刘 斌,戴仁峰,金 掌,甘 维,傅江涛
(浙江省丽水市人民医院·温州医科大学附属第六医院,浙江 丽水 323000)
重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子雾化吸入用于全身麻醉下颈椎前路术后咽喉痛3 0例疗效观察
刘 斌,戴仁峰,金 掌,甘 维,傅江涛
(浙江省丽水市人民医院·温州医科大学附属第六医院,浙江 丽水 323000)
目的观察重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-bFGF)雾化吸入对全身麻醉(简称全麻)下经颈椎前路术后咽喉痛的疗效。方法 将全麻下经颈椎前路术后拔除气管导管的 60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。治疗组给予 rh-bFGF 35 000 U+0.9%氯化钠注射液20 mL,压缩雾化吸入,每天1次,每次20 min,连续3 d;对照组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液5 m L+地塞米松5 mg+庆大霉素8万U+糜蛋白酶4 000 U,压缩雾化吸入,每天2次,每次20 min,连续3 d。结果 治疗组术后12,24,48,72 h咽痛发生率及咽痛(吞咽时)疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 rh-bFGF雾化吸入能明显促进呼吸道黏膜修复,减少出血及支气管狭窄等并发症,从而降低经颈椎前路气管插管全麻术后咽痛发生率及咽痛程度,值得推广。
重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子;雾化吸入;经颈椎前路术;全身麻醉;术后咽喉痛;气管插管;临床疗效
Abstract:Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor(rhbFGF)for treating sore throat after anterior cervical operation under general anesthesia.M ethods Totally 60 patients underwent anterior cervical operation under general anesthesia and removed tracheal catheters were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group.The treatment group was given rh-bFGF 35 000 U + 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection 20 mL,compression inhalation,1 time a day,20 min for each time,the drugs were continuously used for 3 days.The control group was given 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection 5 mL + dexamethasone 5 mg + gentamicin 80 000 U + chymotrypsin 4 000 U,compression inhalation,twice a day,20 min for each time,the drugs were continuously used for 3 days.Results 12,24,48,72 h after operation,the incidence of sore throat and VAS score of sore throat(swallowing)of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Aerosol inhalation of rh-bFGF can obviously promote the repair of respiratory tract mucous membrane,reduce bleeding and bronchial stenosis and other complications,in order to reduce the incidence of sore throat and the degree of pain after anterior cervical operation under general anesthesia,it is worthy of promotion.
Key words:recombinant human basic fibroblast grow th factor;aerosol inhalation;anterior cervical operation;general anesthesia;postoperative sore throat;trachea cannula;clinical effect
术后咽喉痛(postoperative sore throat,POST)是气管插管全身麻醉(简称全麻)术后常见的并发症。麻醉过程中,气管因受导管气囊的压迫,易使咽喉及气管黏膜充血、水肿及气管纤毛活动受限,降低呼吸道的屏障作用和患者的抵抗力,导致拔管后出现咽干、咽痛。经颈椎前路手术的麻醉方式以气管插管静吸复合全麻为主,同时,患者由于术中气管的牵拉及前路内固定物植入,均会加重术后吞咽痛等不适的程度。为了降低术后咽痛的发生率及咽痛程度,增加患者的舒适度及满意度,临床常给予地塞米松、庆大霉素、糜蛋白酶联合雾化吸入。本研究中在全麻术后气管拔管后给予一定量重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-bFGF)雾化吸入,研究其对全麻下颈椎前路术后咽喉痛的疗效。现报道如下。
1.1 一般资料
纳入标准:行气管插管全麻下经颈椎前路手术;美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级I~Ⅱ级;插管时间90~180min。
排除标准:存在严重基础疾病;2周内有咽痛史,多次插管,咽喉部及颈部手术史;拔管后不清醒及不能配合。
病例选择与分组:选取2013年6月至2014年12月在我院行气管插管全麻下经颈椎前路手术的患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。治疗组中,男18例,女12例;年龄35~66岁,平均(48±0.2)岁;颈前路椎间盘切除植髂骨融合内固定20例,颈前路椎间盘切除钛网植骨融合内固定10例。对照组中,男16例,女14例;年龄34~65岁,平均(47±0.6)岁;颈前路椎间盘切除植髂骨融合内固定19例,颈前路椎间盘切除钛网植骨融合内固定11例。两组患者的性别、年龄、手术方式等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
两组患者拔除气管插管后神志清楚,能主动配合。取平卧位,采用鱼跃牌402A型超声雾化器(江苏鱼跃医疗设备股份有限公司)。治疗组将rh-bFGF(商品名扶济复,北京双鹭药业股份有限公司,国药准字S20020023,规格为每瓶 35 000 U)1瓶加入0.9%氯化钠注射液20m L压缩雾化吸入,每天1次,每次20min,连续3 d。对照组雾化吸入瓶内盛配制雾化液(地塞米松5mg、庆大霉素8万U及糜蛋白酶4 000 U)加入0.9%氯化钠注射液5mL,以相同方式行压缩雾化吸入,每天2次,每次20min,连续3 d。雾化吸入过程中嘱患者平静呼吸,指导患者主动、有效地咳嗽、咳痰。
1.3 观察指标
治疗过程中严密监测患者血氧饱和度,并观察有无胸闷、恶心等不适症状。观察两组患者术后12,24,48,72 h时咽痛发生情况及咽痛(吞咽时)疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),设为0~10分,0分为无痛;3分以下为有能忍受的轻微疼痛;4~6分为疼痛并影响睡眠,但尚能忍受;7~10分为有逐渐强烈的疼痛,且疼痛难忍,影响食欲及睡眠。观察雾化吸入的不良反应及以喉镜检查咽后壁黏膜水肿、充血、溃疡及肉芽变化等情况。
1.4 统计学处理
采用SPSS 15.0统计学软件分析。计数资料以百分率表示,行 χ2检验;计量资料以±s表示,行 t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果见表1和表2。患者均神志清楚,能主动配合,术后雾化吸入后未出现血氧饱和度降低、胸闷、恶心等不良反应。喉镜检查提示,治疗组患者咽后壁黏膜水肿及充血情况等明显好转。
研究显示,21%~62%的患者在全麻术后会出现不同程度的咽喉痛和声嘶[1]。术后咽痛的形成与患者的年龄、性别,气管导管套囊的压力,气管导管的尺寸、类型,导管留置时间,手术过程中气管导管的牵拉及过度吸痰等引起的咽黏膜局部创伤和炎症[2-3]有关。此外,由于全麻过程中使用的麻醉气体降低了下呼吸道黏膜纤毛上皮的温度和湿度,故更易引发炎症[4],严重影响患者对麻醉的满意度,甚至影响术后死亡率[5-6]。传统雾化吸入方法(地塞米松+庆大霉素+糜蛋白酶)因不良反应大[7-8]而已很少使用。
表1 两组患者术后咽痛发生情况比较[例(%),n=30]
表2 两组患者术后咽痛(吞咽时)VAS评分比较(±s,分,n=30)
表2 两组患者术后咽痛(吞咽时)VAS评分比较(±s,分,n=30)
注:与对照组相比, P<0.05。
组别治疗组对照组术后12 h 4.50±0.95 5.10±0.85术后24 h 3.95±0.85 4.35±0.65术后48 h 2.65±0.85 3.15±0.90术后72 h 1.75±0.65 2.15±0.75
rh-bFGF为多功能细胞生长因子,能刺激中胚层和神经外胚层来源细胞的增殖,能诱导炎性细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞等向损伤部位移动,激活巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,增强机体的免疫功能,降低创面感染机会;并能促进成纤维细胞的增殖,促进新生毛细血管的形成,促进上皮细胞增殖和向创面中心覆盖;加速神经纤维再生,恢复运动和感觉功能,同时抑制胶原酶的表达,防止形成病理性瘢痕,具有促进修复和再生作用。同时,rh-bFGF作为一种“创伤激素”,可促进所有参与创伤修复的细胞增殖,并通过细胞表面受体激活MAPKs上调Bcl-2和Bcl-xl的水平抑制损伤细胞凋亡[9-10],促进上皮化肉芽组织形成,从而显著加速创面愈合[11]。
rh-bFGF[12]用于治疗烧伤、创伤患者创面修复取得了显著疗效[13-15],使用方法是溶解于0.9%氯化钠注射液后直接涂抹患处或用喷雾器喷于创面,但其用于雾化吸入临床鲜有报道,用于治疗全麻气管插管术后咽喉痛更是罕见。本研究结果显示,rh-bFGF雾化吸入能明显促进呼吸道黏膜修复,还可减少出血及支气管狭窄等并发症发生,从而降低经颈椎前路气管插管全麻术后咽痛发生率和咽痛程度,值得临床推广。
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Clinical Observation of Aerosol Inhalation of Recom binant Hum an Basic Fibroblast G row th Factor for Treating Sore Throat A fter Anterior Cervical Operation Under General Anesthesia in 30 Cases
Liu Bin,Dai Renfeng,Jin Zhang,Gan Wei,Fu Jiangtao
(Zhejiang Lishui People′s Hospital,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Lishui,Zhejiang,China 323000)
R969.4;R971+.1
A
1006-4931(2017)18-0027-03
10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2017.18.009
2017-03-15;
2017-06-06)
国家卫生计生委科技中心重大疾病防治科技行动计划项目[2016ZX-01-011];浙江省丽水市高层次人才培养资助项目[2014RC26]。
刘斌,硕士研究生,主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科疾病临床诊疗工作,(电话)0578-2780283(电子信箱)doctorliubin@163.com。