高考英语写作中如何做到避繁趋简

2017-07-01 20:46张忠超
中学课程辅导·教学研究 2016年20期
关键词:简洁写作策略

张忠超

摘要:在高考写作题中,有些学生认为复杂的长句能够提升文章的语言质量,并能获得更高的分数,所以有意将一个简洁短句拓展为复杂的长句,这反而牺牲了句子的“力度”和“简洁性”。英语写作中尊崇“言以简洁为贵”。本文主要讲述如何使文章避繁冗趋简洁,用最简洁的文字表达最丰富的内容的五个策略。

关键词:写作;繁冗;简洁;策略

中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2016)10-0063

英语写作一直尊崇“言以简洁为贵”,简洁就是句中无余字,以最少的语言文字表达最多的内容。如“No pains ,no gains”“Easy come ,easy go ”,这些谚语就是很好的说明。同时,高考英语书面表达主要是控制性写作,它不仅对内容、体裁等有限制,对词数也作了明确要求,一般是“100-120词”,词数多或少都要酌情扣分。因此,在英语写作中,我们既要考虑内容要点不能丢失,同时还要注意在遣词造句时要惜墨如金,避免繁冗拖沓。所以,我们使用以下五个策略使文章避繁趋简,用最简洁的文字也能表达出最丰富的内容。

策略之一:表达否定意义时,尽量避免使用否定词“no”或者“not”

高考英语书面表达要求学生具备较强的语言运用能力,能使用复杂高级词汇。而在英语中有很多高级词汇也能表达出否定的意思,恰当使用它们,既使文章增色不少,也使文章简洁流畅。

例:1. It isnt moral to steal other peoples ideas.

→ Its immoral to steal other peoples ideas.

2. The rumor cant be believed.

→ The rumor is beyond belief.

3. College students do not have sufficient financial backing

→ College students lack sufficient financial backing.

策略之二:使用省略

為了使文章简明扼要、避免重复,更加连接紧密、结构紧凑,我们可以在并列句和定语从句中使用省略,特别在由when ,while 等引导的时间状语从句和if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句,以及由although ,even if 等引导的让步状语从句中省略尤为普遍。下列括号内容可以省略。

例1. He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .

2. Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .

3. Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.

策略之三:使用非谓语动词

非谓语动词是高中英语语法学习中的一个重难点,也是学生在文章使用的最容易犯错的地方。而恰当使用非谓语动词,在句中充当不同的成分,既体现了学生具备较强的语言运用能力,能使用复杂句子结构,也使文章地道简洁、自然流畅。

1. 使用动名词短语代替从句

(1)Our chief worry was that she lacked experience.

→ Our chief worry was her lacking experience.

(2)I suggested we should leave early for the airport.

→ I suggested leaving early for the airport.

2. 使用分词短语代替从句

(1)When they heard the news ,they jumped with joy.

→ Hearing the news , they jumped with joy.

(2)The young woman who smiles at Lucy is Li Ying.

→ The young woman smiling at Lucy is Li Ying.

(3)After the room was examined carefully ,the room was locked again.

→Having been examined carefully ,the room was locked again

3. 使用不定式代替从句

(1)It is a pity that you cant come to attend our party.

→ It is a pity for you not to come to attend our party.

(2)Now the question is how we can raise enough money.

→ Now the question is how to raise enough money.

(3)He wore a mask so that no one can recognize him.

→He wore a mask so as to not to be recognized.

策略之四:使用介词或介词短语

介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,看起来简单,但它却是英语中最活跃的词类,它们往往一词多义,用法非常灵活,特别复杂。特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强,可以用来表示各种不同的意思。所以,在文章中使用好介词很不简单,体现学生较强的语言功底,也会使文章地道简洁。

1. While they were playing tennis,she started an argument that lasted all morning.

→ During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

2. He went to school in a hurry and he didnt have breakfast.

→ He went to school in a hurry without breakfast.

策略之五:避免单词语意上重复

例:1. My grandfather has said over and over again.

這里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly,显得更为简洁。

→ My grandfather has said repeatedly.

2. The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.

large对一个farm来说就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉。

→The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.

在英语中,简明扼要的短句干脆利落、简洁明快,用它来表达一个信息,能迅速吸引对方注意力,收到一目了然、立竿见影的效果,且容易组织和表达,随便自然,能够体现文章的速度和力度感。当然,长句以复杂的语法结构来表达更为复杂的内容,能够从容不迫地进行叙述和阐明观点,让事实更充分地展现,让说理更深入透彻。所以,是使用长句好还是使用短句好,笔者认为一要遵从简洁原则,二要遵从体现作者的思想原则,不搞一刀切。

(作者单位:陕西省商洛市商南县高级中学 726300)

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