瑞士鸟类研究所访客中心，森帕赫，瑞士

瑞士鸟类研究所访客中心，森帕赫，瑞士

Visitor Center of the Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland, 2015

建筑设计: :mlzd建筑事物所Architects: :mlzd

1 访客中心位于森帕赫湖畔，多边形的建筑物与环境相融合/ The visitor center is situated at lake Sempach, the position of the polygonal building parts refer to the surrounding

瑞士鸟类研究所的新访客中心坐落于森帕赫湖畔，临近卢塞恩。它的目的是向公众更好地展示鸟类研究所在自然鸟类的研究和保护中所做的工作。

访客将穿过交织在展览区和湖畔建筑之间的动态而平衡的步行道。两个紧凑的多边形体量是对地段周边湖区景观的回应。两个体量之间的空间形成一个宽敞的门厅，从这里可通往所有展区。门厅尽头的观赏鸟笼形成了室内外空间的流畅过渡。

除了展览空间外，建筑中还包括一座电影院、工作及研讨空间、一个为访问研究者提供的小居住单元。

瑞士鸟类研究所访客中心是第三座在立面上使用预制夯土构件的大规模项目。这种不会因气候条件而变化的预制构件带来了广泛的好处，例如实地施工的效率提升和时间的缩减。35cm或45cm厚的夯土墙是自承重的，立面背后是承重混凝土框架。

建筑另一个突出特征是使用了考登钢窗框，它是与夯土立面同时安装的。窗框和窗户都锚固在夯土构件之中。□ （黄华青 译）

2 访客中心位于森帕赫湖畔，多边形的建筑物与环境相融合/The visitor center is situated at lake Sempach, the position of the polygonal building parts refer to the surrounding

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑设计/Architects: :mlzd (Biel, Switzerland)

客户/Client: 瑞士鸟类研究所/Swiss Ornithological Institute (Sempach, Switzerland)

项目团队/Project Team: Claude Marbach, Julia Wurst, Pat Tanner, Daniele Di Giacinto, Roman Lehmann, Amelie Braun, Katharina Kleczka, Marlies Rosenberger, Regina Tadorian, Johannes Weisser, Samuel Wespe, Miriam Zenk

木结构工程/Engineering Timber Construction: Pirmin Jung Ingenieure (Rain, Switzerland)

土结构工程/Engineering Solid Construction: WAM Planer und Ingenieure (Bern, Switzerland)

建筑面积/Floor Area: 2060m²

夯土/Rammed Earth: 1240m², 1130t

建设周期/Construction Phase: 2013-2014

摄影/Photos: Alexander Jaquemet (fig.1,8-10), Benedikt Redmann (fig.2)

3 总平面/Site plan

4 一层平面/Floor 0 plan

5 纵剖面/Longitudinal section

The new visitor center of the Swiss ornithological station is situated on the banks of the Sempach Lake, close to Luzern. It is supposed to give the public a better insight to the work of the ornithological station in research and maintenance of the native bird species.

The visitor is guided by a dynamically balanced network of pathways through the exhibition and the lakeside property. The situation of the two compact, polygonal forms refer to the position in the surrounding landscape and the lake. The intermediate space between the two buildings becomes a generous foyer, allowing access to all parts of the exhibition. The show aviary at the end of the foyer forms the fluent transition from the interior to exterior.

In addition to the exhibition space the complex includes a cinema, working and seminar space, and a small living unit for guest researchers.

The Visitor Center of the Swiss Ornithological Institute is already the third large-scale project with a façade made of prefabricated rammed earth elements. A pre-production which is not subject to changes in weather conditions offers a wide range of advantages such as the increase of efficiency and the reduction of the actual construction time on site. The 35 or 45 cm thick walls are self-supporting and stand in front of the load-bearing concrete skeleton structure.

Another extraordinary feature is the Corten steel window frames, which were installed together with the rammed-earth façade. The frames and the windows are both anchored in the rammed earth components.□

6 二层平面/Floor 1 plan

7 横剖面/Cross section

评论

穆钧：与利口乐草药中心相比，该项目对于外围护夯土墙在形式、功能、洞口开设等方面提出了更高的要求，而这些通过马丁团队日益成熟的预制夯土技术得到了更为从容的回应。根据所在部位的不同，预制夯土单元具有更为多样的内部强化构造和倒角形式，以满足多种结构和构造连接的需要。在夯土材料的改良方面，马丁依然坚持仅利用土砂石级配，而拒绝添加化学改性剂的环保理念，并通过建筑及构造设计的途径克服或规避材料在力学和耐水性能方面的相对缺陷。例如，夯土墙顶部采用金属板下弯且轻微挑出的压顶形式，有效地避免了雨水顺流对墙体的破坏；门窗洞口上部直接采用底部配筋的夯土单元作为洞口过梁，而后置的金属窗套可有效地避免雨水对洞口周边夯土的侵蚀。在利用夯土材料特性和预制夯土施工技术特点的过程中，自然形成了与之相应的设计语言。

8 连接各个部分的门廊/Foyer connecting both building parts

Comments

MU Jun:In comparison to Ricola Kräuterzentrum, this project has higher requirements for the rammed-earth wall enclosure in terms of forms, functions and openings, which are readily responded to with the increasingly mature rammed earth prefabrication technology from Martin's team. Depending on their locations, prefabricated rammed earth units have diversified internal reinforcement and chamfering forms to meet various structural and tectonic connection requirements. With respect to earthen material enhancement, Martin insists on an environmentalism where only earth and graded sand are used without chemical modifiers. The material's weaknesses in mechanical performance and water resistance are overcome or avoided by means of architectural and tectonic designs. For instance, metal plates that bend downwards with a slight overhang are used at the earthen wall top for capping, which effectively protects the wall from dripping rainwater damage. Rammed-earth units reinforced at the bottom serve as lintels for door and window openings, and mounted metal window surrounds can protect the rammed earth around the openings from rainwater erosion. A design language is spontaneously developed during the process which takes advantages of the earthen material's properties and prefabricated rammed-earth construction technology. (Translated by SHANG Jin)

9 夯土和玻璃的连接/Detail view on connection rammed earth and glass

10 通往湖岸阶地的出口/Exit to the lake terrace