莫玉俏+陈小菊
[摘 要] 目的:比較不同子宫肌瘤剔除方式对妊娠结局的影响。方法:217例患者中注射垂体后叶素组84例(A组),子宫动脉阻断组61例(B组),单纯腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除患者126例(C组)。比较3组患者手术情况、术后并发症、治疗效果及妊娠结局。结果:B组手术时间高于A组、C组,其术中出血量低于其他2组;A组、B组术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间均低于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组、B组术后并发症发生率分别为4.92%(3/61)、5.95%(5/84),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C组术后并发症发生率为9.52%(12/126),高于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组肌瘤残留率、复发率低于A组、C组,A组肌瘤残留率、复发率低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者妊娠时间、妊娠结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与单纯腹腔镜、局部注射垂体后叶素后子宫肌瘤剔除相比,子宫动脉阻断后切除病灶虽然技术要求较高,但能够在保证治疗效果与妊娠结局的前提下,进一步减少手术创伤、缩短术后恢复时间、降低术后并发症发生风险。
[关键词] 子宫肌瘤;术式;妊娠结局
中图分类号:R713.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-5200(2017)03-043-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201703019
[Abstract] Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of different uterine leiomyoma rejection on pregnancy outcome. Methods: Among 217 patients, 84 were treated with pituitrin (group A), 61 patients with uterine artery occlusion (group B) and 126 patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy (group C). The surgical conditions, postoperative complications, treatment and pregnancy outcome were compared among the three groups. Results: The operation time of group B was higher than that of group A and group C, and the blood loss in group B was lower than those in other two groups. The blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time and hospitalization time in group A and group B were lower than those in group C, and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence of postoperative complications in group A and group B was 4.92% (3/61) and 5.95% (5/84) respectively. There was no significant difference between group A and group B; the incidence of postoperative complications in group C was 9.52% (12/126), which was higher than those in the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant. The rates of myoma retention and recurrence of group B was lower than those of group A and group C, and the recurrence rate of group A was lower than that of group C, the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in time to pregnancy and pregnancy outcome among the three groups. Conclusions: Compared with simple laparoscopic and posterior pituitary adenocarcinoma, although the technical requirements for resection of the lesion after uterine artery occlusion are higher, it can further reduce the surgical trauma, shorten the postoperative recovery time and reduce the risk of postoperative complications, under the premise of ensuring the treatment effect and pregnancy outcome.
[Key words] uterine fibroids; surgery; pregnancy outcome
子宫肌瘤是育龄期女性常见的良性肿瘤,发生率约为20%~40%[1]。腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术能够在完全清除病灶的前提下,保留子宫的生理功能及身体器官的完整性,满足患者的生育需求[2]。临床倾向于应用局部注射垂体后叶素、子宫动脉阻断等多种辅助手段,降低术中出血量[3]。本研究观察了271例患者的妊娠结局,分析上述辅助手段是否影响卵巢子宫功能。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
自2013年1月至2015年1月收治子宫肌瘤患者中剔除术前6个月内有激素使用史及随访时间不足2年者。217例入选,其中注射垂体后叶素组84例(A组),子宫动脉阻断组61例(B组),单纯腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除患者126例(C组)。3组患者年龄、瘤体直径、肌瘤数量、病灶位置等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),本临床研究具有可比性。
常规子宫肌瘤剔除术参照文献[5]。A组患者腹腔镜置入后,于肌瘤根部肌壁位置注射6 U垂体后叶素+10 mL生理盐水,观察肌瘤颜色变化,待其颜色变化为青紫色或灰白色后[6],实施病灶切除。B组患者腹腔镜置入后,于子宫峡部剪开阔韧带前叶,游离并暂时结扎双侧子宫动脉,观察子宫宫体颜色变化,待其颜色变化为紫红色后,实施病灶切除。
1.2 观察指标及统计
观察3组患者手术情况、并发症发生情况、治疗效果及妊娠结局,并进行比较。肌瘤残留判定方法为术后3个月内复查2次超声均可见肌瘤残留[7];术后1个月复查超声未见肌瘤,术后6个月复查超声再次发现肌瘤判定为复发;通过电话随访、门诊随诊等形式,追踪3组患者术后2年妊娠结局。
数据采用SPSS21.0进行分析,病灶位置、治疗效果、妊娠结局等计数资料以(n/%)表示,并采用χ2检验,年龄、手术情况、卵巢储备功能指标等计量资料以(x±s)表示,并采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 围术期情况
B组手术时间高于A组、C组,其术中出血量低于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组、B组术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间均低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组手术时间低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。A组、B组术后并发症发生率分别为4.92%(3/61)、5.95%(5/84),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C组术后并发症发生率为9.52%(12/126),高于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.2 治疗效果及妊娠结局
3组肌瘤残留分别为14.29%、3.28%、32.54%,复发率分别为10.71%、1.64%、29.37%。B组肌瘤残留率、复发率低于A组、C组,A组肌瘤残留率、复发率低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
A组、B组、C组妊娠时间分别为术后(10.26±1.88)月、(9.85±1.76)月、(9.47±1.84)月,3组患者妊娠时间、妊娠结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
3 讨论
目前子宫肌瘤的治疗仍以外科手术为主 [8-9]。为降低术中出血量,既往有学者采取局部注射缩宫素、垂体后叶素、子宫下段套扎术、子宫动脉阻断术等手段,但垂体后叶素注射止血效果欠佳、套扎术易因套圈脱落造成止血失
败[10-11],故本研究仅就局部注射缩宫素、子宫动脉阻断术进行了比较。
在手术情况的观察中,可以发现,B组手术时间偏长,考虑与术中子宫动脉游离、结扎操作较为复杂,对术者操作技术要求较高有关[12],而A组手术时间略低于C组,这主要由于垂体后叶素促使子宫强烈收缩的显著止血效果[13],另一方面,垂体后叶素的兴奋平滑肌功能可促使子宫平滑肌收縮、瘤体变色,从而提高正常组织与病灶组织对比度,使病灶剔除难度进一步下降[14]。但与局部注射垂体后叶素比较,子宫动脉阻断的止血效果更为确切,考虑与垂体后叶素单次注射持续时间有限有关[15]。因此,在手术时间、术中出血量的比较中,局部注射垂体后叶素、子宫动脉阻断各有其利弊,但均优于单纯腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除。
肌瘤残留率、复发率是判定子宫肌瘤剔除效果的重要指标,有效降低肌瘤残留率、复发率也是缓解患者下腹胀痛、月经过多等不适症状的重点所在[16]。本研究结果示,A组、B组肌瘤残留率、复发率均低于C组,说明有效的瘤体血流控制能够在提高术中剔除效果的基础上,进一步促使瘤体缺血坏死,阻止病灶增长与复发,具有更为确切的治疗效果。而子宫动脉阻断术的血流控制效果更为突出,故该组患者肌瘤残留率、复发率低于A组。
在本次研究中,3组患者妊娠时间、妊娠结局比较,差异无统计学意义,说明术中子宫血流阻断不会对卵巢功能造成明显影响,故可有效保证患者妊娠结局,因为子宫动脉卵巢支仅占卵巢血供的4%,且子宫动脉、卵巢动脉间吻合支丰富,故仅阻断子宫动脉不会引发卵巢、子宫缺血或坏死[17]。Kozachenko等[18]发现,子宫动脉阻断后,虽然患者卵巢内分泌、排卵功能有轻微下降,但在3~4个月内即可自行恢复,进一步证明这一止血策略的安全性。
综上所述,不同子宫肌瘤剔除方式均可有效保证妊娠结局,而子宫动脉阻断后行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术,患者术中出血量更低、术后恢复更快且并发症发生率更低,在充分普及子宫动脉阻断术经验技巧的前提下,该技术有望成为子宫肌瘤剔除术的首选方式。
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