进一步使城市（特别是中央车站区）变得更绿色、更友好、更具吸引力，从而在更大范围内将城市绿地连接起来。

自2015年5月MVRDV赢得此项目后，其最大的挑战是将既有的高架桥改造成16m高、囊括品种繁多的韩国乡土植物的钢筋混凝土结构的公共花园。为了将20世纪70年代的废弃高架桥改造成空中花园，借此改变首尔中心区的大量流动人群的生活方式，MVRDV将这座老旧的公共设施改造为全新的绿色地标，成为推动城市区域发展的绿化催化剂。在市政当局及当地民间组织的协助下，景观设计和城市顾问团队在密集的城市环境中引入了最多样化的植物群落，并通过新的人行桥和楼梯将高架桥与周边的酒店、商店和花园串连起来。

MVRDV联合创始人韦尼·马斯介绍道：“我们的设计将韩国自然遗产的部分精华，以生动的植物百科形式展示于城市中心。主要理念是让城市居民与自然紧密联系，同时为其提供观赏首尔火车站和崇礼门的绝佳视野。空中花园既是具有教育意义的植物园，也是孕育各类物种的城市苗圃，同时随着植物的生长和移植，未来将以城市花园的形式延伸至城市的各个角落。所有植物以不同的科来组织，形成不同大小和高度的盆栽，通过韩文字母排序，产生别具一格的空间布局。”

2鸟瞰图Aerial view

3-1支线剖面——会议中心Section branch—Convention Center

3-2支线剖面——加油站Section branch—Gas Station

3-3支线剖面——乐天玛特Section branch—Lotte Mart

3-4支线剖面——首尔广场Section branch—Seoul Square

3-5花园剖面——表面绿化Section garden—Green Facade

3-6花园剖面——温室村Section garden—Greenhouse Village

3-7花园剖面——口袋花园Section garden—Pocket Garden

3-8花园剖面——屋顶Section garden—Rooftop

3-9主剖面——自行车停车位Section main—Bike Parking

3-10主剖面——消失的桥Section main—Disapearing Bridge

3-11主剖面——南大门市场Section main—Namdamun Market

3-12主剖面——首尔要塞Section main—Seoul Fortress

3-13主剖面——首尔广场Section main—Seoul Plaza.

3-14主剖面——螺旋楼梯Section main—Spiral Stairs

3-15主剖面——体育公园Section main—Sports Park

整个线性公园由若干个小花园集合而成，每个小花园都有其独特的组成、香气、色彩及特性等。其景观随着四季更迭而变化：秋季槭树科（五角枫）鲜艳夺目，春季樱花和杜鹃盛放，冬季以常绿针叶树为主，而夏季则是灌木和果树枝繁叶茂的时期。韦尼·马斯表示：“这里不仅仅只是植物‘图书馆’ ，也是一系列的公共活动空间，某些地方花坛较大，植被种植高度抬升，其下方设有商店、画廊、茶室、剧院、信息中心、维护设施、餐厅等不同功能的空间，因此高架桥将发展为生机盎然的空中花园小镇。”

这些功能也有助于优化使用者的体验，通过在花园中创造有活力的公共空间，在文化及商业的层面上与城市紧密结合。将一些未来可种植在更大花坛中的种子和植物种在小型移动盆栽中，形成灵活的花园。各种楼梯、电梯、人行桥、扶梯等设施将空中花园与城市连接起来，与周边的城市结构形成弹性关系。夜幕降临时，更亲近自然的蓝色灯光点亮空中花园，与周边的城市灯光形成对比，每逢盛大节日或庆祝活动，灯光的颜色也随之变化。

4模型图Model

5激活点Activators labelled

（编辑/任京燕）

设计事务所：MVRDV

业主：首尔市政府

项目面积：高架桥938m段（9 661m2）

设计完成时间：2015年

施工完成时间：2017年

竞赛阶段: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Kai Wang, Ángel Sánchez Navarro, Jaewoo Lee, Antonio Luca Coco, Matteo Artico and Jaime Domínguez Balgoma

深化设计: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Mafalda Rangel, Kai Wang, Daehee Suk, Daan Zandbergen, Dong Min Lee and Sen Yang

合作方：

景观建筑师：Ben Kuipers，代尔夫特， 荷兰

合作建筑师：DMP，首尔， 韩国

结构顾问：Saman Engineering， 首尔， 韩国

合作景观设计师： KECC，首尔， 韩国

建筑结构顾问：Cross，首尔，韩国

机电工程：Samsin，首尔，韩国

交通工程：Song Hyun Ramp;D， 首尔，韩国

灯光设计：Rogier van der Heide and Nanam ALD， 首尔， 韩国

摄影：Ossip van Duivenbode

翻译：于博、胡一可、宋捷

校对：于博、胡一可

6 983m 长的高架桥改造成公共空间花园走廊983 meters long overpass is converted into public space garden corridor

May 20th 2017, Mayor of Seoul, Won-soon Park officially opens Seoul’s new public garden Skygarden, Seoullo 7017, a 983-metre botanical floating walkway, a transformed former city highway. Reborn as a linear park with over 200 local species of trees, shrubs and fl owers are lined as a walkable plant library for residents and visitors to the city. “Skygarden offers a living dictionary of plants which are part of the natural heritage of South Korea”. Winy Maas, MVRDV co-founder, said in his introduction speech today.

Located in the heart of Seoul, a true plant village has been realised on a former inner city highway in an ever-changing urban area accommodating the biggest variety of Korean plant species and transforming it into a public 983-metre long park gathering 50 families of plants including trees, shrubs and fl owers displayed in 645 tree pots, collecting around 228 species and sub-species. In total, the park will include 24,000 plants (trees, shrubs and flowers) that are newly planted many of which will grow to their fi nal heights in the next decade.

Seoullo, the Korean name for Skygarden translates to ‘towards Seoul’ and ‘Seoul Street’, while 7017 marks the overpass’ construction year of 1970, and its new function as a public walkway in 2017. The pedestrianised viaduct next to Seoul’s main station is the next step towards making the city and especially the central station district, greener, friendlier and more attractive, whilst con-necting all patches of green in the wider area.

7 首尔空中花园24 小时可通行，夜晚也有灯光照明Seoul air garden is available 24 hours a day with lighting at night

Since the project was won by MVRDV in May 2015, the main challenge of the Skygarden has been to transform the existing overpass into a public garden, overlaying a matrix of Korean fl ora onto the 16m elevated steel and concrete structure. How to transform a 1970’s highway into a Skygarden and how to change the daily life of thousands of people who cross Seoul’s city centre every day? From the start, MVRDV engaged with this need to change the forgotten and existing infrastructure into a green symbol that will become a catalyst for a greener quarter for Seoul. Together with the municipality, local NGO’s, landscape teams and city advisers are committed to accommodating the biggest diversity of fl ora into a strictly urban condition. New bridges and stairs connect the viaduct with hotels, shops and gardens.

“Our design offers a living dictionary of plants which are part of the natural heritage of South Korea and now, existing in the city centre. The idea here is to connect city dwellers with nature, while at the same time also offering the opportunity of experiencing these amazing views to the Historical Seoul Station and Namdaemun Gate. Skygarden is an educational arboretum, a nursery for future species and one that in the future will act as a garden which can extend to other parts of Seoul as the plants grow and are transferred to new homes”, says Winy Maas, founding partner of MVRDV.“They are planted in containers of different size and height, and organised in groups off a milies. The families are ordered according to the Korean alphabet. This leads to surprising spatial compositions”.

8 延伸段: 可激活周边区域的绿植和公共空间, 将空中花园与周边在视觉上和交通上都连接起来Extension: Activate the surrounding plants and public spaces, and make the garden and the surroundings connected together visually and physically

9 高架桥提供了在首尔市中心创造全新的公共空间的绝佳机会The overpass offers an excellent opportunity to create a new public space in the heart of Seoul

10 空中花园极大地缩减火车站周边的步行时间The air garden greatly reduces the walking time around the train station

The linear park was designed as a collection of small gardens, each one with its very own composition, perfume, colour and identity. The landscape will change according to the seasons∶ the bright colours of leaves in autumn of the Aceraceae family (maples), the blossom of cherry trees and rhododendron in spring, the evergreen conifers trees in winter and shrubs and trees bearing fruit in summer. “But it is not only a ‘library’ of plants, a series of pots are bigger. Here the plants are lifted. Underneath there are shops, galleries, tea houses, a theatre, information centres, maintenance boots and restaurants, thus the viaduct is getting inhabited by a plant village”, continues Maas.

These contribute to enhancing the experience of users, boosting the park with activities that engage the city on a cultural and commercial level. Small mobile pots are added for seeds and plants that can be used afterwards in the bigger pots. Mul-tiple stairs, lifts, bridges and escalators connect the city to the new park, rebounding it to the adjacent urban fabric. At night, the Skygarden is illuminated in blue lights in contrast to the bright city lights as the colour is friendly to nature. During festivals and celebrations, different colours can also be changed.

11 人行通道提供了连接首尔火车站与周边的空中步行通道The walkway provides access to Seoul train station and the surrounding area

The Designer: MVRDV

The Client: Seoul municipality government

The Project Area: 938-metre section of elevated highway (9,661 m2)

The Design Completion Time: 2015

The Construction Completion Time: 2017

Competition: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Kai Wang, Ángel Sánchez Navarro, Jaewoo Lee, Antonio Luca Coco, Matteo Artico and Jaime Domínguez Balgoma

Design Development: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Mafalda Rangel, Kai Wang, Daehee Suk, Daan Zandbergen, Dong Min Lee and Sen Yang

Partners:

Landscape Architect: Ben Kuipers, Delft, Netherlands

Local Architect: DMP, Seoul, Korea

Structure: Saman Engineering, Seoul, Korea

Local Landscape Designer: KECC, Seoul, Korea

Architectural Structure: Cross, Seoul, Korea

MEP: Samsin, Seoul, Korea

Traffic Engineers: Song Hyun Ramp;D, Seoul, Korea

Lighting Design: Rogier van der Heide and Nanam ALD, Seoul, Korea

Images: Ossip van Duivenbode

Translator: YU Bo, HU Yi-ke, SONG Jie

Proofreader: YU Bo, HU Yi-ke

12 一系列因地制宜的活动及设施如茶馆、咖啡馆、花店、街市、图书馆和温室等，将打造一个活跃且生机盎然的空中花园A series of local facilities such as tea houses, cafes, florists, markets, libraries and greenhouses, etc., will create an active and vibrant air garden

13 MVRDV利用韩国当地植物，排列以韩文字母顺序为依据，以不同的植物来识别不同的空间类型，使生态系统更具多样性MVRDV selected species of Korean local plants and arranged them in alphabetical order based on Korean. Different plants can be symbols of various types of spaces, creating ecologycal diversity as well

14一座真正的植物园栖居首尔市中心，不同规格的花坛也可作为行人休憩的座位A real botanical garden is in the heart of Seoul. The flower beds of various sizes can also be used as seats for pedestrians

Seoullo 7017, Seoul’s Skygarden

MVRDV