陈 冰
在学习场景中凸显英语的文化性
陈 冰
在英语学习中,接触和了解英语国家文化有益于学习者对英语的理解和使用,英语教学应凸显文化性。教师可以创设真实场景,引发思维开放;链接学习场景,促进思维发散;开发场景资源,激活思维生成。
创设真实场景;链接学习场景;开发场景资源
语言有丰富的文化内涵。在英语学习中,接触和了解英语国家文化有益于学生对英语的理解和使用,有益于其加深对中国文化的认识与热爱,有益于接受属于全人类的先进文化的熏陶,有益于世界意识的培养。那么,如何在英语教学中凸显文化性呢?
所谓思维的开放,是指突破思维定式和狭隘眼界,多视角、全方位地看事物。教学中,我们可以在有意义的场景下呈现新的学习内容,建立新旧知识的联系,同时用开放性的问题,引导学生发散思维,打开思路。
例如,译林版《牛津小学英语》5B Unit 1 A new term Part A的教学片段:
T:Su Hai and Su Yang have eight subjects this term.What about you?What subjects do you have?
T(出示本班课程表):Look, this is our timetable.How many English lessons do you have in a week?How many Maths lessons do you have in a week?
T:Lisa is an English girl.She is a student of Grade Two in a primary school.Let’s look at her timetable.Discuss her timetable.
教师提供了一个英国小学二年级学生的课程表,并介绍英国小学的基本情况。学生对此感到很新奇,在小组讨论中,他们积极参与,乐于表达。在这个过程中,教师渗透了英语国家的文化,创造机会让学生在创设的场景中感受异国文化,培养学生的跨文化意识。
发散性思维是创造性的重要保证。教学时,教师要引导学生抓住问题的实质,借助发散性思维,寻找解决问题的突破口,并提高学生思维的应变性和灵活性,最终解决问题。
例如:译林新版《英语》六上 Unit 4 Holiday fun的教学
Step 1 Free talk
T:First,let’s sing a song——Month Song.
T:There are many pictures about holidays in the song.Today we are going to learn how to make a newspaper on holidays.What holiday do you know?
学生谈论节日以及相关习俗,教师进行补充说明,提与节日相关的问题,并收集学生准备好的图片和文字,为后面制作报纸做准备。
Step 2 Introduce Thanksgiving.
T: Doyouwanttoknowmore about Thanksgiving?Here’s a short video.(播放视频)
T:Now,can you say something about Thanksgiving?
S:People usually eat turkeys,pumpkin pies and apple pies.They usually watch the Thanksgivingparades and football games.
Step 3 Make a newspaper
T:OK, Thanksgiving is very important in USA,just like Mid-Autumn Festival in China.People usually have a big dinner with their families and friends.I want to make a newspaper about Thanksgiving.Who can come and help me?(请3个学生上来一起做报纸)
T:First,take a piece of paper.Then write down the name of the holiday.Next,paste some pictures and short passages about the holiday.At last.decorate it.It makes it beautiful.(边讲边贴,询问学生的意见,为其他学生示范)
T:OK, this is my newspaper.Would you like to make a newspaper like this?
T:Let’s choose a holiday.Look, here are six Easter Bunnies,everyone has an Easter Egg.There is a puzzle about holiday in it.You can choose one.Which one would you like?
Ghos(Halloween)Santa Claus (Christmas)Eggs(Easter) Rice dumplings(Dragon Boat Festival)Turkey(Thanksgiving) Dumplings(Spring Festival)
T:Now, discuss with your group members about this holiday and make a newspaper like this.
学生6人一组做海报,教师现场指导,交流。
小组讨论后把所有组的海报贴在黑板上,让每一组上台介绍自己的报纸。
T:Thanksgiving is a day for giving thanks.
T:Let’s give thanks.I want to be the first one.I’d like to give thanks to my job,so I can be here with you , my lovely students.And I’d like to give thanks to my parents...Now,who wants to try ?
Step 4 Assign homework
本节课体现了如何在英语课堂上落实 “文化意识”的目标。教师引导学生熟悉中外的节日,在此基础上制作“节日报纸”,使学生有意识地归纳整理所学知识,培养学生获取、整合信息的能力并扩大他们的文化视野。在制作报纸这个真实的场景中,学生发散思维,互相交流,增进了对中外文化的了解。
对话能够促进生成,学生在同他人的对话中,会发现同自己完全不同的见解,而这往往会促成新的创造,此时,学生不再只是知识的接受者,更是主动的建构者。
以译林新版《英语》六上 Unit 5 Signs(Checkout time)为例:
T: Look at this girl.She’s Eape.Let’s know more about her.(观看卡通,了解人物的生存环境,为之后的环节做铺垫与过渡)
T: After the earthquake, they come to a modern city!They have troubles in the city.Let’s have a look.
T: What’s wrong with them?Let’s discuss.Think for a while,and check the answer.
S:They...
T:So they should learn more about signs.Today let’s help them know some public signs.Use “mean”to ask and answer questions.And know how to use signs.Let’s help them,Ok?
T: Here is a sign (见图1).I can see a kangaroo,what can you see?What does this sign mean?
S:...
T: Look, we learnt this sign(见图2), but where can we put it?
S:...
T:So, signs should be...?
S:...
T: Share your ideas.Clear,meaningful and helpful.
T: Eape designs a sign here(见图3).What does this sign mean?Where can we put it?
S:This is“No cutting down trees”.It means we shouldn’t cut down trees here.I can put it in the forest.Please be good to our forest!
T: Now, let’s design your signs!
(图1)
(图2)
(图3)
本节课是关于公共标志的复习课,教师以穿越了的疯狂原始人Eape为主线,建构了真实、高效的学习场景,引导学生了解生活中常见的标志,并学习国外的标志,同时将语言知识置于不同的场景中,让学生消化吸收,内化为自己的知识。
G623.31
A
1005-6009(2017)49-0014-02
陈冰,南京市三牌楼小学(南京,210003)教师,高级教师,南京市英语学科带头人。